Three types of expectations

• Foreseeable expectations are those which we assume others will know based on our interpersonal relationship with them and feel offended when we see it is breached.
• Reciprocity expectation is a hope that our favors and kind deeds towards someone are repaid by them.

Taking offence is an experience of negative emotions triggered by a word or deed which conflicts with what is expected or believed to be correct, suitable, moral and acceptable behaviour.

This feeling of being offended is deeply rooted in our expectations, which are usually f...

We cannot even understand ourselves, so it is futile to think that we can fully understand other people.

• Normally, we would not do something inconsistent with our values and goals, so we cannot demand others to fulfill our expectations if it is not consistent with th...