When in doubt, choose to show MORE gratitude to the people who have mentored or supported you.Say thank you more. Tell someone you appreciate them. Not just on special occasions—every single day.Lean into gratitude daily and your life will improve.

The Gratitude Razor

If your smartest friends are all interested in something, it’s worth paying attention to.If that something seems crazy, it's worth paying a lot of attention to.The passions and weekend projects of the smartest people in your circles are a looking glass into the future.

Smart Friends Razor

Make decisions that your 80-year-old self and 10-year-old self would be proud of.Your 80-year-old self cares about the long-term compounding of the decisions of today.Your 10-year-old self reminds you to stay foolish and have some fun along the way.When you make decisions with both of them in mind, you have a recipe for a productive, joy-filled life.

The Young & Old Test

Time is either *invested* or *spent*.Invested time—actions that compound:<ul><li>Reading</li><li>Physical activity</li><li>Mindfulness</li><li>Relationship building</li></ul>Spent time—actions that don’t compund.When choosing what to do, prioritize investing time, not spending it.

Spending Vs Investing Time

Opinions are earned—not owed.If you can't state the opposition's argument clearly, you haven't earned an opinion. There's a natural human tendency to feel the need to have an opinion on absolutely everything. When asked about a topic you don't understand deeply, take pride in having no opinion. If it's important, do the work to earn one.

The Opinion Razor

Too many people take on stress that has no upside.If something is going to be stressful, consider whether the reward is sufficiently outsized to justify the stress.If it isn't, don't take it on.

The Stress-Reward Test

When choosing who to spend time with, prioritize spending more time with optimists.Pessimists see closed doors. Optimists see open doors—and probably kick down the closed doors along the way.Remember: Pessimists sound smart, optimists get rich.

The Optimist Razor

Nassim Nicholas Taleb famously proposed this rule of thumb in his best-selling book, Skin in the Game.He talks about choosing between two surgeons of equal qualification and experience. One looks highly refined and one looks like a butcher. If forced to choose between two options of seemingly equal merit, choose the one that doesn’t look the part.The one who doesn’t look the part has had to overcome much more to achieve their status than the one who fits in perfectly.

Looking The Part Razor

Anything asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.If something cannot be settled by reasonable experiment or observation, it's not worth debating.These will save you from wasting a lot of time on pointless arguments.

Hitchens’ Razor & Newton’s Flaming Laser Sword

If you're struggling to understand something, try writing it out.When you write, you expose the gaps that exist in your logic and thinking. Study to fill the gaps.Writing is the ultimate tool to sharpen thinking—use it as a "knife block" for life.

The Writing Knife Block

When choosing between two paths, choose the path that has a larger luck surface area.Much of what we call "luck" is actually the macro result of 1,000s of micro-actions. Your daily habits put you in a position where “luck” is more likely to strike.It’s hard to get lucky watching TV at home—it’s easy to get lucky when you’re engaging and learning, physically or digitally.Spend more time on things that increase your luck surface area.

The Luck Razor

A “razor” is a rule of thumb that simplifies decision-making.Humans are wired to take shortcuts in our decision-making. These shortcuts can lead us astray—but when used appropriately, the shortcuts can be extremely valuable.Here is a list of powerful decision-making razors to help you make better decisions, faster than ever before.

The Razor

If you have a choice between entering two rooms, choose the room where you're more likely to be the dumbest one in the room.Once you're in the room, talk less and listen more.Bad for your ego—great for your growth.

Rooms Razor

Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.In assessing someone's actions, we shouldn't assume negative intent if there's a viable alternative explanation—different beliefs, lack of intelligence, incompetence, or ignorance.Applies to politics, relationships, and general Twitter discourse...

Hanlon's Razor

When deciding what to read, just read whatever grabs you. When it stops grabbing you, put it down.Avoid the trap of only reading “impressive" sounding books that bore you to death.Never establish reading vanity metrics as goals.

The Reading Razor

Complexity and jargon are used to mask a lack of deep understanding.If you can’t explain it to a 5-year-old, you don’t really understand it.If someone uses a lot of complexity and jargon to explain something, they probably don’t understand it.

The Feynman Razor

When faced with two paths, choose the path that puts you in the arena.It's easy to throw rocks from the sidelines. It's scary and lonely in the arena—but it's where growth happens.Once you're in the arena, never take advice from people on the sidelines.

The Arena Razor

When you're weighing alternative explanations for something, the one with the fewest necessary assumptions should be chosen.Put simply, the simplest explanation is often the best one.Simple Assumptions is greater than Complex Assumptions. If you have to believe a complex, intertwined series of assumptions in order to reach one specific conclusion, always ask whether there is a simple alternative assumption that fits.Simple is beautiful.

Occam's Razor

If you have the choice, always choose to sprint and then rest.Most people are not wired to work 9-5—long periods of steady, monotonous work. It's a remnant of the Industrial Age.Parkinson’s Law states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. When you establish fixed hours to do your work, you find unproductive ways to fill it—you work longer, but get less done.If your goal is to do inspired, creative work, you have to work like a lion: Sprint when inspired. Rest. Repeat.

The Lion Razor

Truly successful people rarely feel the need to brag about their success.If someone regularly brags about their income, wealth, or success, it's fair to assume the reality is likely a small fraction of what they claim.If they consistently name-drop important people with no relevant context, it's fair to assume that fraction is even smaller than you originally thought.

The Braggers Razor

When deciding whether to take on a new project, follow a simple two-step approach:Is this a "hell yes!" opportunity? If not, say no. If yes, proceed to Step 2.Imagine that this is going to take 2x as long and be 1/2 as profitable as you expect. Do you still want to do it? If no, say no. If yes, take on the project.Using this approach will force you to say no much more often—you'll only say yes to projects you are extremely excited about, which are ultimately those that drive asymmetric rewards in your life.

The New Project Razor

If you encounter someone with opinions or perspectives very different from your own, listen twice as much as you speak.Our natural tendency when we hear a view we disagree with is to respond and refute it.Instead, always default to Listen Mode. You'll learn way more that way.

Listen Mode

If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it’s probably a duck.You can determine a lot about a person by observing their habitual actions and characteristics.When someone tells you who they are, believe them the first time.

The Duck Test

When faced with two options, choose the one that’s more difficult in the short-term.There are two paths:Easy now—hard later.Hard now—easy later.Naval Ravikant calls this making "uphill decisions”—overriding your pain avoidance instinct and choosing the path that looks more arduous.It's worth it—short-term pain typically creates compounding long-term gain.

The Uphill Decision Razor

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The Optimist Razor

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Take the First Step

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Learning with the Feynman technique