The acquisition-learning distinction is perhaps one of the more fundamental hypotheses when it comes to second language studies. It maintains that adults have two distinct and independent ways of developing competence in a second language.

THE ACQUISITION-LEARNING DISTINCTION IN SECOND LANGUAGE

The first way is language acquisition. Languageacquisition is a subconscious process; language acquirers are not usually aware of the fact that they are acquiring language, but are only aware of the fact that they are using the language for communication.The result of language acquisition, acquired competence, is also subconscious.We are generally not consciously aware of the rules of the languages we have acquired. Instead, we have a "feel" for correctness.Grammatical sentences "sound" right, or "feel" right, and errors feel wrong, even if we do not consciously know what rule was violated.

Acquisition

The second way to develop competence in a second language is by language learning. The term "learning" is used to refer to conscious knowledge of a second language, knowing the rules, being aware of them, and being able to talk about them. In non-technical terms, learning is "knowing about" a language, known to most people as "grammar", or "rules". Some synonyms include formal knowledge of a language, or explicit learning.

Learning

The present volume examines the relationship between second language practice and what is known about the process of second language acquisition, summarising the current state of second language acquisition theory, drawing general conclusions about its application to methods and materials and describing what characteristics effective materials should have. The author concludes that a solution to language teaching lies not so much in expensive equipment, exotic new methods, or sophisticated language analysis, but rather in the full utilisation of the most important resources - native speakers of the language - in real communication.

education

Learning & Education

communication

Communication

Stephen D. Krashen

Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition

We know, you are here and reading this right now! For one reason only and that is to improve you are life.In this Top 10 core habits - that one must know in order to become successful in life. We will talked about these Top 10 core habits in depth. We hope you are, life will change completely after reading this list.And also do leave us a comment below and tell us what point you loved the most and also do share with you are a friend who has to read this! Thank you! for giving you are precious time to us.

Human beings are emotional creatures- we need emotion to connect with other people but at times it also comes with drawbacks. And that is, we sometimes get carried away with the emotion. It could be angrier, sadness, fear and so on. It is during this time, that we must learn to stand and defend our own self to stop that emotion from ruining our own life.

Stop Listening To Your Emotion

The best way to control emotion is not to flow along with it. You must realize that emotional feeling is not part of the conscious mind. It is a byproduct of our unconscious mind aka the subconscious mind. Think about the consequence, before you act or react at any time.

Our unconscious thoughts have a profound effect on our mindset and also our behavior. We act and react based on the information that goes into our minds. When you think negative thoughts - negative events occur more often. You don't have to feel surprised at these. That is how things work- there is one beautiful saying "Garbage in - Garbage out " and that is how our thoughts work - good thoughts in - good thoughts out - Bad thoughts in - bad thoughts out. So, always be aware of your thoughts.

 You become what you think about the whole day long

Our real education in life begins after school. In school, we are not taught, on overcoming real-life situations. And that is why we have to rely on self-education. Some of the, greatest life lessons that I have learned came from self-education, not from school education. How to create a business? How to be financially independent, so on.

Self-education is the best, education that you can give to yours

One of the worst sins, we all commit at some point of time in our life is. We think if we would have luck then we would have achieved our dreams. But in reality luck or lucky star never really exist. You get luckier, when you endure pain, when you keep working hard on your goals, even if it get's hard - even if sometimes you feel like giving up - If you look for luck or to get luckier you will lose hope in life soon or later because it does not exist.

There is not just thing call luck or lucky star 

Sometimes you feel bored, sometimes you will feel like giving up when things are not working the way you want. That is the time when you got to push harder than before - successful people have a habit of doing the boring thing again and again. Even if, they feel bore - cause, they know - if they skip even one day - they are going backward not forward.

 A person who never gives up is the person who can achieve 

The obstacle is away is an awesome book written by Ryan Holiday - which tells you that you must learn to find a way through obstacles - through obstacles only we grow into the person that we want to be. Remember " Quitter never win, the winner never quite"

When we embrace change- we are growing, But when we refuse to embrace the change. We stop growing because change is inevitable. Stoic Philosopher once said " Ignore what you can't change and accept what you can change" And in life, we will come across many things we will not be able to change- and for that reason - we must embrace the change -Think, of this for a second. Can you go back to your childhood, if you are 30 years old now? No way! Right - so, what do you do then? You embrace the change. And move on in life.

