The goal of Stage One is to teach us how to function within society so that we can be autonomous, self-sufficient adults. The idea is that the adults in the community around us help us to reach this point through supporting our ability to <a href="https://markmanson.net/risk">make decisions </a>and take action ourselves.But some adults and community members around us suck.<a href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-1">1 </a>They punish us for our independence. They don’t support our decisions. And therefore we don’t develop autonomy. We get stuck in Stage One, endlessly mimicking those around us, endlessly attempting to please all so that we might not be judged.<a href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-2">2 </a>

Stage One: Mimicking

Life is a bitch. Then you die. So while staring at my navel the other day, I decided that that bitch happens in four stages. Here they are.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

philosophy

Philosophy

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

mentalhealth

Mental Health

problemsolving

Problem Solving

Life tends to unfold in stages. Problems arise when we get stuck on one stage.

L ife is a bitch. Then you die. So while staring at my navel the other day, I decided that that bitch happens in four stages. Here they are.

We are born helpless. We can’t walk, can’t talk, can’t feed ourselves, can’t even do our own damn taxes.

As children, the way we’re <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/lifelong-learning" rel="noopener noreferrer">wired to learn </a>is by watching and mimicking others. First we learn to do physical skills like walk and talk. Then we develop social skills by watching and mimicking our peers around us. Then, finally, in late childhood, we learn to adapt to our culture by observing the rules and norms around us and trying to behave in such a way that is generally considered acceptable by society.

The goal of Stage One is to teach us how to function within society so that we can be autonomous, self-sufficient adults. The idea is that the adults in the community around us help us to reach this point through supporting our ability to <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/risk" rel="noopener noreferrer">make decisions </a>and take action ourselves.

But some adults and community members around us suck.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-1">1 </a>They punish us for our independence. They don’t support our decisions. And therefore we don’t develop autonomy. We get stuck in Stage One, endlessly mimicking those around us, endlessly attempting to please all so that we might not be judged.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-2">2 </a>

In a “normal” healthy individual, Stage One will last until late adolescence and early adulthood.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-3">3 </a>For some people, it may last further into adulthood. A select few wake up one day at age 45 realizing they’ve never actually lived for themselves and wonder where the hell the years went.

This is Stage One. The mimicry. The constant search for approval and validation. The absence of independent thought and <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/personal-values" rel="noopener noreferrer">personal values </a>.

We must be aware of the standards and expectations of those around us. But we must also become strong enough to act in spite of those standards and expectations when we feel it is necessary. We must develop the ability to act by ourselves and for ourselves.

In Stage One, we learn to fit in with the people and culture around us. Stage Two is about learning what makes us different from the people and culture around us. Stage Two requires us to begin making decisions for ourselves, to test ourselves, and to understand ourselves and what makes us unique.

Stage Two involves a lot of <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/risk" rel="noopener noreferrer">trial and error </a>and experimentation. We experiment with <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/courses/escape-plan/introduction" rel="noopener noreferrer">living in new places </a>, hanging out with new people, imbibing new substances, and playing with new people’s orifices.

In my Stage Two, I ran off and visited <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/5-life-lessons-5-years-traveling-world" rel="noopener noreferrer">fifty-something countries </a>. My brother’s Stage Two was diving headfirst into the political system in Washington DC. Everyone’s Stage Two is slightly different because every one of us is slightly different.

Stage Two is a process of <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/downloads/self-knowledge" rel="noopener noreferrer">self-discovery </a>. We try things. Some of them go well. Some of them don’t. The goal is to stick with the ones that go well for a while and move on.

Stage Two lasts until we begin to run up against our own limitations. This doesn’t sit well with many people. But despite what Oprah and Deepak Chopra may tell you, discovering <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/you-cant-have-it-all" rel="noopener noreferrer">your own limitations </a>is a good and healthy thing.

You’re just going to be <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/being-average" rel="noopener noreferrer">bad at some things </a>, no matter how hard you try. And you need to know what they are. I am not genetically inclined to ever excel at anything athletic whatsoever. It sucked for me to learn that, but I did. I’m also about as capable of feeding myself as an infant drooling apple sauce all over the floor. That was important to find out as well. We all must learn what we suck at. And the earlier in our life that we learn it, the better.

