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How Different Psychologists Have Evaluated Intelligence
There is no standard definition of intelligence
Present approaches suggest that intelligence means having the capacity to:
- Learn from experience: this relates to the acquisition, retention, and use of knowledge.
- Identify problems: to use your knowledge, you should have the ability to identify possible problems that need to be approached and solved.
- Solve problems: you need to be able to use what you have learned to come up with a proper solution to the problems you have identified.
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SIMILAR ARTICLES & IDEAS:
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Key Ideas
Learning theories
Learning theories develop hypotheses that describe how learning takes place.
The major theories of learning are the following:
- behaviorist theories
- co...
Behaviorism theories
The behaviorist perspectives of learning originated in the early 1900s. The main idea of behaviorism is that learning consists of a change in behavior because of obtaining, strengthening and applying associations between input from the world, and observations of the individual.
- Learning is reinforced by exercise and repetition, followed by a positive reward.
- Learning takes place when the right parts of more complex behavior are rewarded.
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology started in the late 1950s and contributed to the move away from behaviorism.
- Instead of viewing people as collections of responses to external stimuli, people are viewed as information processors.
- Cognitive psychology was influenced by the computer that processes information, that became analogous to the human mind.
- Cognitive psychology understands learning as absorbing knowledge, acting on it, and storing it in memory.
- The main teaching methods are lecturing and reading textbooks, where the learner receives knowledge passively.
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Key Ideas
When Psychology Became A Separate Scientific Discipline
When psychology developed as a science that was separate from biology and philosophy, they did not know how to describe the human mind and behaviour.
Different schools of psychology...
Psychology: Early Schools of Thought
- Structuralism was the first school of thought and focused on breaking down mental processes into their most basic elements using techniques such as introspection. Major thinkers are Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener.
- Functionalism formed as a reaction to the theories of structuralism and focused on the role that the mental processes play instead of the mental processes themselves. Thinkers associated with this outlook include John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr.
Gestalt Psychology
- This school of psychology is based on the idea that we experience things as unified wholes.
- The approach started in the late 19th century in response to the molecular approach of structuralism.
- Instead of breaking down thoughts and behaviour to their smallest parts, the gestalt psychologists believed you should view the whole of experience.
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Key Ideas
Emotional Intelligence( EQ/EI)
Is the measure of an individual’s abilities to recognise and manage their emotions, and the emotions of other people, both individually and in groups.
Benefits of a higher EQ
- Ease in forming and maintaining interpersonal relationships and in ‘fitting in’ to group situations.
- A better understanding one's own psychological state, which can include managing stress effectively and being less likely to suffer from depression.
IQ and EQ
There is no correlation between IQ and EQ scores.
IQ has no connection with how people understand and deal with their emotions and the emotions of others (EQ).
You simply can’t predict emotional intelligence based on how smart someone is.