<ul><li>Oranges get all the glory for packing a vitamin C punch, but a cup-size serving of broccoli provides 18 grams more than you’d get from a whole orange.</li><li>Pilgrims are responsible for apples in America. They planted the first U.S. apple trees in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.</li><li>Most grapes end up as wine. Only 12 per cent of grapes are intended to be eaten fresh.</li><li>Orange peppers are the best choice to protect your eyes. This is because peppers have about ten times the amount of two carotenoids that support eye health.</li></ul>

Fruity facts

<ul><li>McDonald’s isn’t the oldest fast-food chain. The first fast-food burger chain was actually White Castle, which was founded in Kansas in 1921.</li><li>McDonald’s chicken nuggets were originally created in the 1980s with input from chef René Arend, who cooked for Queen Elizabeth II and the king of Belgium, among others.</li></ul>

Fast food 

<ul><li>Around 66 per cent of Americans like their toast lightly toasted.</li><li>Lasagna actually originated in Greece. Lasagna made its way to Italy by way of Roman conquerors.</li><li>Only twenty per cent of Americans take their morning coffee black.</li><li>Milk chocolate reigns supreme but dark chocolate is starting to close the gap because of its health benefits of dark chocolate.</li><li>One of the sweetest American traditions started with sugar cookies, made and sold door to door by Girls Scouts.</li></ul>

Food facts

The spices in chai tea vary, but sweet, spicy cinnamon is a must. Strongly brewed tea provides the basis for this robust drink, containing cream, milk, and spices. Spices are typically a warming mix of cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, cloves, and pepper. Sweetness is essential for bringing out the spices’ full flavours. Bubble tea is around 40 years old. The tea is mixed with milk or fruit and topped with tapioca pearls.

Tea 

Stashed ideas

Food Facts You'll Want to Know

The Oxford English Dictionary defines the backyard barbecue staple as “a flat, round cake of minced beef, fried or grilled and typically served in a bread roll garnished with various condiments.” One thing that generally doesn’t make the ingredients list? Ham. This begs the question: Why is a hamburger called a hamburger if there isn’t any ham in it?

The Hamburger

There’s no clear reason as to why a hamburger is called a hamburger, but our best guess is right in the name: The origins can be traced back to Hamburg, Germany. As Europeans began to immigrate to the United States en masse in the 18th and 19th centuries, they brought with them their favourite foods, including Hamburg steaks, or fried patties of <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/best-cuts-of-beef/">minced beef</a> and <a href="https://www.rd.com/article/why-onions-make-you-cry/">chopped onions</a> that were bound together with eggs, bread crumbs, and mild spices.

The Hamburg In The Hamburger

Were the inventors actually brothers Frank and Charles Menches, who placed a beef patty between two slices of bread at a county fair in Hamburg, New York, in 1885?  Or was it Oscar Weber Bilby, who first sandwiched a patty in a bun in 1891 in Tulsa, Oklahoma?  Perhaps the idea belongs to all of them. No matter who originally came up with the sandwiched patty, the national love affair with the hamburger thrives to this day, with burgers being about as American as it gets.

The Invention Of The Hamburger

While we can’t say for sure why a hamburger is called a hamburger, beef burgers are still called hamburgers, even though there’s no ham in them. The term “Hamburg” influenced the modern food’s name, perhaps because Hamburg steak so closely resembles the beef patty, so every burger is considered a hamburger, including those with meatless patties.

Hamburger Is A Name For Any Burger

In the 18th century, on the rainy isle known as England, the Earl of Sandwich ordered his cook to serve him meat placed within slices of bread so that he didn’t have to abandon his duties for a meal. And so the sandwich was born.  Why is a burger not a sandwich? There are many subtle differences between the two (like the type of bread used and the way the bread is cut), not the least of which is the filling. A burger will always contain one or more grilled patties of ground food—meat or vegetables or faux meat—and will always be circular.

Comparisons With The Sandwich

The iconic hamburger has a rich international history that's still up for debate.

Why is a hamburger called a hamburger? It's traveled around the world to get to where it is today, with a name to remind us of its origins.

Why Is It Called a Hamburger If There’s No Ham?

Delegation sometimes feels like it will take more time, energy, and focus than just doing the project yourself. However, delegating is important as we want our teammates to be successful when they pick up bigger, visible projects. This requires some planning and ongoing support from us as managers. Because we want our teammates to succeed, delegation becomes an art, not a science. To delegate effectively, you’ll need to prepare in a way that fits the project, context, and person.

