<ul><li>Regressions: Quick, unconscious re-readings we do when we don't understand something.</li><li>Saccades: Jerky, 0.1-second eye movements we use to move our fovea (center of vision) from one word to another. </li><li>Fixations: Brief, 250-millisecond pauses, each word receives during reading.</li></ul>

The Types of Eye Movements

There are different techniques that claim to increase ones reading speed but decades of medical and psychological research indicates that said speed gain comes at the cost of understanding.

Speed Reading Versus Evidence

Research points to speed reading being a form of skimming, which is appropriate for short text but not for longer ones. For long texts, reading more to increase vocabulary or read things you already know a lot about are the only scientifically backed methods to increase speed and comprehension.

Research Backed Methods For Faster Reading

"The software and apps don't know what you're doing, they don't know what your internal representation is, so they can't compensate for a failure in understanding because they don't have access to that knowledge,"

<h3>Is the inner speech readers hear in their heads as they read silently.</h3>

Sub Vocalization

"Because we all learn to speak and listen before we learn to read, almost everyone tends to access the sounds of speech when they read."

"I took a course in speed-reading...and was able to read War and Peace in twenty minutes. It's about Russia."

Although there is an academic consensus that speed-reading decreases comprehension,On the other hand, the same can’t be said for comprehension measurement techniques, as we can process text differently according to context.

Measurements Of Speed Reading And Comprehension

Softwares using the RSVP (Rapid Serial Visual Presentation) method eliminate time-wasting eye movements by presenting you one word at a time. Again, the science says this tends to have a negative impact on comprehension as the rereading is important for understanding text.

The Fundamental Flaw On Speed Reading Softwares

"Is this word a food, yes or no?" "If you give them a word that's not a food, say 'MEET,' but the word sounds like an actual food word (M-E-A-T), then they're more likely to say yes even though it's the wrong answer."

<h3>Proponents of speed reading claim sub-vocalization is a detrimental habit that can be suppressed to increase ones reading speed. On the other hand, research indicates even using techniques to stop sub-vocalization, the mere visual recognition of words accesses the sounds of those words anyway.</h3>

The Impossibility Of Ignoring Your Inner Voice

Unlike speech, reading and writing are "cognitively unnatural." As a human instinct, speech doesn’t have to be taught to an infant. Writing does, because it is not a purely visual process, both reading and writing piggyback on language and speech.

The Complexity Of Reading

Reading involves the visual acquisition of the symbols by the eye and the cognitive processing that goes on in the background. It's an intricate dance between a number of visual and mental processes highly dependent on language.

Reading's Mental Dance

"… no human being can read 1,000 or 2,000 words per minute and maintain the same levels of comprehension they do at 200 or 400 words per minute."

Most educated people can read between 250 to 400 words per minute) with good comprehension. For comparison, a normal conversation produces 150 to 160 words per minute.

The Average Reader

According to the badge icon on my phone, I have 667 unread articles in my Instapaper account. I also have 12 un-downloaded novels waiting for me on Amazon's servers, 142 unopened emails, and suffer from what the Japanese call (an unwieldy pile of books and magazines annexed my nightstand and desk long ago).

ELIZABETH SCHOTTER

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