So we’re just bad at some things. Then there are other things that are great for a while, but begin to have diminishing returns after a few years. <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/courses/escape-plan/introduction" rel="noopener noreferrer">Traveling the world </a>is one example. Sexing a ton of people is another. Drinking on a Tuesday night is a third. There are many more. Trust me.

Your limitations are important because you must eventually come to the realization that your time on this planet is limited and, therefore, you should spend it on <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/not-giving-a-fuck" rel="noopener noreferrer">things that matter most </a>. That means realizing that just because you can do something doesn’t mean you should do it. That means realizing that just because you like certain people doesn’t mean <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/compatibility-and-chemistry" rel="noopener noreferrer">you should be with them </a>. That means realizing that there are opportunity costs to everything and that <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/you-cant-have-it-all" rel="noopener noreferrer">you can’t have it all </a>.

There are some people who never allow themselves to feel limitations—either because they refuse to admit their failures, or because they delude themselves into believing that their limitations don’t exist. These people get stuck in Stage Two.

These are the “serial entrepreneurs” who are 38 and living with mom and still haven’t made any money after 15 years of trying. These are the “aspiring actors” who are still waiting tables and haven’t done an audition in two years. These are the people who can’t settle into a <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/relationship-advice" rel="noopener noreferrer">long-term relationship </a>because they always have a gnawing feeling that there’s someone better around the corner. These are the people who brush all of their failings aside as “releasing” <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/the-secret" rel="noopener noreferrer">negativity into the universe </a>or “purging” their baggage from their lives.

At some point we all must admit the inevitable: life is short, not all of our <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/dreams" rel="noopener noreferrer">dreams </a>can come true, so we should carefully pick and choose what we have the best shot at and commit to it.

But people stuck in Stage Two spend most of their time convincing themselves of the opposite. That they are limitless. That they can overcome all. That their life is that of <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/self-improvement" rel="noopener noreferrer">non-stop growth </a>and ascendance in the world, while everyone else can clearly see that they are merely running in place.

In healthy individuals, Stage Two begins in mid- to late-adolescence and lasts into a person’s <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/surviving-my-20s" rel="noopener noreferrer">mid-20s </a>to <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/10-life-lessons-excel-30s" rel="noopener noreferrer">mid-30s </a>.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-4">4 </a>People who stay in Stage Two beyond that are popularly referred to as those with “<a dir="ltr" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puer_aeternus#Peter_Pan_Syndrome" rel="noopener noreferrer">Peter Pan Syndrome </a>“—the eternal adolescents, always discovering themselves but finding nothing.

Once you’ve pushed your own boundaries and either found your limitations (i.e., athletics, the culinary arts) or found the diminishing returns of certain activities (i.e., partying, video games, masturbation) then you are left with what’s both a) <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/not-giving-a-fuck" rel="noopener noreferrer">actually important to you </a>, and b) what you’re not terrible at. Now it’s time to make your dent in the world.

Stage Three is the great consolidation of one’s life. Out go the friends who are <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/are-you-an-emotional-vampire" rel="noopener noreferrer">draining you </a>and holding you back. Out go the activities and hobbies that are a mindless waste of time. Out go the <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/dreams" rel="noopener noreferrer">old dreams </a>that are clearly not coming true any time soon.

Then you double down on what you’re best at and what is best for you. You double down on the most important relationships in your life. You double down on a <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/life-cheat-codes" rel="noopener noreferrer">single mission in life </a>, whether that’s to work on the world’s energy crisis or to be a bitching digital artist or to become an expert in brains or have a bunch of snotty, drooling children. Whatever it is, Stage Three is when you get it done.

Stage Three is all about maximizing your own potential in this life. It’s all about building your legacy. What will you leave behind when you’re gone? What will people remember you by? Whether that’s a breakthrough study or an amazing new product or an adoring family, Stage Three is about leaving the world a little bit different than the way you found it.

Stage Three ends when a combination of two things happen: 1) you feel as though there’s not much else you are able to accomplish, and 2) you get old and tired and find that you would rather sip martinis and do crossword puzzles all day.

