Psychology as a Separate Discipline - Deepstash
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Psychology as a Separate Discipline

  • During the mid-1800s, a German physiologist Wilhelm Wundt outlined many of the major connections between the science of physiology and the study of human thought and behavior.
  • He viewed psychology as the study of human consciousness and tried to apply experimental methods to study internal mental processes.
  • His processes are known as introspection and seen as unreliable and unscientific today, but it helped to set the stage for future experimental methods.
  • The opening of his psychology lab In 1879 is considered to be the official start of psychology as a separate scientific discipline.

306

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Behaviorism

Psychology changed significantly during the early 20th century. Behaviorism rose to dominance and rejected the emphasis on both the conscious and unconscious mind.

  • Behaviorism aimed to make psychology a more scientific discipline by focusing only on observable behavior.
  • Russ...

307

443 reads

Structuralism

Structuralism

Edward B. Titchener found psychology's first major school of thought.

  • According to the structuralists, human consciousness consisted of smaller parts. Trained subjects would break down their reactions to the most basic sensation and insights.
  • Structuralism was unreliable, li...

287

586 reads

Functionalism

Functionalism

William James was one of the major American psychologists during the mid to late 1800s.

  • His classic textbook "The Principles of Psychology" became the standard text in psychology and served for the basis of functionalism.
  • Functionalism was about how behavior works to help pe...

297

512 reads

Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis

  • Austrian physician Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of personality that emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.
  • He believed early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses contributed to the development of adult personality and behavior.
  • He claimed psycholog...

310

587 reads

The Beginnings of Psychology

The Beginnings of Psychology

Psychology was not separate from philosophy until the late 1800s.

  • During the 17th century, philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the idea of dualism - that the mind and body were two entities that interact to complete the human experience.
  • While early philosophers relied on ...

331

851 reads

The Third Force

The first half of the 20th century was dominated by psychoanalysis and behaviorism. In the second half, a new school of thought, known as humanistic psychology, emerged. It is also referred to as the "third force" and emphasizes conscious experiences.

  • Psychologist Carl Rogers is cons...

299

441 reads

The need to understand psychology

The beginnings of psychology differ significantly from contemporary conceptions of the field. Modern psychology covers a range of topics, looking at human behavior en mental processes from the neural level to the cultural level.

313

1.22K reads

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive revolution took hold in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s and began to replace psychoanalysis and behaviorism as the main approach to the study of psychology. Psychologists were more concerned with what was going on inside the mind.

Since then, cognitive psyc...

362

855 reads

Psychology Continues to Grow

Since 1960, psychology continues to develop new ideas and perspectives. Recent research in psychology looks at many aspects of human experience, from biological influences on behavior to the impact of social and cultural factors.

Today, psychologists focus on a specialty area or perspectiv...

280

548 reads

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Related collections

More like this

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology started in the late 1950s and contributed to the move away from behaviorism.

  • Instead of viewing people as collections of responses to external stimuli, people are viewed as information processors.
  • Cognitive psychology was influenced by the comp...

Functionalism

Functionalism

William James was one of the major American psychologists during the mid to late 1800s.

  • His classic textbook "The Principles of Psychology" became the standard text in psychology and served for the basis of functionalism.
  • Functionalism was about how behavior works to help pe...

When Psychology Became A Separate Scientific Discipline

When Psychology Became A Separate Scientific Discipline

When psychology developed as a science that was separate from biology and philosophy, they did not know how to describe the human mind and behaviour.

Different schools of psychology emerged that represent major theories within psychology. At first, psychologists identified...

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