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How to Memorize a Speech | Scott H Young
The Memorization Phase of a Speech
- The key to memorizing a speech is to memorize it hierarchically. You begin with the broad chunks, moving to specific paragraphs, phrases, up until the intonation and your timing with the words.
- When starting with the chunks you simply write out the main points of the speech then cover them up and recall them.
- Moving up to the small points you can expand your bullets to represent each idea with one or two key words and quiz yourself until you have it memorized.
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Mastering Basic Phrases at Home First
To learn the basics, find a tool that fulfils the two basic requirements for memorizing: repetition and recall.
- You need to practice saying something more than once to master it, and then it is best to space those times out over days or weeks.
- Recalling phrases is less common, but it is vital. Find phrases, and practice saying it correctly.
Starting phrases include:
- I would like...?
- Where is ...?
- How do you say ...?
- What is that?
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Learning engagement and the need for rewards
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The first views on motivation
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Mathematics of motivation
When Ivan Pavlov and his dogs led to the discovery of learned behaviour through repeated exposure, and Edward Thorndike discovered the Law of Effect that stated that rewarded behaviours tended to increase, many psychologists were impelled to separate psychology from armchair introspection and formulated their theories as mathematical formulas.
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- Expectation x Value Theory. Drawing on ideas in economics and game theory, Edward Tolman and Kurt Lewis formulated an alternative account by evaluating motivation based on expectations. Tolman expressed the ideas as the mathematical formula: Subjective Expected Utility = Probability1 * Utility1 + P2U2 + P3U3 + … where subjective expected utility of an action equalled the motivation to act. But, if you expect a reward, why act and not simply passively wait for the expected reward?
Motivation as change
Donald Hebb realised that existing theories were too focused on reacting to the immediate environment. Thoughts, ideas and goals could be just as strong for triggering action as sights and sounds.
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