Tailored delegation 

Describe in one sentence the outcome you want to see for this project. This will help crystallize it for your teammate. Don't describe your idea for a solution or a step-by-step process of the "how." It's important that the person you're delegating to choose their own method. Set your teammate up for success with some tips:<ul><li>Who can your teammate talk to for helpful info?</li><li>What are the big pitfalls to avoid?</li><li>What big lessons have you learned from a similar project?</li></ul>

Project goal

The prep work to delegate tasks will help to create a safety net for your teammate and result in less work for you over time. However, you still need to protect your energy and time.  In the delegation template, finish these sentences:<ul><li>I will support you by…</li><li>You should reach out to me when…</li><li>This will be a success when…</li></ul>

Clarity and support for your teammate

Get very clear on 2 - 5 actions you'll take to support your teammate while working on the project. Each type of support should start with a verb like, "Reading and giving you feedback on ..." <ul><li>Include what work you are not going to do.</li><li>Identify which tasks you might have done in the past for this project that will now be fully your teammates' responsibility.</li></ul> Telling your teammate what you won't be doing for this project can create as much clarity for them as what you will be doing to support them.

I will support you by…

Sometimes people will sit for days because they’re not sure if it’s okay to ask you for help something. Make it easy for your teammate to know when and how to reach out to you. Specify which medium you prefer and what the trigger might be for them to reach out. This will help create some boundaries while encouraging the teammate to work some things out independently.

You should reach out to me when…

Your success metric will help your teammate know when the project is complete. The success metric should be time-boxed and not subjective. Tell your teammate that you expect the project to be a stretch for them, but that's the point. You trust that they're capable and that they will let you know if they get stuck.

This will be a success when…

When managers get to the “Delegate these tasks” quadrant of the Eisenhower matrix, they can hit a big mental roadblock. Delegation sometimes feels like it will require more of your time, energy, and focus than just doing the project yourself!



Delegation is an art, not a science

Integrating innovation throughout a company is crucial to ensure a continuous flow of creative and actionable ideas. This requires the existence of a formal innovation network that sits alongside the execution engine and supports and incentivises the involvement of middle management. 
While they are the oft-forgotten foot soldiers of innovation, they play a key role in championing and channelling promising ideas to implementation.

Building a Support Network to Implement Promising Ideas

Creation needs to take place across the company. Innovation is often just defined as R&D. But that’s not enough; it’s important to involve everyone in the innovation process and make it accessible across the company.
Integration is the process by which the dispersed innovating capabilities and resources within a firm are brought together into a corporate-wide innovating capability.

Creation And Integration

The integration process encompasses two main elements: “connecting the dots” between all the new ideas that are springing up from around the organisation; and selecting, channelling and testing those ideas and deciding whether they are worthy of implementation.

The Process Of Integration

<ul>
<li>Senior leaders must face the reality of an increasingly uncertain business environment, so they naturally recognise the need for continuous innovation.</li>
<li>Frontline employees are interacting with customers and their issues on a daily basis, so they, too, fully grasp the need for innovation.</li>
<li>Middle managers are typically focused on the execution engine, which means they can often be detached from the pressures to innovate, even seeing time spent on innovation as an unwelcome distraction from day-to-day objectives.</li>
</ul>

The Role Of Middle Managers

Middle managers are a vital part of innovation, without them, innovation is lost.
It is middle managers who have the power to give employees the time and motivation to innovate. And it is the middle managers who can make sure that any ideas generated are refined, filtered and, if worthwhile, brought to the attention of senior leaders.

The Importance Of Middle Managers

This cross-company innovation framework at Bayer is supported by WeSolve, a digital platform that allows all employees to post any challenges or problems they are facing. Issues submitted can range from a frontline worker in Spain trying to help farmers monitor pesticide levels, to a manager in India asking for brand name suggestions for a new product. 
The critical part is that any employee from any department, regardless of job title or training, can visit the forum and post potential solutions to any challenge.

Making Innovation Accessible: Bayer Example

The importance of building a support network to implement promising ideas.

