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“It ain’t what you know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.”
MARK TWAIN
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Most of our false or doubtful assumptions about the areas that impact our lives are never examined.
We use these assumptions to operate, but because they aren’t actively reflected upon, studied or challenged, they maintain their full force, even if fairly simple arguments could over...
When something contradicts your current understanding, you are likely to dismiss it. This may be adaptive in a world where a big part of the information you encounter is false or is constructed to manipulate you. Things that you don’t currently believe are more likely to be false.
H...
Most people think about learning as adding knowledge and skills. You now have a new fact in your mind that didn’t exist before.
The most useful learning isn’t usually a strict addition of new knowledge, but first unlearning something false or unhelpful.
- Straightforward refutation of the old idea. This complete refutation is atypical. More likely the new knowledge doesn’t contradict the old one, but it may modify it in some way.
- The new knowledge revises a simpler picture by filling it with more complex details. This is...
- Seek additive knowledge in familiar areas and then use that new knowledge to start pulling up and modifying old knowledge.
- Seek other people’s experiences of the world. Travel, in this way, can be a potent form of unlearning.
- Be more varied and bold in your...
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General skills not only help you with a narrow problem but can be used repeatedly to solve other problems.
But building general skills can be challenging because it is built from many specific ones. If you're prepared to do the work, you can find better ways to learn that ...
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Formal discipline theory led to views that learning Latin and geometry were important, even if few students would use these skills in their lives, because by their formal character they acted as the ideal dumbbells for mental ...
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People often confuse risk with uncertainty. But the terms "risk" and "uncertainty" do not refer to the same thing.
- Risk is precise and quantifiable.
- Uncertainty is when the underlying system is not understood.
...
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