The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations and without leaving Egypt.&nbsp;

Who has calculated the circumference of the Earth?

Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.&nbsp;He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.

Eratosthenes

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<ul><li>Scholar </li><li>Librarian </li><li>Poet </li><li>Inventor </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes">Sieve of Eratosthenes </a> </li><li>Founder of Geography </li> </ul>

Eratosthenes of Cyrene (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English">/ɛr ə ˈ t ɒ s θ ə n iː z / </a> ; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language">Greek </a>: Ἐρατοσθένης ὁ Κυρηναῖος , <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek">romanized </a>: Eratosthénēs ho Kurēnaĩos , IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek">[eratostʰénɛːs] </a> ; <abbr>c. </abbr>276 BC <a href="#cite_note-birth-1">[note 1] </a> – c. 195/194 BC )<a href="#cite_note-death-2">[note 2] </a> was a Greek <a href="/wiki/Polymath">polymath </a>: a <a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics">mathematician </a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographer">geographer </a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet">poet </a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomer">astronomer </a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_theory">music theorist </a>. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria">Library of Alexandria </a>. His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of <a href="/wiki/Geography">geography </a>, and he introduced some of the terminology still used today.<a href="#cite_note-roller-3">[1] </a>

He is best known for being the first person to calculate the <a href="/wiki/History_of_geodesy#Hellenic_world">circumference of the Earth </a>, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate.<a href="#cite_note-russo273277-4">[2] </a> He was also the first to calculate the <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt#Obliquity_of_the_ecliptic_(Earth's_axial_tilt)">tilt of the Earth's axis </a>, which also proved to have remarkable accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-cornell-5">[3] </a> He created the first <a href="/wiki/Ancient_world_maps#Eratosthenes_(276–194_BCE)">global projection of the world </a>, incorporating <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_latitude">parallels </a>and <a href="/wiki/Longitude">meridians </a>based on the available geographic knowledge of his era.

Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific <a href="/wiki/Chronology">chronology </a>; he endeavoured to revise the dates of the main events of the largely mythological <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War">Trojan War </a>, dating the Sack of <a href="/wiki/Troy">Troy </a>to 1183 BC. In <a href="/wiki/Number_theory">number theory </a>, he introduced the <a href="/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes">sieve of Eratosthenes </a>, an efficient method of identifying <a href="/wiki/Prime_number">prime numbers </a>.

He was a figure of influence in many fields. According to an entry<a href="#cite_note-epsilon-6">[4] </a> in the <a href="/wiki/Suda">Suda </a>(a 10th-century encyclopedia), his critics scorned him, calling him Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he always came in second in all his endeavours.<a href="#cite_note-asimov-7">[5] </a> Nonetheless, his devotees nicknamed him Pentathlos after the Olympians who were well rounded competitors, for he had proven himself to be knowledgeable in every area of learning. Eratosthenes yearned to understand the complexities of the entire world.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-8">[6] </a>

<ul><li><a href="#Life">1 Life </a> </li><li><a href="#Scholarly_career">2 Scholarly career </a><ul><li><a href="#Measurement_of_the_Earth's_circumference">2.1 Measurement of the Earth's circumference </a><ul><li><a href="#Cleomedes'_simplified_version">2.1.1 Cleomedes' simplified version </a> </li><li><a href="#Eratosthenes'_method">2.1.2 Eratosthenes' method </a> </li> </ul> </li><li><a href="#Geography">2.2 Geography </a> </li><li><a href="#Achievements">2.3 Achievements </a> </li><li><a href="#Number_theory">2.4 Number theory </a> </li> </ul> </li><li><a href="#Works">3 Works </a><ul><li><a href="#Titles">3.1 Titles </a> </li> </ul> </li><li><a href="#See_also">4 See also </a> </li><li><a href="#Notes">5 Notes </a> </li><li><a href="#References">6 References </a> </li><li><a href="#Further_reading">7 Further reading </a> </li><li><a href="#External_links">8 External links </a> </li> </ul>

The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in <a href="/wiki/Cyrene_(city)">Cyrene </a>. Now part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Libya">Libya </a>, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Pentapolis_(North_Africa)">Pentapolis (North Africa) </a>, a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, <a href="/wiki/Berenice">Berenice </a>, Ptolemias, and <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica">Apollonia </a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great">Alexander the Great </a>conquered Cyrene in 332 BC, and following his death in 323 BC, its rule was given to one of his generals, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter">Ptolemy I Soter </a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom </a>. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and <a href="/wiki/Silphium">silphium </a>, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-roller-3">[1] </a> Cyrene became a place of cultivation, where knowledge blossomed. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)">gymnasium </a>, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.<a href="#cite_note-bailey-9">[7] </a>

Eratosthenes went to Athens to further his studies. There he was taught <a href="/wiki/Stoicism">Stoicism </a>by its founder, <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium">Zeno of Citium </a>, in philosophical lectures on living a virtuous life.<a href="#cite_note-rist-10">[8] </a> He then studied under <a href="/wiki/Aristo_of_Chios">Aristo of Chios </a>, who led a more <a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)">cynical </a>school of philosophy. He also studied under the head of the <a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy">Platonic Academy </a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Arcesilaus_of_Pitane">Arcesilaus of Pitane </a>. His interest in Plato led him to write his very first work at a scholarly level, Platonikos , inquiring into the mathematical foundation of Plato's philosophies.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-8">[6] </a> Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under <a href="/wiki/Callimachus">Callimachus </a>.<a href="#cite_note-bailey-9">[7] </a> He wrote poems: one in <a href="/wiki/Hexameter">hexameters </a>called Hermes , illustrating the god's life history; and another in <a href="/wiki/Elegiac">elegiacs </a>, called Erigone , describing the suicide of the Athenian maiden <a href="/wiki/Erigone_(daughter_of_Icarius)">Erigone (daughter of Icarius) </a>.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-8">[6] </a> He wrote Chronographies , a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War">Trojan War </a>. This work was highly esteemed for its accuracy. <a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus">George Syncellus </a>was later able to preserve from Chronographies a list of 38 kings of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Thebes">Egyptian Thebes </a>. Eratosthenes also wrote Olympic Victors , a chronology of the winners of the Olympic Games. It is not known when he wrote his works, but they highlighted his abilities.

