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Generally, scientists occupy themselves with their longstanding research programs that follow previous ones.
But, this pattern can be disrupted by unexpected breakthroughs as a result of novel experimental findings. Anomalous experimental results lead to a surge in publications about possible interpretations and implications.
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The question is: how much time should a scientist dedicate to revising research goals instead of pursuing past interests?
Too little time of brainstorming might lead to inconsequential research directions full of dead ends and stagnation. Spending too much time on planning can lead to conflicting considerations that could lead to procrastination. In order to discover something unexpected, it is necessary to take risks.
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Since it is unclear in advance which research direction will yield results, scientific progress needs independent explorers. Sometimes a conventional path leads to an unexpected breakthrough, but more often, a traditional path leads to a traditional result.
Following new paths bring fresh opportunity for discovering hidden treasures.
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According to philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, humor is derived from a sudden unmatching or unexpected outcome of an event, which had in our minds a specific expectation. This causes a mild ‘violation’ in our minds, which creates the humor.
In a series of experiments, it was found that the greater the ‘violation of the expected outcome’ the greater the humor feels. It also found that certain non-words, which are a combination of letter strings (like digifin, or artorts) but have no dictionary meaning, are the most consistent in their funniness rating.
Non-words with low entropy(the extent of them being unexpected) seem to offer more surprise, and therefore, get a higher humor rating.
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Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung put forth some of the most well-known theories of dreaming.
Recent studies suggest we employ the same neurophysiological mechanisms while dreaming that we use to construct and recall memories while we are awake.
Studies also found that vivid, bizarre and emotionally intense dreams are linked to parts of the amygdala and hippocampus. The amygdala plays a key role in processing and memory of emotional reactions. The hippocampus is implicated in important memory functions, such as the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory.
Dreams seem to help us to process emotions by constructing memories of them. The experience in our dreams may not be real, but the emotions we experience are real.
Our dream stories try to strip emotion out of some experiences by creating a memory of it. This mechanism seems to fulfil an important role because it helps us process our emotions.
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Studies show that more than ninety percent of professionals surveyed admitted that they had experienced disrespectful e-mails at work.
Rude e-mails are on the rise. The e-mail may ...
Electronic communication is efficient, but it's detached. Sitting at a computer screen, the need for tact and a respectful tone disappears.
With remote work on the rise, the use of electronic communication has allowed incivility to thrive.