Over 100 years ago, Charles Spearman made discoveries about human intelligence. One is that the general factor of intelligence (g-factor) conforms to the principle of the "indifference of the indicator," meaning that regardless of what test of intelligence you use, as long as the...

We all know people who consistently display ethically, morally and socially unreasonable behavior. Personality psychologists refer to these characteristics as "dark traits."

Researchers emphasize that these dark traits are related to each other, so they suggest that a D-fa...

• Those who score high on the D-factor aren't always uncooperative, as they can be very strategic in choosing when to cooperate.
• Those scoring high on the D-factor will not be motivated to help others in need without it benefiting themselves.

• Egoism. Excessive concern with one's own advantage at the expense of the wellbeing of others.
• Machiavellianism. A callous person that's so focused on their own interests that they will manipulate and deceive to get what they want.
• ...

The more you agree with multiple items on this scale, the higher the likelihood you would score high on the D-factor. If you are strong on just one item, you probably will not score high on the D-factor:

1. It is hard to get ahead without cutting corners here and there.
2. ...