In “normal” individuals, Stage Three generally lasts from around 30-ish-years-old until one reaches retirement age.

People who get lodged in Stage Three often do so because they don’t know how to let go of their ambition and <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/disease-of-more" rel="noopener noreferrer">constant desire for more </a>. This inability to let go of the power and influence they crave counteracts the natural calming effects of time and they will often remain driven and hungry well into their 70s and 80s.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-5">5 </a>

People arrive into Stage Four having spent somewhere around half a century investing themselves in what they believed was <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/joy-and-meaning" rel="noopener noreferrer">meaningful and important </a>. They did great things, worked hard, earned everything they have, maybe started a family or a charity or a political or cultural revolution or two, and now they’re done. They’ve reached the age where their energy and circumstances no longer allow them to <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/life-purpose" rel="noopener noreferrer">pursue their purpose </a>any further.

The goal of Stage Four then becomes not to create a legacy as much as simply making sure that legacy lasts beyond one’s death.

This could be something as simple as supporting and advising their (now grown) children and living vicariously through them. It could mean passing on their projects and work to a protégé or apprentice. It could also mean becoming more politically active to maintain their values in a society that they no longer recognize.

Stage Four is important psychologically because it makes the ever-growing reality of one’s own mortality more bearable. As humans, we have a deep need to feel as though our lives mean something. This <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/the-meaning-of-life" rel="noopener noreferrer">meaning we constantly search for </a>is literally our only psychological defense against the incomprehensibility of this life and the inevitability of our own death.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-6">6 </a>To lose that meaning, or to watch it slip away, or to slowly feel as though the world has left you behind, is to stare oblivion in the face and let it consume you willingly.

Developing through each subsequent stage of life grants us greater control over our <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/hidden-costs-of-happiness" rel="noopener noreferrer">happiness </a>and well-being.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-7">7 </a>

In Stage One, a person is wholly dependent on other people’s actions and approval to be happy. This is a horrible strategy because other people are unpredictable and unreliable.

In Stage Two, one becomes reliant on oneself, but they’re still reliant on external success <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/how-to-be-happy" rel="noopener noreferrer">to be happy </a>—making money, accolades, victory, conquests, etc. These are more controllable than other people, but they are still mostly unpredictable in the long run.

Stage Three relies on a handful of relationships and endeavors that proved themselves resilient and worthwhile through Stage Two. These are more reliable. And finally, Stage Four requires we only hold on to what we’ve already accomplished for as long as possible.

At each subsequent stage, happiness becomes based more on internal, controllable values and less on the externalities of the ever-changing outside world.

Later stages don’t replace previous stages. They transcend them. Stage Two people still care about social approval. They just care about something more than social approval. Stage Three people still care about testing their limits. They just care more about the commitments they’ve made.

Each stage represents a reshuffling of one’s <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/measure-your-life" rel="noopener noreferrer">life priorities </a>. It’s for this reason that when one transitions from one stage to another, one will often experience a <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/how-to-let-go" rel="noopener noreferrer">fallout in one’s friendships and relationships </a>. If you were Stage Two and all of your friends were Stage Two, and suddenly you settle down, commit and get to work on Stage Three, yet your friends are still Stage Two, there will be a fundamental disconnect between your values and theirs that will be difficult to overcome.

Generally speaking, people <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/how-we-judge-others" rel="noopener">project their own stage </a>onto everyone else around them. People at Stage One will judge others by their ability to achieve social approval. People at Stage Two will judge others by their ability to push their own boundaries and try new things. People at Stage Three will judge others based on their commitments and what they’re able to achieve. People at Stage Four judge others based on what they stand for and what they’ve chosen to live for.

Self-development is often portrayed as a rosy, flowery progression from dumbass to enlightenment that involves a lot of joy, prancing in fields of daisies, and high-fiving two thousand people at a seminar you paid way too much to be at.

But the truth is that transitions between the life stages are usually triggered by <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/how-to-grow-from-your-pain" rel="noopener noreferrer">trauma or an extreme negative event </a>in one’s life. A near-death experience. A divorce. A failed friendship or a death of a loved one.

