<ul>
<li>The nature of beauty is a riddle in philosophy, with great figures engaging in trying to understand it, including Plato and Aristotle.</li>
<li>An aesthetic attitude makes the engagement and appreciation of beauty using our senses, like taste, smell, vision or touch.</li>
<li>Beauty can also be accessed in other ways like intellectually and through imagination.</li>
</ul>

The Nature of Beauty

An aesthetic attitude is a state of contemplating a subject with no other purpose than appreciating it. 
Aesthetic appreciation can be carried on by means of the senses (seeing a beautiful scenery, listening to music, etc.), but it's not restricted to just that. We can rejoice, for instance, in imagining a beautiful house that never existed

The Aesthetic Attitude

Beauty becomes varied and subjective as people around the world have different perspectives, based on cultural and personal preferences.
The beauty of anything cannot be compared with one another using only the senses, as there can be no common elements in many things of beauty. An oil painting is beautiful and so is picking flowers in a yellow field. While one is seen through our vision, the other is a combination of vision, experience and other senses like smell.

A Universal Definition of Beauty

Human beings, it seems, are genetically predisposed to desire and appreciate beauty.
Philosophy delves into the fundamental question of the ethics and aesthetics of beauty, as it can be both a pleasure and something of value, due to it being dear to humans.

Beauty And Pleasure

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Updated October 08, 2019
</div>“Beauty itself is but the sensible image of the infinite,” said the U.S. historian <a href="https://www.britannica.com/failedlogin?t=SL" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="noopener" dir="ltr">George Bancroft</a> (1800–1891). The nature of beauty is one of the most fascinating riddles of <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-philosophy-2670737" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2" dir="ltr">philosophy</a>. Is beauty universal? How do we know it? How can we predispose ourselves to embrace it? Nearly every major philosopher has engaged with these questions and their cognates, including the great figures of <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/five-great-schools-ancient-greek-philosophy-2670495" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3" dir="ltr">ancient Greek philosophy</a> such as <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="4" dir="ltr">Plato</a> and <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-life-and-legacy-of-aristotle-112489" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="5" dir="ltr">Aristotle</a>.<h2 dir="ltr"> The Aesthetic Attitude </h2>An&nbsp;aesthetic attitude&nbsp;is a state of contemplating a subject with no other purpose than appreciating it. For most authors, thus, the aesthetic attitude is purposeless: we have no reason to engage in it other than finding aesthetic enjoyment.Aesthetic appreciation can be carried on by means of the senses: looking at a sculpture, trees in bloom, or Manhattan’s skyline; listening to Puccini’s "La bohème;" tasting a mushroom risotto; feeling cool water in a hot day; and so on. However, senses may not be necessary in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude. We can rejoice, for instance, in imagining a beautiful house that never existed or in discovering or grasping the details of a complex theorem in algebra.In principle, thus, the aesthetic attitude can relate to any subject via any possible mode of experience—senses, imagination, intellect, or any combination of these.<h2 dir="ltr"> Is There a Universal Definition of Beauty? </h2>The question arises of whether beauty is universal. Suppose you agree that Michelangelo’s "David" and a Van Gogh self-portrait are beautiful: do such beauties have something in common? Is there a single shared&nbsp;quality, beauty, that we experience in both of them? And is this beauty the very same that one experiences when gazing at the Grand Canyon from its edge or listening to Beethoven’s ninth symphony?If beauty is universal, as for example, <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1" dir="ltr">Plato</a> maintained, it is reasonable to hold that we do not know it through the senses. Indeed, the subjects in question are quite different and are also known in different ways (gaze, hearing, observation). If there is something in common among those subjects, it cannot be what is known through the senses.But, is there really something common to all experiences of beauty? Compare the beauty of an oil painting&nbsp;with that of picking flowers in a Montana field over the summer or surfing a gigantic wave in Hawaii. It seems that these cases have no single common element: not even the feelings or the basic ideas involved seem to match. Similarly, people around the world find different music, visual art, performance, and physical attributes to be beautiful.&nbsp;It’s on the basis of those considerations that many believe that beauty is a label we attach to different sorts of experiences based on a combination of cultural and personal preferences.<h2 dir="ltr"> Beauty and Pleasure </h2>Does beauty necessarily go along with pleasure? Do humans praise beauty because it gives&nbsp;pleasure? s a life dedicated to the quest for beauty one worth living? These are some fundamental questions in philosophy, at the intersection between <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ethics-2670484" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1" dir="ltr">ethics</a> and aesthetics.If on the one hand beauty seems linked to aesthetic pleasure, seeking the former as a means to achieve the latter can lead to egoistic hedonism (self-centered pleasure-seeking for its own sake), the typical symbol of decadence.But beauty can also be regarded as a value, one of the dearest to humans. In Roman Polanski’s movie <a href="https://www.liveabout.com/you-are-an-actor-own-it-16353" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow noopener" dir="ltr">The Pianist</a>, for instance, the protagonist escapes the desolation of WWII by playing a ballade by Chopin. And fine works of art are curated, preserved, and presented as valuable in themselves. There is no question that human beings value, engage with, and desire beauty -- simply because it is beautiful.<h2 dir="ltr"> Sources and Further Information </h2><UL><LI><cite>Eco, Umberto, and Alastair McEwen (eds.). "History of Beauty." New York: Random House, 2010.&nbsp;</cite></LI><LI><cite>Graham, Gordon. "Philosophy of the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetics." 3rd ed. London: Taylor and Francis, 2005.&nbsp;</cite></LI><LI><cite>Santayana, George. "The Sense of Beauty." New York: Routledge, 2002.&nbsp;</cite></LI></UL>

The nature of beauty is one of the most fascinating riddles of philosophy. Is it relative or universal? How do we know beauty?

