Vladimir Oane's Key Ideas from The Dispossessed
by Ursula K. Le Guin

The story is set in a universe where there are 2 sister planets, which run on completely different ideologies:

• Urras: an Earth-like planet, with many states, the most powerful one described as a capitalist one
• Anarres is an arid planet with an anarchic society: no rulers, no private property, and no government. 

The story follows  Shevek, a brilliant temporal physicist from Anarres. We follow him growing up on Anarres and on a trip to Urras, in a series of alternating chapters. Each chapter is a philosophical exploration of concepts such as freedom, love, or property.

Half of the alternating chapters deal with Shevek growing up on Anarres, becoming a top scientist ... only to discover the utopian anarchy suffers from a lack of innovation, maintaining the status quo with social norms.

Having no chance to develop his theory on Anarres, Shevek travels to capitalist Urras, where science is much more developed and he is treated as a hero. But he soon finds out the regime was simply trying to take advantage of him and use his theories for economic and military benefit. He makes his discoveries available to everyone and escapes back to Anarres.