Trauma causes us to step back and re-evaluate our deepest motivations and decisions. It allows us to reflect on whether our strategies to <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/stop-trying-to-be-happy" rel="noopener noreferrer">pursue happiness </a>are actually working well or not.

The same thing gets us stuck at every stage: a sense of personal inadequacy.

People get stuck at Stage One because they always feel as though they are somehow flawed and different from others, so they put all of their effort into conforming into what those around them would like to see. No matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.

Stage Two people get stuck because they feel as though they should always be doing more, doing something better, <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/fear-of-missing-out" rel="noopener noreferrer">doing something new and exciting </a>, improving at something. But no matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.

Stage Three people get stuck because they feel as though they have not generated enough meaningful influence in the world, that they have not made an impact in the specific areas that they have committed themselves to. But no matter how much they do, they feel as though it is never enough.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#footnote-8">8 </a>

One could even argue that Stage Four people feel stuck because they feel insecure that their legacy will not last or make any significant impact on future generations. They cling to it and hold on to it and promote it with every last gasping breath. But they never feel as though it is enough.

The solution at each stage is then backwards. To move beyond Stage One, you must accept that you will never be enough for everybody all the time, and therefore you must make decisions for yourself.

To move beyond Stage Two, you must accept that you will never be capable of accomplishing everything you can dream of and desire, and therefore you must zero in on what matters most and commit to it.

To move beyond Stage Three, you must realize that time and energy are limited, and therefore you must refocus your attention toward helping others take over the meaningful projects you began.

To move beyond Stage Four, you must realize that change is inevitable, and that the influence of one person, no matter how great, no matter how powerful, no matter how meaningful, will eventually dissipate.

We all think we know ourselves well, but psychological studies show otherwise. In fact, most of us are somewhat deluded about ourselves. I put together a 22-page ebook explaining how we can come to know ourselves better, just fill out your email in the form.

You’ll also receive updates on new articles, books and other things I’m working on. You can opt out at any time. See my <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/privacy-policy">privacy policy </a>.

<ol><li>Often this occurs because the adults/community themselves are still stuck in Stage One.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-1">↵ </a> </li><li>Some people who get stuck in Stage One get stuck because they come to believe that they will never be able to fit in. These people usually succumb to some form of distraction, <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/5-books-for-dealing-with-anxiety-and-depression" rel="noopener noreferrer">depression </a>, or addiction.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-2">↵ </a> </li><li>I put normal in quotes because, really, what the fuck is normal?<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-3">↵ </a> </li><li>Stages can overlap to a certain extent. Transitioning between them is never black/white. It happens gradually. And often with some <a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/how-to-grow-from-your-pain" rel="noopener noreferrer">emotional stress </a>and major lifestyle changes.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-4">↵ </a> </li><li>This applies to the rare individuals who are talented and capable enough to still remain highly influential and relevant into their 70s and 80s as well. Stage Three doesn’t end until the desire for some peace and quiet outweighs one’s ability to affect change in the world. Some people die without ever leaving Stage Three.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-5">↵ </a> </li><li>For more on this, see <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0684832402/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0684832402&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=entsblo-20&amp;linkId=D7JMPTEN7WC3NEZO" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Denial of Death </a>by Ernest Becker.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-6">↵ </a> </li><li>Research shows that generally people become happier and more satisfied as their lives go on. More specifically, happiness appears to have a U shape where it reaches the minimum in middle age then increases into old age. See: Blanchflower, D. G., &amp; Oswald, A. J. (2008). <a dir="ltr" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030" rel="noopener">Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? </a>Social Science &amp; Medicine , 66 (8), 1733–1749.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-7">↵ </a> </li><li>One way to think about it is that people who are stuck at Stage Two always feel as though they need more breadth of experience, whereas Stage Three people get stuck because they always feel as though they need more depth.<a dir="ltr" href="https://markmanson.net/four-stages-of-life?utm_campaign=mmnet-blog-v2-09a-four-stages-of-life&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=mmnet-blog&amp;utm_content=read-the-four-stages-of-life&amp;vgo_ee=4egJkP9GFrAO7eNME8VS9xwUnRnlmwiuCIJkd9A7F3A%3D#refmark-8">↵ </a> </li> </ol>

The Four Stages of Life

Stage One: Mimicking

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