When leaders approach a decision, they should draw on the skills and experiences of others as well as their own. <ul><li>CEOs and entrepreneurs should refrain from only bringing people on board who only echo and validate them. </li><li>Instead, leaders should pursue diverse perspectives and work to disconfirm their beliefs. </li><li>They should look for advisers with organisational and personal qualities and experiences to fill a void in themselves.</li></ul>

Trust: Seek Diversity, Not Validation

Judgment is the ability to combine personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to develop opinions and make decisions. Good judgment is vital in the absence of clear-cut, relevant data or an obvious path. Yet it is challenging to move from understanding what judgment is to knowing how to get it or recognise it.
Six components of good judgment can build and inform the judgments we make:
<ol>
<li>Learning</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>Experience</li>
<li>Detachment</li>
<li>Options</li>
<li>_Deliver_y</li>
</ol>

Judgment Is Key To Good Leadership

It's vital to understand and address your own biases. Research shows that leaders often make cognitive biases such as anchoring, confirmation, risk aversion or excessive risk appetite. People with good judgment ensure they have processes in place to keep them aware of biases. To improve, encourage, understand, clarify, and accept different viewpoints, engage in role-playing and simulations, which force employees to consider different agendas and can provide a safe space for dissent.

Detachment: Identify, and Then Challenge, Biases

You can make all the right strategic choices but lose out if you don’t exercise judgment in how and by whom those choices will be executed. A leader with good judgment anticipates risks after a course has been determined and knows by whom those risks are best managed. When assessing a proposal:<ul><li>ensure that the experience of the people recommending the investment closely matches its context. </li><li>Engage in “premortem” discussions, where participants try to surface what might cause a proposal to fail.</li></ul>

Delivery: Factor in the Feasibility of Execution

In making a decision, a leader is often expected to choose between at least two options. Smart leaders look beyond only two options. Other options almost always exist, such as doing nothing, delaying a decision until more information is available, or conducting a time-limited trial. To improve:<ul><li>Press for clarification on poorly presented information, and challenge people if you think important facts are missing. </li><li>Question the variables on which their arguments depend. </li><li>Use modelling, triangulation, and artificial intelligence.</li><li>Don’t be afraid to consider radical options. </li></ul>

Options: Question the Solution Set Offered

<ul>
<li>Leaders with good judgment tend to be good listeners and readers. They know what people mean and can recognise patterns that others do not.</li>
<li>They have a breadth of experiences and relationships that enable them to recognize parallels or analogies that others miss.</li>
<li>They can recognize their own emotions and biases and take them out of the equation.</li>
<li>They remain grounded in the real world.</li>
</ul>

Qualities of Leaders With Good Judgement

Leaders use their experience when making judgment calls. If they have previous experience, leaders can scope out areas to focus their energy and resources. However, if the experience is narrowly based, the familiarity can be dangerous. Leaders may fall into a rut, make judgments out of habit, or be overconfident. To improve, assess how well you draw on your own experience to make decisions. Go through important judgment calls to identify what went well and what didn't, then share your conclusions with a coach or colleagues who might have a different perspective of the same experience.

Experience: Make It Relevant but Not Narrow

Leaders often rush into bad judgments because they are not sufficiently critical of what they hear and read. They filter out what they don't expect or want to hear. Leaders with good judgment:<ul><li>They give their undivided attention to everyone. They pick up on what's not said and interpret body language.</li><li>They elicit information that people might not otherwise volunteer.</li><li>They demand quality information they see and hear to prevent information overload. If they feel overwhelmed, they focus on the parts that discuss questions and issues.</li></ul>

Learning: Listen Attentively, Read Critically

Judgment—the ability to combine personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and make decisions—is “the core of exemplary leadership,” according to Noel Tichy and Warren Bennis (the authors of Judgment: How Winning Leaders Make Great Calls). It is what enables a sound choice in the absence of clear-cut, relevant data or an obvious path. Likierman believes that a more precise understanding of what exactly gives someone good judgment may make it possible for people to learn and improve on it. He approached CEOs at a range of companies, from some of the world’s largest right down to start-ups, along with leaders in the professions: senior partners at law and accountancy firms, generals, doctors, scientists, priests, and diplomats. He asked them to share their observations of their own and other people’s exercise of judgment so that he could identify the skills and behaviors that collectively create the conditions for fresh insights and enable decision makers to discern patterns that others miss. As a result, he has identified six key elements that collectively constitute good judgment: learning, trust, experience, detachment, options, and delivery. He describes these elements and offers suggestions for improvement in each one.