These works and his great poetic abilities led the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes </a>to seek to place him as a librarian at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria">Library of Alexandria </a>in the year 245 BC. Eratosthenes, then thirty years old, accepted Ptolemy's invitation and traveled to Alexandria, where he lived for the rest of his life. Within about five years he became Chief Librarian, a position that the poet <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Rhodius">Apollonius Rhodius </a>had previously held. As head of the library Eratosthenes tutored the children of Ptolemy, including <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator </a>who became the fourth Ptolemaic pharaoh. He expanded the library's holdings: in Alexandria all books had to be surrendered for duplication. It was said that these were copied so accurately that it was impossible to tell if the library had returned the original or the copy. He sought to maintain the reputation of the Library of Alexandria against competition from the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Pergamum">Library of Pergamum </a>. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus">Aeschylus </a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles">Sophocles </a>and <a href="/wiki/Euripides">Euripides </a>.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-8">[6] </a>

Eratosthenes made several important contributions to <a href="/wiki/Mathematics">mathematics </a>and <a href="/wiki/Science">science </a>, and was a friend of <a href="/wiki/Archimedes">Archimedes </a>. Around 255 BC, he invented the <a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere">armillary sphere </a>. In On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies , <a href="/wiki/Cleomedes">Cleomedes </a>credited him with having calculated the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_circumference">Earth's circumference </a>around 240 BC, with a high precision.<a href="#cite_note-russo273277-4">[2] </a>

Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized <a href="/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle </a>for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and <a href="/wiki/Barbarian">barbarians </a>, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure.<a href="#cite_note-alexander-11">[9] </a> As he aged he contracted <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmia">ophthalmia </a>, becoming blind around 195 BC. Losing the ability to read and to observe nature plagued and depressed him, leading him to voluntarily starve himself to death. He died in 194 BC at 82 in Alexandria.<a href="#cite_note-bailey-9">[7] </a>

Measurement of the Earth's circumference     [  edit  ]

The measure of <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_circumference">Earth's circumference </a>is the most famous among the results obtained by Eratosthenes,<a href="#cite_note-12">[10] </a> who estimated that the meridian has a length of 252,000 <a href="/wiki/Stadion_(unit)">stadia </a>, with an error on the real value between −2.4% and +0.8% (assuming a value for the stadion between 155 and 160 metres).<a href="#cite_note-russo273277-4">[2] </a> Eratosthenes described his technique in a book entitled On the measure of the Earth , which has not been preserved.

Cleomedes' simplified version  [  edit  ]

Eratosthenes' method to calculate the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_circumference">Earth's circumference </a>has been lost; what has been preserved is the simplified version described by <a href="/wiki/Cleomedes">Cleomedes </a>to popularise the discovery.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11] </a> Cleomedes invites his reader to consider two Egyptian cities, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria">Alexandria </a>and <a href="/wiki/Syene">Syene </a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Aswan">Aswan </a>:

<ol><li>Cleomedes assumes that the distance between Syene and Alexandria was 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Stadion_(unit)">stadia </a>(a figure that was checked yearly by professional <a href="/wiki/Bematist">bematists </a>, mensores regii );<a href="#cite_note-14">[12] </a> </li><li>he assumes the simplified (but false) hypothesis that Syene was precisely on the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer">Tropic of Cancer </a>, saying that at <a href="/wiki/Solar_noon">local noon </a>on the summer <a href="/wiki/Solstice">solstice </a>the Sun was directly overhead;<a href="#cite_note-pillar-15">[13] </a> </li><li>he assumes the simplified (but false) hypothesis that Syene and Alexandria are on the same <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)">meridian </a>. </li> </ol>

Under the previous assumptions, says Cleomedes, you can measure the Sun's angle of elevation at noon of the summer solstice in Alexandria, by using a vertical rod (a <a href="/wiki/Gnomon">gnomon </a>) of known length and measuring the length of its shadow on the ground;<a href="#cite_note-bucknell-16">[14] </a> it is then possible to calculate the angle of the Sun's rays,<a href="#cite_note-anthony-17">[15] </a> which he claims to be 7° 12', 7.2°, or 1/50th the circumference of a circle.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16] </a> Taking the Earth as spherical, the Earth's circumference would be fifty times the distance between Alexandria and Syene, that is 250,000 stadia. Since 1 Egyptian stadium is equal to 157.5 metres, the result is 39,375 km, which is 1.4% less than the real number, 40,076 km.

Eratosthenes' method was actually more complicated, as stated by the same Cleomedes, whose purpose was to present a simplified version of the one described in Eratosthenes' book. The method was based on several <a href="/wiki/Surveying">surveying </a>trips conducted by professional <a href="/wiki/Bematist">bematists </a>, whose job was to precisely measure the extent of the territory of Egypt for agricultural and taxation-related purposes.<a href="#cite_note-russo273277-4">[2] </a> Furthermore, the fact that Eratosthenes' measure corresponds precisely to 252,000 stadia might be intentional, since it is a number that can be divided by all natural numbers from 1 to 10: some historians believe that Eratosthenes changed from the 250,000 value written by Cleomedes to this new value to simplify calculations;<a href="#cite_note-19">[17] </a> other historians of science, on the other side, believe that Eratosthenes introduced a new length unit based on the length of the meridian, as stated by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder">Pliny </a>, who writes about the stadion "according to Eratosthenes' ratio".<a href="#cite_note-russo273277-4">[2] </a> <a href="#cite_note-20">[18] </a>

Eratosthenes now continued from his knowledge about the Earth. Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. In the Library of Alexandria he had access to various travel books, which contained various items of information and representations of the world that needed to be pieced together in some organized format.<a href="#cite_note-Smith2005-21">[19] </a> In his three-volume work Geography (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language">Greek </a>: Geographika ), he described and mapped his entire known world, even dividing the Earth into five climate zones:<a href="#cite_note-Morris-22">[20] </a> two freezing zones around the poles, two temperate zones, and a zone encompassing the equator and the tropics.<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-23">[21] </a> He had invented geography. He created terminology that is still used today. He placed grids of overlapping lines over the surface of the Earth. He used parallels and meridians to link together every place in the world. It was now possible to estimate one's distance from remote locations with this network over the surface of the Earth. In the Geography the names of over 400 cities and their locations were shown: this had never been achieved before.<a href="#cite_note-roller-3">[1] </a> Unfortunately, his Geography has been lost to history, but fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder">Pliny </a>, <a href="/wiki/Polybius">Polybius </a>, <a href="/wiki/Strabo">Strabo </a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcianus">Marcianus </a>.

