It helps you pick the right go-to-market strategy for your business:

• Market Strategy: Is your go-to-market strategy dominant, disruptive, or differentiated?
• Ocean Conditions: Are you in a red- or blue-ocean business?
• Audience: Do you have a top-down or bottom-up marketing strategy?
• Time-to-value: How fast can you showcase value?

Depending on your strategy you can find yourself in one of the 4 categories, which impact your go-to market:

• Dominant strategy: the best solution for the lowest price? Freemium works amazingly well here, but the size of the market needs to be really BIG. 
• Differentiated strategy: the best-customized solution for the highest price to underserved customers. Trials or demo s work best. 
• Disruptive strategy: Do you want to offer the simplest product for the lowest price to over-served customers? Freemium works great. 
• Hybrid strategy

Red-ocean companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of existing demand. As the market gets crowded, growth reduces, products become commodities, & cut-throat competition turns the bloody ocean red.

Blue-ocean companies access untapped market space & create demand, so they have the opportunity for highly profitable growth. In Blue Oceans, competition is irrelevant.

If you’re in a blue ocean & have a quick time-to-value in your product, use a product-led model. However, if your product is complex, start with a sales to educate your audience & create demand.

Traditionally, SaaS products sold to executives at the top. Nowadays, the tables have turned. Products are now cheaper & can be adopted without talking to sales: Slack is a perfect example, spreading organically, starting with one user who invites a colleague, then an entire team.

How Product-Led Growth models fit with selling:

• Freemium & top-down selling. Rarely works, most decision-makers won’t be everyday users of the product
• Freemium/free trial & bottom-up selling. Works if you help your potential buyers use the product
• Free trial & top-down selling. It's a coin toss.

To create a successful product-led business, you need a quick time-to-value. New users need to have a good experience quickly.

There are the 4 types of users:

• Mission Impossible Users. Your user has low motivation & finds it hard to use your product.
• Rookie Users. Your user has high motivation but finds it incredibly difficult to use your product. Maybe they are forced to do it.
• Veteran Users. Your user has low motivation but finds it easy to use your product.
• Spoiled Users. This is the outcome to optimize for. Your user has high motivation and finds it straightforward to use your product.

As in bowling, we need two bumpers to keep our ball out of the gutter. We can use product and conversational bumpers to guide users to a key outcome.

• Product bumpers are mission critical. They help users adopt the product within the application itself. 
• Conversational bumpers work to educate users, bring them back into the application, and eventually upgrade their account.

Common product bumpers:

• Welcome Messages
• Product Tours
• Progress Bars
• Checklists
• Onboarding
• Tooltips
• Empty States

Common conversational bumpers:

• User Onboarding
• Emails
• Push Notifications
• Explainer Videos
• Direct Mail

Product tours are one of the most effective ways to bump users toward experiencing meaningful value in the product:

• Product tours should ask users what they’re trying to accomplish in the product.
• Product tours should cover important step(s) that set users up for success with the product.
• High-performing product tours often use a “focus mode” that strips away unnecessary elements, like the navigation bar, until the user completes the product tour.
• Product tours are typically between three and five steps.