• Ad-Hoc: consumer crowdsourcing and crowd-sending intensity is limited and interactions are focused on the brand's core product
• Capitalizing: intense consumer crowdsourcing  while integrating value creation
• Catalyzing

Crowdsourcing refers to consumers drawing value from platform participants like the brand, other consumers, or third-party businesses.

Just like anything else in the industry, brand flagship platforms show the risk of dilution of the core brand due to the inclusivity of third parties, platform hijacking through consumers, and high operational costs.