<ul><li>The first book was something of an introduction and gave a review of his predecessors, recognizing their contributions that he compiled in the library. In this book Eratosthenes denounced <a href="/wiki/Homer">Homer </a>as not providing any insight into what he now described as geography. His disapproval of Homer's topography angered many who believed the world depicted in the Odyssey to be legitimate.<a href="#cite_note-chambers-8">[6] </a> <a href="#cite_note-Eckerman-24">[22] </a> He also commented on the ideas of the nature and origin of the Earth: he had thought of Earth as an immovable globe; while on its surface was a place that was changing. He had hypothesized that at one time the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean">Mediterranean </a>was a vast lake that covered the countries that surrounded it; and had only become connected to the ocean to the west when a passage had opened up sometime in its history. </li><li>In the second book is his discovery about the circumference of the Earth. This is where, according to Pliny, "The world was grasped." Here Eratosthenes described his famous story of the well in Syene, wherein at noon each summer solstice, the Sun's rays shone straight down into the city-center well.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23] </a> This book would now be considered a text on <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_geography">mathematical geography </a>. </li><li>His third book of the Geography contained <a href="/wiki/Political_geography">political geography </a>. He cited countries and used parallel lines to divide the map into sections, to give accurate descriptions of the realms. This was a breakthrough, and can be considered the beginning of geography. For this, Eratosthenes was named the "Father of Modern Geography."<a href="#cite_note-Smith2005-21">[19] </a> </li> </ul>

Eratosthenes was described by the <a href="/wiki/Suda_Lexicon">Suda Lexicon </a>as a Πένταθλος (Pentathlos) which can be translated as "All-Rounder", for he was skilled in a variety of things: He was a true polymath. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; <a href="/wiki/Strabo">Strabo </a>accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians.<a href="#cite_note-Dicks1971-26">[24] </a>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea </a>in his <a href="/wiki/Preparation_for_the_Gospel">Preparatio Evangelica </a> includes a brief chapter of three sentences on celestial distances (<a href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_15_book15.htm">Book XV </a>, Chapter 53). He states simply that Eratosthenes found the distance to the Sun to be "σταδίων μυριάδας τετρακοσίας καὶ ὀκτωκισμυρίας " (literally "of <a href="/wiki/Stadia_(length)">stadia </a><a href="/wiki/Myriad">myriads </a>400 and 80,000") and the distance to the Moon to be 780,000 stadia. The expression for the distance to the Sun has been translated either as 4,080,000 stadia (1903 translation by E. H. Gifford), or as 804,000,000 stadia (edition of Edouard des Places, dated 1974–1991). The meaning depends on whether Eusebius meant 400 myriad plus 80,000 or "400 and 80,000" myriad. With a stade of 185 m (607 ft), 804,000,000 stadia is 149,000,000 km (93,000,000 mi), approximately the distance from the Earth to the Sun. </li><li>Eratosthenes also calculated the Sun's diameter. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth.<a href="#cite_note-Smith2005-21">[19] </a> The actual figure is approximately 109 times.<a href="#cite_note-caltech-27">[25] </a> </li><li>During his time at the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes devised a calendar using his predictions about the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic">ecliptic </a>of the Earth. He calculated that there are 365 days in a year and that every fourth year there would be 366 days.<a href="#cite_note-manawatu-28">[26] </a> </li><li>He was also very proud of his solution for <a href="/wiki/Doubling_the_Cube">Doubling the Cube </a>. His motivation was that he wanted to produce catapults. Eratosthenes constructed a mechanical line drawing device to calculate the cube, called the mesolabio. He dedicated his solution to King Ptolemy, presenting a model in bronze with it a letter and an epigram.<a href="#cite_note-zhumud-29">[27] </a> Archimedes was Eratosthenes' friend and he, too, worked on the war instrument with mathematics. Archimedes dedicated his book The Method to Eratosthenes, knowing his love for learning and mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-chondros-30">[28] </a> </li> </ul>

Eratosthenes proposed a simple <a href="/wiki/Algorithm">algorithm </a>for finding <a href="/wiki/Prime_numbers">prime numbers </a>. This algorithm is known in mathematics as the <a href="/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes">Sieve of Eratosthenes </a>.

In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: κόσκινον Ἐρατοσθένους), one of a number of <a href="/wiki/Generating_primes#Prime_sieves">prime number sieves </a>, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e. , not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated starting from that prime, as a sequence of numbers with the same difference, equal to that prime, between consecutive numbers. This is the sieve's key distinction from using trial division to sequentially test each candidate number for divisibility by each prime.

Eratosthenes was one of the most pre-eminent scholarly figures of his time, and produced works covering a vast area of knowledge before and during his time at the Library. He wrote on many topics—geography, mathematics, philosophy, chronology, literary criticism, grammar, poetry, and even old comedies. Unfortunately, there are only fragments left of his works after the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Library_of_Alexandria">destruction of the Library of Alexandria </a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dicks1971-26">[24] </a>

<ul><li>Platonikos </li><li>Hermes </li><li>Erigone </li><li>Chronographies </li><li>Olympic Victors </li><li>Περὶ τῆς ἀναμετρήσεως τῆς γῆς (On the Measurement of the Earth )<a href="#cite_note-hero-31">[29] </a> (lost, summarized by <a href="/wiki/Cleomedes">Cleomedes </a>) </li><li>Гεωγραϕικά (Geographika )<a href="#cite_note-Dicks1971-26">[24] </a> (lost, criticized by <a href="/wiki/Strabo">Strabo </a>) </li><li>Arsinoe (a memoir of queen <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt">Arsinoe </a>; lost; quoted by <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus">Athenaeus </a>in the <a href="/wiki/Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae </a> ) </li><li>Ariston (concerning <a href="/wiki/Aristo_of_Chios">Aristo of Chios </a>' addiction to luxury); lost; quoted by <a href="/wiki/Athenaeus">Athenaeus </a>in the <a href="/wiki/Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae </a> )<a href="#cite_note-ASmith-32">[30] </a> </li><li>A fragmentary collection of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic">Hellenistic </a>myths about the <a href="/wiki/Constellation">constellations </a>, called <a href="/wiki/Catasterismi">Catasterismi </a> (Katasterismoi ), was attributed to Eratosthenes, perhaps to add to its credibility. </li> </ul>