Always embrace the change

At one point in time, we realize that we can't get back the lost time. While, when we are young it is really hard to digest this fact. As we get older, we begin to realize that - time is a non-renewable resource. You can get back the lost opportunity. But, you can't get back the lost time. It is actually good, now you will work harder, you will no longer feel like wasting your precious time.

Your time is your valuable asset

When you are living in past, you are actually playing back the past story over again and again. It means, if you are past was bad then you are bringing back bad things again and again and only to make you are self feel worst each day. When you go out of the trap of living in past. You are having more control over you are own self. And you will also feel good, not bad.

Always live in the present someday you gonna be right!

At the end, of the day you must be realized that is you are past is dead and the future is a road cover with fog. That you can't see through. You can't change the past, but you can change the present and that can change the future.

"It does not matter where you come from, it only matters, where you end up" - Anonymous

London Taxi drivers had to remember the routes of London streets in order to qualify for the taxi driving license. An interesting fact has come up when a researcher scans the Taxi driver's brain on and before obtaining the taxi driving license.

Remember "You can become what you want to be only when you work 

Hippocampus is a part of the brain and is responsible for learning and memory actually increased in size when the Taxi drivers used that part of the brain to remember the routes of London streets. It has been found that their brain shrink back to normal when they stop using that part of the brain after retiring as a taxi driver.

Pain is temporary, regret is permanent and forever. Why? would you want to avoid pain, when you know that pain is a teacher? When you know that it will help you grow into the person that you want to be. When you know that you will not stay forever. Someone said it so well - "Pain will leave you, once it is done teaching you"

Avoiding pain is the worst mistake one can make in life.

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

habits

Habits

Top 10 core habits - one must know, in order to become successful in life   

Do you struggle with knowing your value and worth? Well, unfortunately when you don’t know your worth you experience less than God’s best for your life. Low self-esteem and unrecognized worth tend to lead to bad relationships, the inability to reach your potential, bad decision making, unhappiness and a host of other problems. Yet, these traps created by the enemy can be avoided when you began to recognize your value and your true worth.  When you know who you are and see yourself as God sees you, then you naturally begin to operate differently.  <a class="idea-content-link" href="https://52.44.123.239/its-time-to-update-your-mind/">change your mindset </a>

You’ve Got to Know Your Worth

The easiest way to determine your worth is by determining how much someone would pay for you.  I know it sounds crazy, but stick with me.  In our society price tags tend to determine value.  So what is your price tag? Now before you begin to pull out your mental calculator let me set your mind at ease.  You’re priceless.  There is no number you can come up with that amounts to the value that you are worth.  And this is because no price can be put on the One who gave His life to purchase you.

How Do You Determine Your Worth?

The main reason you don’t know your true worth is because the enemy, the devil, doesn’t want you to know it.  Because individuals who know their true value and worth in Christ automatically become a threat to him.  They become less susceptible to the lies and traps he tries to ensnare them in.  Which is why he works over time to try to get you to devalue yourself and to not recognize your worth, and he does it in two different ways.

Why You Don’t Know Your Worth?

Why you must know your worth plus FREE DOWNLOAD. Knowing your worth results in better relationships, the ability to reach your potential, better decision making, happiness, and so much more.

religionandspirituality

Religion & Spirituality

5 Reasons Why You Must Know Your Worth

Don’t let misunderstandings diminish the negotiation process. Be as organized as possible with what you want.<ul><li>The person with whom you’re negotiating will likely be impressed with your organization, and they’ll also appreciate the fact that you aren’t there to waste their time. </li><li>Do your best to paint a picture of what you want and establish your goal to reach an agreement first thing at the negotiation table.</li></ul>

Clarify Assumptions

In negotiation theory, a fallback plan is referred to as a BATNA, or ‘best alternative to a negotiated agreement.’ If you can’t get exactly what you want, you should know what alternatives there are. This puts you in a more powerful position in the negotiation and will help you not be let down when a deal doesn’t happen.

