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Talking to Yourself in the Third Person Can Lower Stress and Negative Emotions
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Third-person self-talk
Third-person self-talk may constitute a relatively effortless form of emotion regulation.
Referring to yourself in the third person leads you to think about yourself more similar to how you think about others. And that helps you to gain psychological distance from your own experiences.
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The northern lights, or aurora borealis
The magnetic fields of the sun distort and twist as the Earth rotates on its axis. When these fields become knotted together, they create sunspots. Usually, these sunspots occur in pairs.
A...
Auroras on other worlds
Auroras also occur on planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These gas giants have thick atmospheres and strong magnetic fields. These auroras are a little different from Earth's as they are formed under different conditions.
Venus has an aurora generated by its magnetotail. Mars experiences local auroras due to magnetic fields in the crust. There are also northern hemisphere auroras caused by particles hitting the Maritan atmosphere.
Cycles and particles
Northern lights occur roughly every eleven years. Record-keeping of the sun's activity began in 1749. Since then, there have been 22 full cycles.
Particles ejected from the sun travel 93 million miles toward Earth before they are drawn toward the magnetic north and south poles. As the particles move through the Earth's magnetic shield, they mix with the oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements that result in the display of lights.
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There are six basic emotions
In the 1960s, researchers started to study facial expressions that matched six basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust.
Some researchers now say there are fe...
Emtion: The concept
- In the 1950s, psychologists were focused on behaviourism while mostly ignoring emotions.
- The word "emotion" did not exist in the English language until the early 17th century.
- For centuries, the mental state to which "emotions" now refer were called either passions or affections.
- In the early 19th century, Scottish philosopher Thomas Brown was the first to propose emotion as a theoretical category. However, he was unable to define it.
The natural-kind view of emotion
When asked to explain in words what emotion is, we may come up with ideas that feel right, such as "sensitivity to events," or "your mind's reaction to experience," but fundamentally, emotions are intangible and the definitions offered are not good enough for science.
Words like "joy" and "rage" describe a set of complex processes in the brain and the body that are not always related.
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Languages
Scientists have few clear answers about what caused the start of thousands of languages.
Collectively, people speak more than 7,000 distinct languages, with more languages spoken in tropi...
Language creates boundaries
There are many theories of how the world's languages might have diversified. The common thread is that languages are markers of social boundaries between human groups. People with a common language share a common means of communication.
Any factor that might create or weaken the social or physical barriers between groups may also influence the start or end of languages.
Factors that influence language diversity
One research group tried to understand which factors had the most influence of language diversity in different areas, using statistical techniques that combined ideas from linguists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and geographers.
They found that the most important variables associated with language diversity varied from one part to another. There is not one single factor that can explain patterns of language diversity everywhere.