<ul><li><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg"/> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece portal </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png"/> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal </a> </li><li><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png"/> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography">Geography portal </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes_(crater)">Eratosthenes (crater) </a>on the <a href="/wiki/Moon">Moon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenian">Eratosthenian </a>period in the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_geologic_timescale">lunar geologic timescale </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes_Seamount">Eratosthenes Seamount </a>in the eastern Mediterranean Sea </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos">Aristarchus of Samos </a>, (<a href="/wiki/Circa">c. </a>310 – c.230 BC ) another Greek mathematician who calculated the distance from the Earth to the sun </li><li><a href="/wiki/Posidonius">Posidonius </a>, (<a href="/wiki/Circa">c. </a>135 – c.51 BC ) another Greek philosopher who calculated the circumference of the Earth </li> </ul>

<ol><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-birth_1-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-birth_1-1">b </a> The <a href="/wiki/Suda">Suda </a>states that he was born in the 126th <a href="/wiki/Olympiad">Olympiad </a>, (276–272 BC). <a href="/wiki/Strabo">Strabo </a>(Geography , i.2.2), though, states that he was a "pupil" (γνωριμος) of <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium">Zeno of Citium </a>(who died 262 BC), which would imply an earlier year-of-birth (<abbr>c. </abbr>285 BC ) since he is unlikely to have studied under him at the young age of 14. However, γνωριμος can also mean "acquaintance", and the year of Zeno's death is by no means definite.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31] </a> </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-death_2-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-death_2-1">b </a> The <a href="/wiki/Suda">Suda </a>states he died at the age of 80, <a href="/wiki/Censorinus">Censorinus </a>(De die natali , 15) at the age of 81, and <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Lucian">Pseudo-Lucian </a>(Makrobioi , 27) at the age of 82. </li> </ol>

<ol><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-roller_3-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-roller_3-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-roller_3-2">c </a> Roller, Duane W. Eratosthenes' Geography. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-russo273277_4-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-russo273277_4-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-russo273277_4-2">c </a><a href="#cite_ref-russo273277_4-3">d </a><a href="#cite_ref-russo273277_4-4">e </a> <style>.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit} </style><cite><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Russo">Russo, Lucio </a>(2004). The Forgotten Revolution . Berlin: Springer. p. 273–277. </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-cornell_5-0">^ </a> <a href="http://hosting.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/eratosthenes.htm">"Eratosthenes (276–195 B.C.)" </a>. Cornell University. Accessed 28 July, 2019. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-epsilon_6-0">^ </a> <a href="https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/epsilon/2898">"Entry ε 2898" </a> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-asimov_7-0">^ </a> See also Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology , new revised edition. 1975. Entry #42, "Eratosthenes", Page 29. Pan Books Ltd, London. <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN </a><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-24323-3">0-330-24323-3 </a>. This was also asserted by Carl Sagan 31 minutes into his Cosmos episode The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-chambers_8-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-chambers_8-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-chambers_8-2">c </a><a href="#cite_ref-chambers_8-3">d </a><a href="#cite_ref-chambers_8-4">e </a> Chambers, James T. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." in Dictionary Of World Biography: The Ancient World January 1998: 1–3. </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-bailey_9-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-bailey_9-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-bailey_9-2">c </a> Bailey, Ellen. 2006. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 1–3. Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-rist_10-0">^ </a> Rist, J.M. "Zeno and Stoic Consistency," in Phronesis. Vol. 22, No. 2, 1977. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-alexander_11-0">^ </a> p. 439 Vol. 1 William Woodthorpe Tarn Alexander the Great . Vol. I, Narrative ; Vol. II, Sources and Studies . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948. (New ed., 2002 (paperback, <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN </a><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-53137-3">0-521-53137-3 </a>)). </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-12">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Russo">Russo, Lucio </a>(2004). The Forgotten Revolution . Berlin: Springer. p. 68. </cite> . </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-13">^ </a> Cleomedes, Caelestia , i.7.49–52. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-14">^ </a> Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii , VI.598. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-pillar_15-0">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Balasubramaniam, R. (10 August 2017). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FruHOlKlbJAC&amp;q=%22Tropic+of+Cancer%22+BC&amp;pg=PA18">Story of the Delhi Iron Pillar </a>. Foundation Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN </a><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788175962781"><bdi>9788175962781 </bdi> </a>– via Google Books. </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-bucknell_16-0">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="https://www.eg.bucknell.edu/physics/astronomy/astr101/specials/eratosthenes.html">"Astronomy 101 Specials: Eratosthenes and the Size of the Earth" </a>. www.eg.bucknell.edu . Retrieved 2017-12-19 . </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-anthony_17-0">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="https://anthonybloggeneral.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/eratosthenes-earth-circumference/">"How did Eratosthenes measure the circumference of the earth?" </a>. 3 July 2012. </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-18">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Willers, Michael (2009). Algebra: The x and y of Everyday Math (2009 ed.). Quid Publishing. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN </a><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4351-1400-5"><bdi>978-1-4351-1400-5 </bdi> </a>. </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-19">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Rawlins, Dennis (1983). <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00348500">"The Erathostenes-Strabo Nile Map. Is It the Earliest Surviving Instance of Spherical Cartography? Did It Supply the 5000 Stades Arc for Erathostenes' Experiment?" </a>. Archive for History of Exact Sciences . 26 (26): 211–219. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00348500">10.1007/BF00348500 </a>(inactive 2021-01-13). </cite> CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_January_2021">link </a>) </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-20">^ </a> Pliny, Naturalis Historia , XII $53. </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2005_21-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2005_21-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2005_21-2">c </a> Smith, Sir William. "Eratosthenes", in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library, 2005. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_22-0">^ </a> Morris, Terry R. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." in Encyclopedia Of The Ancient World . November 2001. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-Hutchinson_23-0">^ </a> 2011. "Eratosthenes." Hutchinson's Biography Database 1. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-Eckerman_24-0">^ </a> Eckerman, Chris. Review of (D.W.) Roller 'Eratosthenes' Geography. Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. The Classical Review. 2011. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-25">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/solar-system-and-earth/knowing-solar-system-earth/a/eratosthenes-of-cyrene">"Eratosthenes of Cyrene" </a>. Khan Academy . Retrieved 2019-11-19 . </cite> </li><li>^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dicks1971_26-0">a </a><a href="#cite_ref-Dicks1971_26-1">b </a><a href="#cite_ref-Dicks1971_26-2">c </a> Dicks, D.R. "Eratosthenes", in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-caltech_27-0">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730214334/http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/5-How-large-is-the-Sun-compared-to-Earth-">"Ask an Astronomer" </a>. Cool Cosmos . Archived from <a href="http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/5-How-large-is-the-Sun-compared-to-Earth-">the original </a>on 2014-07-30. </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-manawatu_28-0">^ </a> Greek Scholar's Work Shows Usefulness of Measurement." Manawatu Standard , June 19, 2012., 07, Newspaper Source Plus </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-zhumud_29-0">^ </a> Zhumud, Leonid. Plato as "Architect of Science". in Phonesis . Vol. 43 (3) 1998. 211–244. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-chondros_30-0">^ </a> Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. in Mechanism and Machine Theory . Vol.45(11) 2010. 1766–1775. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-hero_31-0">^ </a> Mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria">Hero of Alexandria </a>in his Dioptra . See p. 272, vol. 2, Selections Illustrating the History of Greek Mathematics , tr. Ivor Thomas, London: William Heinemann Ltd.; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1957. </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-ASmith_32-0">^ </a> <link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Smith, Andrew. <a href="http://www.attalus.org/old/athenaeus7.html#281">"Athenaeus: Deipnosophists – Book 7" </a>. www.attalus.org . </cite> </li><li><a href="#cite_ref-33">^ </a> Eratosthenes entry in the <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Scientific_Biography">Dictionary of Scientific Biography </a> (1971) </li> </ol>