Establish a fallback position (BATNA)

Use the other person’s words at the bargaining table. Knowing the general personality traits of whom you are negotiating will make it so much easier, and skilled negotiators are masters at using other people’s words to persuade them into a deal.Are you unfamiliar with the negotiator on the other side of the table? It’s easy to get a feel for someone you work with every day, but someone from a different country speaking a different language is another bear of investigation to tackle.

Speak the other person’s language

A big part of facing problems is properly identifying them.You should still use neutral wording in your negotiating to avoid creating conflict. Yes, the problem needs to be addressed, but without negativity or over-angst.

Face problems head-on

Don’t necessarily treat a stalemate as the end, consider it a temporary impasse and a chance to “take a breather.”Negotiating can often end in a stalemate where both parties make a sacrifice to reach a successful end agreement, but ultimately end up in a deadlock.

Embrace the stalemate

There is a misconception that listening too much will make you look like a pushover and lead to being taken advantage of, but strategic negotiation stems from listening to the other side closely and inputting your first offer at the perfect time much like a quick jab in a boxing match.

Listen open-mindedly

Business success requires that you emit a vibration that emulates your personality and what you stand for. Nobody wants to do business with a robot, so it’s important to be who you are, and radiate your energy when making the deal. The opposing negotiator most likely wants to know you better as a person, and they’ll more likely be more lenient in dealing with you if you are putting off friendly vibes.

Radiate energy

It’s okay to point out things you like in the person you’re negotiating with. You obviously don’t want the other party involved to think you’re ‘buttering them up,’ but what are you doing if you’re doing business with somebody you don’t like?Showing that you’re willing to acknowledge the positives in the other person and their position can help build trust and strengthen your position.

Express sincere praise

In a business argument, there are always points where both parties agree to disagree. The important part is highlighting areas where both parties both want to be in on the action and capitalizing on it.The advantage of finding commonalities within the deal is that it will ease the other party into even more agreements down the road. Focusing on disagreement is a negative aspect of business negotiation that likely won’t get you far.

Acknowledge agreement

<h4>You can’t go into a negotiation without a goal, and proving the validity of that goal is what it’s all about. Few negotiators will agree with you without concrete evidence, so that means you’ve got to bring some cards to the table to highly influence your success.</h4>

Prove your point

Come to the table with multiple deals in mind, because you can quickly add details to the deal when the opposing side starts agreeing with you.
Win-win situations are always ideal, so work out all of those side details before you start negotiating, and if you can help the other side come out on top also — now that’s the sign of a master negotiator.

Cluster agreements

Clarification is huge in business deals, so asking lots of questions is a must. Specifically, start with easy and friendly ‘softball’ questions like what they want to eat during the meeting or how long they’ve been at their current position, and then quickly transition to the big important ‘hardball’ questions like “How do you feel about investing 500 thousand dollars in our business?”
When you start with a simple and easy question, it sets a tone for bigger questions to come out more casually.

Repeat questions

<ul>
<li>Don’t label people: People generally don’t enjoy having a label put on them, and this especially applies to a business situation. </li>
<li>No apologies necessary: Don’t say sorry in business negotiation because it makes you look like you’re either trying to take advantage or simply not cut out for the deal.</li>
<li>Forget the past: Let the past be. Just remember that any past negotiations don’t matter when working on your new deal. </li>
<li>Don’t speak in absolutes: ‘Always’ and ‘never’ should be used sparingly when negotiating because they end up creating unnecessary conflict and could shut down negotiations. Instead of speaking drastically, speaking hypothetically. Talk about positive aspects that would occur if the deal were to go through, and why you think it’s a good idea to come to a reasonable agreement.</li>
</ul>

Notions to avoid in business negotiation

Business negotiations happen almost every day. Whether it's a discussion between two potential business partners, an employee and a manager discussing a

marketingandsales

Marketing & Sales

Business negotiation strategies to land the perfect deal

𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰.

