• Simulation is the standard, default mode for all brain activity.
• Discovered in the 1990s, simulation is what psychologists and neuroscientists mistook as ‘reactions’ to what we see, hear, touch, smell or taste.
• We automatically use simulation for thinking, understanding language, feeling empathy, remembrance, imagination, dreams and the ability to perceive.

Every moment that we are alive, our brain utilizes concepts to simulate the surrounding environment, practically creating ‘our’ world.

At any given moment, our brain tries to reconstruct, guess or compute what’s happening in the world using simulation. The...