<ul><li>Aujac, G. (2001). Eratosthène de Cyrène, le pionnier de la géographie . Paris: Édition du CTHS. 224p. </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1939–1940). Selections Illustlating the History of Greek Mathematics . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Diller, A (1934). "Geographical Latitudes in Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Posidonius". Klio . 27 (3): 258–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fklio.1934.27.27.258">10.1524/klio.1934.27.27.258 </a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)">S2CID </a><a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194449299">194449299 </a>. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Dorofeeva, A. V. (1988). "Eratosthenes (ca. 276–194 B.C.)". Mat. V Shkole (in Russian) (4): i. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Dutka, J. (1993). "Eratosthenes' measurement of the Earth reconsidered". Arch. Hist. Exact Sci . 46 (1): 55–66. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)">Bibcode </a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993AHES...46...55D">1993AHES...46...55D </a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00387726">10.1007/BF00387726 </a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)">S2CID </a><a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119522892">119522892 </a>. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>El'natanov, B. A. (1983). "A brief outline of the history of the development of the sieve of Eratosthenes". Istor.-Mat. Issled. (in Russian). 27 : 238–259. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Fischer, I (1975). "Another look at Eratosthenes' and Posidonius' determinations of the Earth's circumference". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society . 16 : 152–167. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)">Bibcode </a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975QJRAS..16..152F">1975QJRAS..16..152F </a>. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Fowler, D. H.; Rawlins, Dennis (1983). "Eratosthenes' ratio for the obliquity of the ecliptic". Isis . 74 (274): 556–562. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F353361">10.1086/353361 </a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)">S2CID </a><a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144617495">144617495 </a>. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Fraser, P. M. (1970). "Eratosthenes of Cyrene". Proceedings of the British Academy . 56 : 175–207. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Fraser, P. M. (1972). Ptolemaic Alexandria . Oxford: Clarendon Press. </cite> </li><li>Fuentes González, P. P., "<a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10481/27536">Ératosthène de Cyrène </a>", in R. Goulet (ed.), Dictionnaire des Philosophes Antiques , vol. III, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2000, pp. 188–236. </li><li>Geus K. (2002). <a href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12860252/download_file">Eratosthenes von Kyrene. Studien zur hellenistischen Kultur- und Wissenschaftgeschichte </a>. München: Verlag C.H. Beck. (Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte. Bd. 92) X, 412 S. </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Goldstein, B. R. (1984). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0315-0860%2884%2990025-9">"Eratosthenes on the "measurement" of the Earth" </a>. Historia Math . 11 (4): 411–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0315-0860%2884%2990025-9">10.1016/0315-0860(84)90025-9 </a> . </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Gulbekian, E. (1987). <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00417008">"The origin and value of the stadion unit used by Eratosthenes in the third century B.C" </a> . <a href="/wiki/Archive_for_History_of_Exact_Sciences">Archive for History of Exact Sciences </a> . 37 (4): 359–363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi </a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00417008">10.1007/BF00417008 </a>(inactive 2021-01-13). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)">JSTOR </a><a href="//www.jstor.org/stable/41133819">41133819 </a>. </cite> CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_January_2021">link </a>) </li><li>Honigmann, E. (1929). Die sieben Klimata und die πολεις επισημοι . Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte der Geographie und Astrologie in Altertum und Mittelalter. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung. 247 S. </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Knaack, G. (1907). "Eratosthenes". Pauly–Wissowa VI : 358–388. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Manna, F. (1986). "The Pentathlos of ancient science, Eratosthenes, first and only one of the "primes" ". Atti Accad. Pontaniana (N.S.) (in Italian). 35 : 37–44. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Muwaf, A.; Philippou, A. N. (1981). "An Arabic version of Eratosthenes writing on mean proportionals". J. Hist. Arabic Sci . 5 (1–2): 147–174. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Nicastro, Nicholas (2008). <a href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312372477">Circumference: Eratosthenes and the ancient quest to measure the globe </a> . New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN </a><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37247-7"><bdi>978-0-312-37247-7 </bdi> </a>. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite><a href="/wiki/John_J._O%27Connor_(mathematician)">O'Connor, John J. </a>; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F. </a>, <a href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Eratosthenes.html">"Eratosthenes" </a>, <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive </a> , <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews">University of St Andrews </a> </cite> . </li><li>Marcotte, D. (1998). "La climatologie d'Ératosthène à Poséidonios: genèse d'une science humaine". G. Argoud, J.Y. Guillaumin (eds.). Sciences exactes et sciences appliquées à Alexandrie (IIIe siècle av J.C. – Ier ap J.C.) . Saint Etienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint Etienne: 263–277. </li><li>McPhail, Cameron (2011). <a href="http://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/1713/McPhailCameron2011MA.pdf?sequence=1">Reconstructing Eratosthenes' Map of the World: a Study in Source Analysis . A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Otago </a>. Dunedin, New Zealand. </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Pfeiffer, Rudolf (1968). <a href="https://archive.org/details/historyofclassic0000pfei_r5h8">History of Classical Scholarship From the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age </a> . Oxford: Clarendon Press. </cite> </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Rawlins, D. (1982). "Eratosthenes' geodesy unraveled : was there a high-accuracy Hellenistic astronomy". 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La géographe d'Ératosthène . Versailles. </li><li><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite>Wolfer, E. P. (1954). Eratosthenes von Kyrene als Mathematiker und Philosoph . Groningen-Djakarta. </cite> </li> </ul>