𝐇𝐚𝐢𝐫

𝐁𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐡𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐚𝐧'𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐧𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐔𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐎𝐃𝐘

Whether you are interrupted to be contradicted or supported, you have the right to finish your point (no more or less than any of your colleagues), so as soon as possible after the interruption, use a statement like these to resume conveying your point:<ul><li>“I’d just like to finish what I was saying to make sure I was clear…”</li><li>“Thank you, Fred. To complete my point, I’d like to say…”</li><li>“One point I want to make sure is understood…”</li></ul>

Complete your point

In your mind, be clear about your intention: not to shame the colleague who interrupted you or act on a grudge, but simply to make your point complete and clear. That requires focusing on responding over reacting. A reaction is instantaneous, like feeling insulted and defensive. A response involves patience and consideration, leading more quickly to corrective action: <ul><li>To keep the focus on insight, not insult, avoid saying things like “Before I was rudely interrupted…” (Believe me, your interrupter will get the message.)</li><li>Don't talk over your interrupter (perhaps louder), as if in a battle to see who backs down first. This tactic creates conflict and competition.</li></ul>

Keep it professional, not personal

Be aware of your colleagues’—and your own—tendency to finish other people’s sentences and the impact of that behavior.

Completing sentences is also interrupting

Sometimes, constant interrupting is a microaggression that may reflect a known or unknown bias. If you experience a pattern of inappropriate dominance, raise the issue in a way that feels most comfortable to you—that may be with your manager or to the person directly.

Elevate and address microaggressions

Women are more often interrupted by men when speaking—a phenomenon that’s true even on the Supreme Court, Justice Sotomayor said last week. 


career

Career

corporateculture

Corporate Culture

4 ways to respond when ‘manterrupted’ at work

Whena customer asks for help it's always a good idea to ask open-ended questions because usually when the customer calls their first thought may be just the tip of the iceberg.

1. Ask open-ended questions

If there is any sort of misunderstanding or something you need clarifying, don't hesitate to ask your customer, but don't forget to listen intently to their tone.  Another thing that you should remember when probing for clarification is that you should never interrupt the customer while they're talking.

2. Probe for clarification

After any discussion that you have with a customer, it's up to you to send out a summary of notes. It's helpful to take down notes while the customer is listening so you can repeat what you've understood from what they've said.

3. Summarize well

This tip is all about what isn't said.  If a customer is explaining a product issue in pretty mild detail but is getting audily workeup up over user feedback, this may indicate where the bigger issue lies.

4. Listen for unvoiced emotion

While listening to a customer sharing their issues, sometimes it's an instant reaction to jump in and begin your defensive strategr. However, instead of doing so it would be better if you let them say their piece so that they can get what they're feeling out of their system. Afterwards, you can start to calmly discuss a solution with them.

5. Let them 'get it out of their system'

One of the biggest threats to active listening is the many distractions that can be found in everyday life -- your phone, email, and corporate messaging platforms.  You should give your customers your full attention.

6. Get rid of distractions

This is a different way to say "try to empathize with the customer." As a CSM, you should be able to understand where the customer is coming from, or at least try to, especially when they are upset.  Through empathizing, you can actually get to the root issue instead of the shallow level of questioning.

7. Stand in their shoes

We've established that empathy is important to CSMs but it should be clear that you can be vocal with your support and empathy. Regardless of whether you're talking through video or an in-person meeting.  Do everything in your power to make your customer feel seen and heard.

8. Empathize verbally or visually

Before rushing in to solve your customer's problem, take a minute to comb through the possible solutions that you can offer them and then discuss this with the customer and your internal team.

9. Wait to solve the problem or solution

Talk to your customer about how they want to proceed with the issue or inquiry. Sometimes, what you or your team offer to the customer could be far off from what they're looking for and just frustrate them.  Therefore, should there be a consensus on both ends with a compromise that everyone is good with, will show how much you value the customer and your team's opinion.

10. Ask how you can help before proposing

As a CSM, you spend countless hours in customer meetings, communicating with customer contacts, and engaging with internal and external resources. There is no d

10 Tips for CSMs to Develop Active Listening Skills | ClientSuccess

What comes to your mind when you hear successful people. Today, in this article we will look into three ingredients that you must have to be successful.Number - 1 (Strong Believe)Number - 2 (Direct your thoughts always towards your goals)Number - 3 (People will help you achieve your goals)

You need these three ingredients to be successful in life

When you have a strong believe, you begin to see a way. When you doubt yourself, you can't see you are way like a fog covering the road in a winter. (Unable to see through) Every successful people have one thing in common that is belief. Not just belief, it is a strong and unshakeable believe that they can do it anyhow. You will need it, if you want to be successful in life than.

