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To study the influence of microgravity, radiation and confinement in long-duration spaceflight, NASA selected twins Scott and Mark Kelly for a unique mission. Scott went to space while Mark was chosen as the control to stay on earth for comparison.
The one year long space mission spanned across March 27, 2015 till March 1, 2016.
Although, biological changes were seen across varying aspects, most of them reverted back to preflight state after a few months.
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NASA conducted a study to assess the biological effects that long term space exploration can have on humans.
The study was done on a pair of twin astronauts, one on earth as a control and the other after a 1 year long space mission.
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This study was in no way conclusive or predictive, because of the very small sample size(just one pair of twins), a short study period, just to name a couple of reasons.
However, it has given an idea of potential changes to be expected and a foundation for upcoming research in the field of ...
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Under stressful situations, normally, there is a change in genetic expression.
Accordingly there were changes, but, the unexpected finding was that, these changes in gene expressions, seemed to have accelerated(6 times more) during the latter 6 months of the mission.
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Telomeres, are the “caps” that protect the ends of DNA strands.
On Earth, these telomeres get depleted over the course of a person’s lifetime as each round of DNA replication wears away at them.
However, in space, the findings were contradictory to what the scientists were expecting....
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A decline in cognitive efficiency was reported.
NASA had prepared a set of questions to assess various mental state and cognition.
Upon return, even though Scott’s in-flight measures were stable, his “cognitive efficiency,” or his speed and accuracy in completi...
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His gut microbiome showed altered bacterial proportions, although the overall bacterial diversity was intact.
Several proteins also changed during the spaceflight.
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CURATED FROM
smithsonianmag.com
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A medical student who is interested in the comings and goings of the universe.
Deep space exploration is something which scientists have been aiming for, for a long time. However, among many other technical limitations and complications, biological limitations are also a factor.
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In 2015, Nasa sent Scott Kelly to space and left Mark Kelly, his twin brother, on Earth. The experiment helped them determine that, due to the lack of stress on the skeleton, a person loses ~1% of their bone density after one month in space. For comparison, an average person aged...
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