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<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes </a>

<ul><li><a href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Eratosthenes&amp;library=OLBP">Online books </a> </li><li><a href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Eratosthenes">Resources in your library </a> </li><li><a href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Eratosthenes&amp;library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="//ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&amp;au=Eratosthenes&amp;library=OLBP">Online books </a> </li><li><a href="//ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&amp;au=Eratosthenes">Resources in your library </a> </li><li><a href="//ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&amp;au=Eratosthenes&amp;library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/2017/04/15/cleomedes-how-big-is-the-earth/">English translation of the primary source for Eratosthenes and the size of the Earth </a>at Roger Pearse. </li><li><a href="http://www.wilbourhall.org/index.html#eratosthenes">Bernhardy, Gottfried: Eratosthenica </a>Berlin, 1822 (PDF) (Latin/Greek), Reprinted Osnabruck 1968 (German) </li><li><a href="http://www.faust.fr.bw.schule.de/mhb/eratosiv.htm">Eratosthenes' sieve in Javascript </a> </li><li><a href="http://www.math.utah.edu/~pa/Eratosthenes.html">About Eratosthenes' methods, including a Java applet </a> </li><li><a href="http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/gkastr1.html">How the Greeks estimated the distances to the Moon and Sun </a> </li><li><a href="http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses//astro201/eratosthenes.htm">Measuring the Earth with Eratosthenes' method </a> </li><li><a href="http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html">List of ancient Greek mathematicians and contemporaries of Eratosthenes </a> </li><li><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01303a.htm">New Advent Encyclopedia article on the Library of Alexandria </a> </li><li><a href="http://www.quitebasic.com/prj/math/eratosthenes/">Eratosthenes' sieve in classic BASIC all-web based interactive programming environment </a> </li><li><a href="https://www.fondation-lamap.org/en/node/9786'">International pedagogical project </a>: project <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_main_%C3%A0_la_p%C3%A2te">fr:La main à la pâte </a>. </li><li><a href="http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/htmltag.php?code=users.sgeducation.lookang.Eratostheneswee_pkg.EratosthenesweeApplet.class&amp;name=Eratostheneswee&amp;muid=14019">Open source Physics Computer Model about Eratosthenes estimation of radius and circumference of Earth </a> </li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030065030/http://www.mozalearn.com/Extra-Videos-Eratosthenes-209501">Eratosthenes, video </a> </li><li><a href="https://www.astrologicon.org/eratosthenes/eratosthenes-katasterismoi1.html">Eratosthenes, Katasterismoi (or Astrothesiae), original text </a> </li> </ul>