Number - 1(Strong Believe): 

You will not find successful are not always thinking about their goals - they always think of their goals through the days/weeks/months/years. The goal here is not to get diverted from the main goal. Imagine, if you are going to New York from Columbia and you get diverted along the way due to some reason.

Number - 2 (Direct your thoughts always towards your goals)

Whom are you going to blame for that. Most people will blame others. Only a handful of people will blame themselves. That is why? You have to keep thinking about your goals always throughout the day. Cause, now - a - days it is very easy to get diverted than ever in a history of mankind. And you already know why?

You can't achieve anything alone. And that is the fact, you have to digest it even if you don't believe me than also. For example, if you want to be a Life Coach, you will have a hard time finding the right people as time move on. You will begin to find all the right people you were looking for in the past begin to show up suddenly, everywhere.

Number - 3 ( People will help you achieved your goals)

Napoleon Hill - an author of Think and Grow Rich has too emphasize these point. These people could be anyone- if could be you are a family member, it could be you are friends. Don't worry! If you don't have these people in your life than. They will - one day.

leadershipandmanagement

Leadership & Management

You need these three ingredients to be successful in life  

What we know, from the latest research is that comparison only makes you feel bad about yourself.Most people what they do is that they get trapped in this vicious circle of comparison throughout their life. Without even realizing that they are killing their own self slowly. Because when you are comparing yourself, especially&nbsp;in a negative way&nbsp;you are not growing. My friend you are only making yourself, feel worst. Casey Neistat&nbsp;&nbsp;(Famous YouTuber and Vlogger ) once said "&nbsp;There will be always someone who is&nbsp;better than you - you can only be the hardest working person in the room"

Why Is Negative Comparison Vs Positive Comparison is So Famous? 

On the other side, Positive comparatively - boosts your confidence as it does not lower you are confident because -&nbsp;&nbsp;you are saying those positive words that will make you feel good, not bad. When you make a positive comparison you are finding good things about yourself. You are not finding lack or the things you don't have. You are brain going to work the way you use it - If you search what is bad for you. It's going to give you all sorts of bad things just to prove its point. The same goes for finding good things about yourself.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Let's sum up:-My media company is almost 8 years old and what I have found is that the media company which has started before me has more followers and has more team members, earnings,s and facilities than me.

Here is how my negative comparison will look like I will feel bad that they have all sorts of facilities despite starting from just a few years ago and what next, my confidence will go down and I will give up. On the other side, a&nbsp;positive comparison will not make me feel worse, here is what I am going to say. So, what even if they are newcomers, so what even if, they have all sorts of facilities that I don't&nbsp;have. I have something they don't have that is I am talented, I have experience of many years in this media field. I am hardworking and versatile.

Why Is Negative Comparison Vs Positive Comparison is So Famous?

Death is not the greatest loss in life. The greatest loss is what dies inside us while we live

I'm the one that's got to die when it's time for me to die, so let me live my life the way I want to

It is said that your life flashes before your eyes just before you die. That is true, it's called life

Losing your life is not the worst thing that can happen. The worst thing is to lose your reason for living

No one really knows why they are alive until they know what they'd die for

Death is not the opposite of life, but a part of it

Death is like a mirror in which the true meaning of life is reflected

 Life and death quotes that will positively inspire you

Find 100+ Facts About Communication  - Curated from inspiring sources like Books, Podcasts & Articles - Genuine Insights from like-minded Users like You!

Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition

Top 10 core habits - one must know, in order to become successful in life

5 Reasons Why You Must Know Your Worth

Business negotiation strategies to land the perfect deal

𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐔𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐎𝐃𝐘

4 ways to respond when ‘manterrupted’ at work

10 Tips for CSMs to Develop Active Listening Skills | ClientSuccess

You need these three ingredients to be successful in life

Why Is Negative Comparison Vs Positive Comparison is So Famous?

Life and death quotes that will positively inspire you

It's time to Read like a Pro.

It's time to
Read like a Pro.