Dorothy Hodgkin - Chemist (1910 - 1994)

She is the only British woman to have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, after having discovered the structures of penicillin, insulin and vitamin B12. 

More than that, she found herself as one of the chemistry lecturers of previous Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at Somerville College and she was president of the Pugwash Conference for 12 years, an international organization that has as aim to evaluate the threats of nuclear weapons.