Head of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria">Library of Alexandria </a>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaonice">Aglaonice </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_(astronomer)">Agrippa </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander">Anaximander </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Cyrrhus">Andronicus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga">Apollonius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aratus">Aratus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos">Aristarchus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aristyllus">Aristyllus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_of_Rhodes">Attalus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus_of_Pitane">Autolycus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Bion_of_Abdera">Bion </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Callippus">Callippus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Cleomedes">Cleomedes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Cleostratus">Cleostratus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Conon_of_Samos">Conon </a> </li><li><a>Eratosthenes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euctemon">Euctemon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidus">Eudoxus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Geminus">Geminus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclides_Ponticus">Heraclides </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hicetas">Hicetas </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchus">Hipparchus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_of_Chios">Hippocrates of Chios </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypsicles">Hypsicles </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_of_Alexandria">Menelaus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Meton_of_Athens">Meton </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Oenopides">Oenopides </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Opus">Philip of Opus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Philolaus">Philolaus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Posidonius">Posidonius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy">Ptolemy </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas">Pytheas </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_of_Seleucia">Seleucus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sosigenes_of_Alexandria">Sosigenes of Alexandria </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sosigenes_the_Peripatetic">Sosigenes the Peripatetic </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Strabo">Strabo </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus">Thales </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_of_Bithynia">Theodosius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Alexandria">Theon of Alexandria </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Smyrna">Theon of Smyrna </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Timocharis">Timocharis </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagest">Almagest (Ptolemy) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_Sizes_and_Distances_(Hipparchus)">On Sizes and Distances (Hipparchus) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sizes_and_Distances_(Aristarchus)">On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Heavens">On the Heavens (Aristotle) </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism">Antikythera mechanism </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere">Armillary sphere </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Astrolabe">Astrolabe </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Dioptra">Dioptra </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_ring">Equatorial ring </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Gnomon">Gnomon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mural_instrument">Mural instrument </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Triquetrum_(astronomy)">Triquetrum </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callippic_cycle">Callippic cycle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_spheres">Celestial spheres </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_latitude">Circle of latitude </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Earth">Counter-Earth </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle">Deferent and epicycle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Equant">Equant </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_model">Geocentrism </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism">Heliocentrism </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchic_cycle">Hipparchic cycle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle">Metonic cycle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Octaeteris">Octaeteris </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Solstice">Solstice </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Earth">Spherical Earth </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sublunary_sphere">Sublunary sphere </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac">Zodiac </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy">Babylonian astronomy </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_astronomy">Egyptian astronomy </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_science_in_the_Middle_Ages">Medieval European science </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy">Indian astronomy </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world">Medieval Islamic astronomy </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius_of_Tralles">Anthemius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Archytas">Archytas </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus_the_Elder">Aristaeus the Elder </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos">Aristarchus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga">Apollonius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes">Archimedes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus_of_Pitane">Autolycus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Bion_of_Abdera">Bion </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Bryson_of_Heraclea">Bryson </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Callippus">Callippus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Antioch">Carpus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus">Chrysippus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Cleomedes">Cleomedes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Conon_of_Samos">Conon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ctesibius">Ctesibius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Democritus">Democritus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Dicaearchus">Dicaearchus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Diocles_(mathematician)">Diocles </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Diophantus">Diophantus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Dinostratus">Dinostratus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysodorus">Dionysodorus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Domninus_of_Larissa">Domninus </a> </li><li><a>Eratosthenes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eudemus_of_Rhodes">Eudemus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euclid">Euclid </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cnidus">Eudoxus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Eutocius_of_Ascalon">Eutocius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Geminus">Geminus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Heliodorus_of_Larissa">Heliodorus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria">Heron </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchus">Hipparchus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hippasus">Hippasus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hippias">Hippias </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_of_Chios">Hippocrates </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia">Hypatia </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypsicles">Hypsicles </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Miletus">Isidore of Miletus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_(mathematician)">Leon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_of_Neapolis">Marinus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Menaechmus">Menaechmus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_of_Alexandria">Menelaus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Metrodorus_(grammarian)">Metrodorus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicomachus">Nicomachus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_(mathematician)">Nicomedes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicoteles_of_Cyrene">Nicoteles </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Oenopides">Oenopides </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pappus_of_Alexandria">Pappus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(geometer)">Perseus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Philolaus">Philolaus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Philon">Philon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Philonides_of_Laodicea">Philonides </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher)">Porphyry </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Posidonius">Posidonius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Proclus">Proclus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy">Ptolemy </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras">Pythagoras </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Serenus_of_Antino%C3%B6polis">Serenus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Simplicius_of_Cilicia">Simplicius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sosigenes_of_Alexandria">Sosigenes </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sporus_of_Nicaea">Sporus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus">Thales </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theaetetus_(mathematician)">Theaetetus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theano_(philosopher)">Theano </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_of_Cyrene">Theodorus </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_of_Bithynia">Theodosius </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Alexandria">Theon of Alexandria </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theon_of_Smyrna">Theon of Smyrna </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Thymaridas">Thymaridas </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Xenocrates">Xenocrates </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea">Zeno of Elea </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Sidon">Zeno of Sidon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Zenodorus_(mathematician)">Zenodorus </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagest">Almagest </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Palimpsest">Archimedes Palimpsest </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetica">Arithmetica </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Perga#Conics">Conics (Apollonius) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Catoptrics">Catoptrics </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Data_(Euclid)">Data (Euclid) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements">Elements (Euclid) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Measurement_of_a_Circle">Measurement of a Circle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_Conoids_and_Spheroids">On Conoids and Spheroids </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sizes_and_Distances_(Aristarchus)">On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_Sizes_and_Distances_(Hipparchus)">On Sizes and Distances (Hipparchus) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus_of_Pitane">On the Moving Sphere (Autolycus) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Optics">Euclid's Optics </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_Spirals">On Spirals </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sphere_and_Cylinder">On the Sphere and Cylinder </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ostomachion">Ostomachion </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Planisphaerium">Planisphaerium </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerics">Sphaerics </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Quadrature_of_the_Parabola">The Quadrature of the Parabola </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner">The Sand Reckoner </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_trisection">Angle trisection </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Doubling_the_cube">Doubling the cube </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Squaring_the_circle">Squaring the circle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_Apollonius">Problem of Apollonius </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circles_of_Apollonius">Circles of Apollonius </a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_circles">Apollonian circles </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_gasket">Apollonian gasket </a> </li> </ul> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Circumscribed_circle">Circumscribed circle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Commensurability_(mathematics)">Commensurability </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Diophantine_equation">Diophantine equation </a> </li><li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_proportion_(mathematics)">Doctrine of proportionality </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_ratio">Golden ratio </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals">Greek numerals </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Incircle_and_excircles_of_a_triangle">Incircle and excircles of a triangle </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Method_of_exhaustion">Method of exhaustion </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_postulate">Parallel postulate </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_solid">Platonic solid </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Lune_of_Hippocrates">Lune of Hippocrates </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Quadratrix_of_Hippias">Quadratrix of Hippias </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_polygon">Regular polygon </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Straightedge_and_compass_construction">Straightedge and compass construction </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_center">Triangle center </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angle_bisector_theorem">Angle bisector theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Exterior_angle_theorem">Exterior angle theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm">Euclidean algorithm </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_theorem">Euclid's theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_mean_theorem">Geometric mean theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_geometric_algebra">Greek geometric algebra </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Hinge_theorem">Hinge theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Inscribed_angle_theorem">Inscribed angle theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Intercept_theorem">Intercept theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pons_asinorum">Pons asinorum </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem">Pythagorean theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Thales%27s_theorem">Thales's theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Theorem_of_the_gnomon">Theorem of the gnomon </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius%27s_theorem">Apollonius's theorem </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus%27s_inequality">Aristarchus's inequality </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Crossbar_theorem">Crossbar theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Heron%27s_formula">Heron's formula </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_number">Irrational numbers </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus%27s_theorem">Menelaus's theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Pappus%27s_area_theorem">Pappus's area theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Diophantus_II.VIII">Problem II.8 of Arithmetica </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_inequality">Ptolemy's inequality </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_table_of_chords">Ptolemy's table of chords </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_theorem">Ptolemy's theorem </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_of_Theodorus">Spiral of Theodorus </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya">Cyrene </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria">Library of Alexandria </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy">Platonic Academy </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy">Ancient Greek astronomy </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals">Greek numerals </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century">Latin translations of the 12th century </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Neusis_construction">Neusis construction </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS_(identifier)">BIBSYS </a>: <a href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/95001492">95001492 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/BNE_(identifier)">BNE </a>: <a href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1128886">XX1128886 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/BNF_(identifier)">BNF </a>: <a href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12483904c">cb12483904c </a><a href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12483904c">(data) </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/CANTIC_(identifier)">CANTIC </a>: <a href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10077960">a10077960 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/CiNii_(identifier)">CiNii </a>: <a href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11746617?l=en">DA11746617 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)">GND </a>: <a href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118530674">118530674 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)">ISNI </a>: <a href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081486989">0000 0000 8148 6989 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)">LCCN </a>: <a href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82081073">n82081073 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/NKC_(identifier)">NKC </a>: <a href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ola2002161274&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">ola2002161274 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/NLA_(identifier)">NLA </a>: <a href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61539745">61539745 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/NLI_(identifier)">NLI </a>: <a href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000043987&amp;local_base=nlx10">000043987 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/NLP_(identifier)">NLP </a>: <a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url?p=1695&amp;id=A22045375">A22045375 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/NTA_(identifier)">NTA </a>: <a href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072894563">072894563 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/PLWABN_(identifier)">PLWABN </a>: <a href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&amp;NU=1&amp;IM=4&amp;WI=9810560622905606">9810560622905606 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)">RERO </a>: <a href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003219717">02-A003219717 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/SELIBR_(identifier)">SELIBR </a>: <a href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/261031">261031 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)">SUDOC </a>: <a href="https://www.idref.fr/034042709">034042709 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)">Trove </a>: <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1842420">1842420 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/VcBA_(identifier)">VcBA </a>: <a href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_30094">495/30094 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)">VIAF </a>: <a href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69031816">69031816 </a> </li><li><a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)">WorldCat Identities </a>: <a href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-10637135">viaf-10637135 </a> </li> </ul>

