It’s basically a battle between top-down hierarchy and lateral network building, The way that power has been exercised in our society through these decades of mass systems has been about people in conference rooms arguing with each other over control of these mass mechanisms. They argue over ad campaigns, new car models, presidential nominees, etc.With the arrival of the internet, anybody could build anything they want, put out any information and organize any movement; it was fundamentally disruptive. It’s lateral peer-to-peer, and there is no central node

How Does Technology Impact Social Hierarchies?

The new kids on the block are educated on the internet, their depth of technological, financial, and cultural knowledge is very broad. They are idealists and have an intuitive sense of how new technologies could be harnessed to improve the world, and they actually have the power to do it.There is a continuous movement of new people, ideas, and new ways of doing things, and they have systems that will support them. In every sector, we are going to see better ways of doing things (organizing economy, productive activity, job opportunities, education)

The arrival of new kids of different backgrounds with wild ideas and advanced skillsets

In Marc’s view, the education system is completely unfixableIt’s an old system that has been on autopilot for 100 years and doesn’t fit anywhere anymore. It suffered the same fate as every institution that goes across multiple generations.He doesn’t believe in school reforms, he thinks it’s a waste of time and money trying to reform a system that has no intention of being reformed. Reform is impossible, there is only one solution: build the new system

The Problem With the Education System

The WEIRDest People in the World by Joseph HenrichThe Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom by James BurnhamThe best book on politics of the 20th centuryThe Revolt of The Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium by Martin GurriThe Ancient City by Numa Denis Fustel De CoulangesNot very popular, but it had a big impact on Marc’s thinking

Books which Marc keeps coming back to

Based on 1984, a novel by George Orwell technology is used to control the masses. Technology with the potential to disrupt hierarchical control instead ends up enabling top-down control.Analyzing Martin Gurri’s scenario of nihilism Marc says Peer-to-peer networks are good at destroying but they are not necessarily good at building.The internet is very good at tearing down hierarchies but it has not yet proven its ability to build governance systems.Can you have a functioning democracy if what you have are people arguing with each other and never forming instruments of state power?

Pessimistic Prediction for the Next Ten Years

I no longer think there are any qualified people starting tech companies that have bad ideas, it’s just a question of timing and execution.

Marc asks the following questions to better understand claims about the negative effects of technology:<ul><li>Is this the first generation of technology for which they have made those claims?</li><li>Were the claims different or were they the same? If they are, how are they playing out differently this time?</li></ul>The key facet is social change (reordering of the power and status structure), it’s not about technological change. Power and status are the core battles.All the people who have achieved positions of power and authority due to prior generations of technology are now threatened by new technology.

Social Reaction to new technology

You can “borrow” mental models of people you admire; Ask yourself, what would they say in the face of any particular challenge you are trying to solve.Read about their thought process if they have talked about or written about it.Ellon Musk uses first principles thinking; we all assume too many thingsStrip the things down to basics and start the logical thought process from beginningGo deeper into the idea and build your way back upPeter Thiel’s core modelBased on René Girard’s teachings about mimetic behaviors (people copying behavior between each other)

Mental Models of Highly Successful People (Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Andy Grove, and Others)

If the strategy involves 10 bets, you don’t get evaluated based on any particular bet, or even an average, yet the total performance of the basket investmentIf one of those bets accounts for 99% of the profit of the basket then that is a perfectly fine outcome. You can make risky bets in a way where you know you are not going to lose everything if you don’t score 100%This is the nature of all probabilistic domains.All creative artists live in this probabilistic world where they can do that.

Strategy before decision

Stress test your ideas through a lens that’s not just your preconceptions.

What every venture capital capitalist of all time has in common is that each of them missed almost all of the great deals of their generation.The bad news is that you are going to make that kind of mistake. But the good news is that you don’t have to score 100%; you can take chances. Success or failure is not at the unit of an individual investment. It’s at the level of a portfolio, and these portfolio effects are everywhere; level of a fund, at the level of a strategy, etc

How Probabilistic Thinking Can Help You Make Great Decisions

Learning from experience is natural, but you have to understand the domain in which you are operatingIn a deterministic domain (e.g. standardized testing) not getting a 100% and asking what you did wrong makes sense; you didn’t study enough, read the material, etc.But this doesn’t work for probabilistic domains; because your goal should not be going for 100%.In the probabilistic domain, some percentage is always going to fail by definitionBy trying to explain something that is fundamentally based on randomness, you are only deluding yourself and making your life miserable

How to Extract the Right Lesson From an Experience?

Marc Andreessen “reads backward” to reveal the patterns of societal reaction to new technology, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the future of the Internet, and why he thinks the education system is unfixable

 Silicon Valley icon Marc Andreessen explores investing, decision making, and the art of solving unsolvable problems.    In this discussion, Andreessen reveals why the Internet has become the conduit for some people to disrupt traditional power structures and for others to enforce them, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the future of the Internet, assessing judgment, and the book he turns to for insight.    Andreessen is a co-founder and general partner at the venture-capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, and has invested in companies such as Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter and Skype, among others. He co-created the highly influential Mosaic internet browser and co-founded Netscape, and has been named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time.    The books recommended by Marc Andreessen in this episode are:   The WEIRDest People in the World, by Joseph Henrich The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom, by James Burnham The Revolt of The Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium, by Martin Gurri The Ancient City, by Numa Denis Fustel De Coulanges     -- Want even more? Members get early access, hand-edited transcripts, member-only episodes, and so much more. Learn more here: https://fs.blog/membership/ Every Sunday our Brain Food newsletter shares timeless insights and ideas that you can use at work and home. Add it to your inbox: https://fs.blog/newsletter/ Follow Shane on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/ShaneAParrish

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Master the best of what other people have already figured out so you can use their lessons in your life to create an unstoppable advantage.   Shane Parrish is an entrepreneur and sought-after speaker. His newsletter (https://fs.blog/podcast) offers timeless insights you can use to change your life.    In The Knowledge Project, Shane interviews people at the top of their game. Every episode is packed with hard-earned lessons that you can use in your life. Tune in to create an unstoppable advantage.   Sit down and learn from the best. Previous guests include Reid Hoffman, Esther Perel, Daniel Kahneman, Tobi Lutke, Marshall Goldsmith, Kunal Shah, Ander Huberman, David Sinclair, Ret. General Stanley McChrystal, Marc Andreessen, Patrick Collison, Robert Cialdini, Walter Isaacson, Chris Bosh, Kat Cole, Adam Grant, Angela Duckworth, Seth Godin, Matt Mullenweg, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Maria Konnikova, Bill Ackman, Annie Duke, Derek Sivers, Jim Collins, Naval Ravikant, and many others. They reveal hard-earned lessons on leadership, decision-making, hiring and firing, productivity, habits, and more.   New episodes are released every second Tuesday.   Learn more at https://fs.blog/podcast