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The DNA inside a cell
- The DNA is a long molecule that is about a millimeter long.
- While humans have 46 chromosomes, plants and animals are complex organisms which can contain 50 to 100 thousand genes on many different chromosomes.
- The DNA of such organisms are twisted around bead-shaped proteins called histones. They are coiled tightly to form chromosomes that are located in the nucleus of the cell.
- Every time a cell reproduces the DNA gets copied and distributed to each offspring.
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Building A Protein
If we equate DNA as the master blueprint, we could then say that a protein is the house. There are many involved in this process such as the messenger RNA which is the working copy of the DNA, the cytoplasm, amino acids
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DNA Replication Process
- For the replication process to occur, it is highly dependent on whether the cells are prokaryotic or if it's a eukaryote. Regardless of where it happens, the DNA replication process is the same.
- The DNA is shaped like a double helix that runs in opposite directio...
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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
The two major stages in making a protein: transcription and translation.
When a cell makes a copy of the DNA, it's then called the RNA since it uses a different type of nucleic acid which is ribonucleic acid. The RNA is used in translation...
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The Progressors of DNA
- Friedrich Meischer - originally discovered nucleic acids in 1868
- Oswald Avery and his colleagues - proved that DNA contained information by experimenting with bacteria in 1943
- Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
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DNA Structure
- The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a pattern made up of four different parts called nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose) bound on one side to a phosphate group and bound on the other side to a ni...
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How the DNA Operates
- The DNA carries the instructions on making protein, which is basically the determinant for our physical characteristics.
- A protein is basically made up of a lot of amino acids and it has many functions from aiding digestion to making antibodies for the immune syst...
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