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<ul><li><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenes">Afrikaans </a> </li><li><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Alemannisch </a> </li><li><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3">العربية </a> </li><li><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B3stenes">Asturianu </a> </li><li><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosfen">Azərbaycanca </a> </li><li><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8">বাংলা </a> </li><li><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Беларуская </a> </li><li><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C">भोजपुरी </a> </li><li><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD">Български </a> </li><li><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D">བོད་ཡིག </a> </li><li><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosten">Bosanski </a> </li><li><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Brezhoneg </a> </li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B2stenes">Català </a> </li><li><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthen%C3%A9s_z_Kyr%C3%A9ny">Čeština </a> </li><li><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Cymraeg </a> </li><li><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Dansk </a> </li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Deutsch </a> </li><li><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%93%DE%AE%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%B0">ދިވެހިބަސް </a> </li><li><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Eesti </a> </li><li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82">Ελληνικά </a> </li><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B3stenes">Español </a> </li><li><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosteno_de_Cireno">Esperanto </a> </li><li><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenes">Euskara </a> </li><li><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86">فارسی </a> </li><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ratosth%C3%A8ne">Français </a> </li><li><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89arastait%C3%A9anas">Gaeilge </a> </li><li><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B3stenes">Galego </a> </li><li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4">한국어 </a> </li><li><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB">Հայերեն </a> </li><li><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC">हिन्दी </a> </li><li><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosten">Hrvatski </a> </li><li><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Bahasa Indonesia </a> </li><li><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratos%C3%BEenes">Íslenska </a> </li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostene_di_Cirene">Italiano </a> </li><li><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%A1">עברית </a> </li><li><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D">ಕನ್ನಡ </a> </li><li><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94">ქართული </a> </li><li><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Қазақша </a> </li><li><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Kiswahili </a> </li><li><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Кыргызча </a> </li><li><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes_Cyrenaeus">Latina </a> </li><li><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostens">Latviešu </a> </li><li><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenas">Lietuvių </a> </li><li><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostene">Ligure </a> </li><li><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratoszthen%C3%A9sz_Pentatlosz">Magyar </a> </li><li><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD">Македонски </a> </li><li><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ratosth%C3%A8ne">Malagasy </a> </li><li><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D">മലയാളം </a> </li><li><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8">मराठी </a> </li><li><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3">مصرى </a> </li><li><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Bahasa Melayu </a> </li><li><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA">မြန်မာဘာသာ </a> </li><li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Nederlands </a> </li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9">日本語 </a> </li><li><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Norsk bokmål </a> </li><li><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Norsk nynorsk </a> </li><li><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenes">Occitan </a> </li><li><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosfen">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча </a> </li><li><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2">پنجابی </a> </li><li><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B2stene">Piemontèis </a> </li><li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenes">Polski </a> </li><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B3stenes">Português </a> </li><li><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostene">Română </a> </li><li><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B">Русиньскый </a> </li><li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Русский </a> </li><li><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Scots </a> </li><li><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosteni">Shqip </a> </li><li><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erat%C3%B2stini">Sicilianu </a> </li><li><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Simple English </a> </li><li><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes_z_Kyr%C3%A9ny">Slovenčina </a> </li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosten">Slovenščina </a> </li><li><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D9%86">کوردی </a> </li><li><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD">Српски / srpski </a> </li><li><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosten">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </a> </li><li><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Suomi </a> </li><li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Svenska </a> </li><li><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratostenes">Tagalog </a> </li><li><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81">தமிழ் </a> </li><li><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Татарча/tatarça </a> </li><li><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA">ไทย </a> </li><li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Türkçe </a> </li><li><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD">Українська </a> </li><li><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2">اردو </a> </li><li><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Tiếng Việt </a> </li><li><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Võro </a> </li><li><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">West-Vlams </a> </li><li><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes">Winaray </a> </li><li><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%BC">吴语 </a> </li><li><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%BC">粵語 </a> </li><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%BC">中文 </a> </li> </ul>

Eratosthenes - Wikipedia

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Eratosthenes

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