Middle Managers: The Forgotten Heroes of Innovation

When you think about our colleagues, whether they are peers or people you manage, how many of them can be trusted to follow through when they say they will do something? Reliability is important in any organisation, especially in a startup. You need people who you can count on and who will follow through. You want a one-to-one ratio between say and do. But when people have a lopsided do-to-say ratio, the slow responses and the need for follow-ups can make business slower than it needs to be.

The do-to say ratio

Reliability is the centre of what it means to be a team player. It acknowledges that everyone relies on one another to achieve a goal. The employees who say, "I'm on it", and mean it, are worth gold if you can get them on your team. They are willing to own the responsibility for following through.

Reliable people are worth gold

Improving your do-to-say ratio helps to build a reputation that will lead to more promotions. It requires you to be diligent about your to-do list. Make a note to yourself on what you have to deliver, and when it has to be done.

How to improve your do-to-say ratio

The right balance is heavy on follow-through and reliability. Those who have it will go further in life.

How good is your do-to-say ratio?

Learning front-end development can feel overwhelming as there are so many resources and tools and not enough time.&nbsp;One of the biggest concerns is how one goes from no knowledge in front-end development to a job in the field. However, motivation and persistence are more important regardless of what courses you use. Therefore, the question is not which courses are the best, but which ones help you stay motivated.

What to study and where

<ul><li>YouTube first. Jake Wright’s Learn HTML in 12 Minutes, followed by Learn CSS in 12 Minutes are good first web development tutorials for beginners.</li><li>The Web Developer Bootcamp — Colt Steele. This is one of Udemy’s most popular web development courses.</li><li>FreeCodeCamp.org . The curriculum covers all you need to learn modern development.</li><li>JavaScript 30 — Wes Bos. Each of the projects can become a reference.</li><li>Lynda.com and Treehouse. Take advantage of the free trials and do a bunch of courses.</li><li>Learn Enough Command Line to Be Dangerous — Michael Hartl is a short tutorial to demystify the command line.</li></ul>

Useful resources

<ul><li>JavaScript and React for Developers — Cassidy Williams. Cassidy is a very knowledgeable instructor and her style is enjoyable to learn with.</li><li>Front-End Web Developer Nanodegree (FEND) — Udacity. The course is of excellent quality. The projects are challenging and fascinating. The highly engaged community is the best thing about the course.</li></ul>

More useful resources

Courses and tutorials are great, but on their own they aren't enough. There are plenty of other essential tools to succeed.<ul><li>Social tools. Twitter can put you in touch with professionals and learners and be a constant source of material and resources - for example communities of freeCodeCamp, #100DaysOfCode, and #CodeNewbie.</li><li>GitHub is the cornerstone of your work as a programmer.</li><li>Build a portfolio to show your work.</li><li>Build things on your own. It's not important what you build, but that you build as you will learn from it.</li></ul>

Beyond courses: the cornerstones of success

Here are some excellent resources:&nbsp;<ul><li>Command Line Heroes — Red Hat Podcast&nbsp;</li><li>Base.cs — Computer science podcast with Vaidehi Joshi&nbsp;</li><li>Syntax.fm — Wes Bos and Scott Tolinski podcast&nbsp;</li><li>CodeNewbie — Saron Yitbarek podcast&nbsp;</li><li>FreeCodeCamp Medium publication&nbsp;</li><li>Hacker Noon articles&nbsp;</li><li>Smashing Magazine — CSS articles&nbsp;</li><li>CSS-Tricks&nbsp;</li><li>Newsletters: JavaScript Weekly and Frontend Focus.&nbsp;</li><li>Crash Course: Computer Science — YouTube series&nbsp;</li><li>CS50 — YouTube videos of CS Harvard lectures&nbsp;</li></ul>

Podcasts, articles, talks, meetups

Learning front-end development can be a bit overwhelming at times. There are so many resources and tools, and so little time. What should you pick? And what should you focus on? In my previous…

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Briana Kelly
@brikel

Food Facts You'll Want to Know

Why Is It Called a Hamburger If There’s No Ham?

Delegation is an art, not a science

Middle Managers: The Forgotten Heroes of Innovation

How good is your do-to-say ratio?

Bite-sized knowledgeto upgradeyour career

Briana Kelly@brikel

Food Facts You'll Want to Know

Why Is It Called a Hamburger If There’s No Ham?

Delegation is an art, not a science

Middle Managers: The Forgotten Heroes of Innovation

How good is your do-to-say ratio?

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Briana Kelly
@brikel