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What is a Failed State?
- A failed state is a state that is unable to perform its key role of ensuring domestic order by monopolizing the use of force within its territory.
- Cambodia, Haiti, Rwanda, Liberia, and Somalia are examples of failed states in recent years.
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Problems with failed states
- Failed states are no longer able to operate as viable political units, in that they lack a credible system of law and order, often being gripped by civil war or warlordism.
- They are also no longer able to operate as viable economic units, in that they are incapable of providing for their citizens and have no functioning infrastructure.
- While few failed states are already collapsed altogether, a much larger number barely function and are dangerously close to collapse.
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Federalism
- Federalism shares a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning ‘pact’, or ‘covenant’.
- Federalism refers to legal and political structures that distribute power between two distinct levels of government, neither of which is subordinate to the other.
- The central feature of federalism is, therefore, the principle of shared sovereignty.
- USA, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, and Australia are some examples of classic federalism.
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#UPSC #IAS #UPSCPrelims #UPSCMains #Interview #CivilServicesExam #UPSC2023
CURATOR'S NOTE
Understanding global politics.
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