Before you have any conversation about hard topics, find areas of alignment.

In order to have an effective conversation, don't ask a question the other person is not willing to answer. When you desire a certain outcome, see where your goals and theirs align.

Show the other party empathy. Validate their concern and give them your full attention.

Above all else, people want to know they are being heard. Every argument is about "Did you see me? Did you hear me?"

If the answer is unsatisfactory, reframe the question or ask a follow-up question.

The ability to be direct about desiring clarification is a skill we can benefit from.