LuX Clara's Key Ideas from No Blame Approach
by Barbara Maines

For spotting a bullying case we need to focus on certain actions, signals and sources of information.

1. Actions: physical attacks, non physical attacks, social blaming, vandalizing school tools, cyberbullying
2. Signals change of behavior like augmented aggressivity or pullback, worsened school grades, isolation, searching for safety
3. Sources of information: the victim itself, other pupils, parents and family members, colleagues

In the case of bullying, you can define 6 different typical roles in addition to those affected

1. Bullies

2. Assistants

3. Amplifier

5. Defender

6. Spectators

7. Endurer (suffer because they see what is happening and feel like they can't do anything)

Bullying one person can increase cohesion in the rest of the class, just like clarifying identity in a group. In addition, the bullied person serves as a lightning rod for displeasure and provides topics for conversation and entertainment for the class.

Therefore, the whole class does not always want the harassment to stop. If the teaching staff underlines this with statements ("he or she is actually a bit weird"), the situation becomes more difficult for those concerned and seems unsolvable.

There are a number of mechanisms of action that enable the interaction of different people in the bullying system and even help to reinforce it. These factors are to blame: assignment, fear and threats, not intervention, school organizational framework

In the early 1990s, the two authors were brought in on a special case of bullying and developed a 7-point plan. This has proven to be successful. In the years that followed, the concept was further developed and also transferred to many other countries (including Germany, Sweden, Austria)