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<ul><li><a data-href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=1107071669402313&amp;display=popup&amp;href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fhow-do-philosophers-think-about-beauty-2670642%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dshareurlbuttons&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2FfacebookShareRedirect.htm" data-network="facebook" dir="ltr" title="Share on Facebook">Share </a> </li><li><a data-href="https://share.flipboard.com/bookmarklet/popout?v=2&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fhow-do-philosophers-think-about-beauty-2670642%3Futm_source%3Dflipit%26utm_medium%3Dweb%26utm_campaign%3Dwidgets%26utm_content%3Dwww.thoughtco.com&amp;title=What+Is+Beauty%3F+A+Philosophical+Quest+for+an+Answer&amp;t=1594662190227" data-network="flipboard" dir="ltr" title="Share on Flipboard">Flipboard </a> </li><li><a data-href="https://www.thoughtco.com/how-do-philosophers-think-about-beauty-2670642?utm_source=emailshare&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons" data-network="emailshare" dir="ltr" title="Email this article">Email </a> </li> </ul>“Beauty itself is but the sensible image of the infinite,” said the U.S. historian <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.britannica.com/failedlogin?t=SL" rel="noopener">George Bancroft </a>(1800–1891). The nature of beauty is one of the most fascinating riddles of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-philosophy-2670737">philosophy </a>. Is beauty universal? How do we know it? How can we predispose ourselves to embrace it? Nearly every major philosopher has engaged with these questions and their cognates, including the great figures of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/five-great-schools-ancient-greek-philosophy-2670495">ancient Greek philosophy </a>such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328">Plato </a>and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-life-and-legacy-of-aristotle-112489">Aristotle </a>.

An aesthetic attitude  is a state of contemplating a subject with no other purpose than appreciating it. For most authors, thus, the aesthetic attitude is purposeless: we have no reason to engage in it other than finding aesthetic enjoyment. Aesthetic appreciation can be carried on by means of the senses: looking at a sculpture, trees in bloom, or Manhattan’s skyline; listening to Puccini’s "La bohème;" tasting a mushroom risotto ; feeling cool water in a hot day; and so on. However, senses may not be necessary in order to obtain an aesthetic attitude. We can rejoice, for instance, in imagining a beautiful house that never existed or in discovering or grasping the details of a complex theorem in algebra.

Is There a Universal Definition of Beauty?

In principle, thus, the aesthetic attitude can relate to any subject via any possible mode of experience—senses, imagination, intellect, or any combination of these. The question arises of whether beauty is universal. Suppose you agree that Michelangelo’s "David" and a Van Gogh self-portrait are beautiful: do such beauties have something in common? Is there a single shared quality, beauty , that we experience in both of them? And is this beauty the very same that one experiences when gazing at the Grand Canyon from its edge or listening to Beethoven’s ninth symphony?

If beauty is universal, as for example, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328">Plato </a>maintained, it is reasonable to hold that we do not know it through the senses. Indeed, the subjects in question are quite different and are also known in different ways (gaze, hearing, observation). If there is something in common among those subjects, it cannot be what is known through the senses.

But, is there really something common to all experiences of beauty? Compare the beauty of an oil painting with that of picking flowers in a Montana field over the summer or surfing a gigantic wave in Hawaii. It seems that these cases have no single common element: not even the feelings or the basic ideas involved seem to match. Similarly, people around the world find different music, visual art, performance, and physical attributes to be beautiful. It’s on the basis of those considerations that many believe that beauty is a label we attach to different sorts of experiences based on a combination of cultural and personal preferences.

Does beauty necessarily go along with pleasure? Do humans praise beauty because it gives pleasure? s a life dedicated to the quest for beauty one worth living? These are some fundamental questions in philosophy, at the intersection between <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ethics-2670484">ethics </a>and aesthetics. If on the one hand beauty seems linked to aesthetic pleasure, seeking the former as a means to achieve the latter can lead to egoistic hedonism (self-centered pleasure-seeking for its own sake), the typical symbol of decadence. But beauty can also be regarded as a value, one of the dearest to humans. In Roman Polanski’s movie <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/you-are-an-actor-own-it-16353" rel="nofollow noopener">The Pianist </a>, for instance, the protagonist escapes the desolation of WWII by playing a ballade by Chopin. And fine works of art are curated, preserved, and presented as valuable in themselves. There is no question that human beings value, engage with, and desire beauty -- simply because it is beautiful.

<ul><li><cite>Eco, Umberto, and Alastair McEwen (eds.). "History of Beauty." New York: Random House, 2010.  </cite> </li><li><cite>Graham, Gordon. "Philosophy of the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetics." 3rd ed. London: Taylor and Francis, 2005.  </cite> </li><li><cite>Santayana, George. "The Sense of Beauty." New York: Routledge, 2002.  </cite> </li> </ul>

What Is Beauty? A Philosophical Quest for an Answer

The Nature of Beauty

The Aesthetic Attitude

A Universal Definition of Beauty

Beauty And Pleasure

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