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How to practice effectively
The importance of consistency
How to immerse yourself in the language
Healthy skepticism
Healthy skepticism does not mean you’re dismissing everything as false — it simply means remembering the things you hear or read in the media could be false, but they could also be true. Or they could be something in between.
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The halo effect
Is a cognitive bias that makes our feeling towards someone affect how we judge their claims. If we dislike someone, we are a lot more likely to disagree with them; if we like them, we are biased to agree.
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Correlation and causation
Correlation does not equal causality.
Ithere is a rise in violent crime in your area and it’s being blamed on gang activity, or if a politician is credited with creating a low unemployment rate, take a wider view and look into the other contributing factors. It’s important to remember that ...
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Cherry-picking information
Confirmation bias, means we’re more likely to notice stories or facts that fit what we already believe (or want to believe). So, when you search for information, you should not disregard the information that goes against whatever opinion you might have in advance.
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Find out who is making the claim
When you encounter a new claim, look for conflicts of interest. Ask: Do they stand to profit from what they say? Are they affiliated with an organization that could be swaying them? Other questions to consider: What makes the writer or speaker qualified to comment on the topic? What statements ha...
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Advice For Reading Scientific Studies
When we read scientific studies, it helps to keep in mind the following:
- Scientists are prone to error just like everyone else.
- Single source claims are dubious.
- There is a lot we don’t know.
- We should not be biased towards a particular outcome.
- In...
Studies on The Zeigarnik Effect
The Zeigarnik Effect states that we remember unfinished and incomplete tasks much better than completed tasks. Things remain in our mind due to their being incomplete.
There are several studies that have failed to replicate Zeigarnik’s experiment. But this does not mean...
Skepticism rejects the false hope for easy answers
The Roman Sextus Empiricus further developed the idea of Skepticism. He thought everything we claim to know was open to doubt and added that there could be no possible way to resolve this challenge. For Sextus, both opinions are equally v...
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