Pharmacological. These altered states include short-term changes caused by psychoactive substances, such as LSD MDMA, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and alcohol.
Psychological. Hypnosis, meditation, and music can lead to altered mental states.
Physical and physiological. An altered state of consciousness is achieved through sleep, where dreams dissociate one from reality.
Pathological. A traumatic experience causing brain damage can lead to an altered state of consciousness. Other sources include epileptic or psychotic episodes.
Spontaneous. Daydreaming and mind wandering can cause altered states.
Personal values can be ethical, moral, ideological, social, or even aesthetic. Values are mostly transmitted through parenting, but our cultural environment also plays a role.
For instance, American parents tend to value intellectual knowledge; Swedish parents value security and happiness; and Dutch parents value independence and the ability to stick to a schedule.
There are four different personal value orientations based on our "terminal values " - our desirable states of existence, and "instrumental values" - the means by which we achieve our end goals.
Personal-competence."I value wisdom (terminal), which I believe can be achieved through independent thinking (instrumental)."
Personal-moral: "I valued true friendship (terminal), which I believe can be achieved through honesty (instrumental)."
Social-competence: "I valued equality (terminal), which I think can be achieved through ambitious work (instrumental)."
Social-moral:"I value national security (terminal), which I believe can be achieved through obedience (instrumental)."
Laziness or Sloth is the disinclination to use energy and is seen as a negative trait in most cultures. Being lazy has also been associated with being a slacker, or a good-for-nothing person wastin...
"Progress isn’t made by early risers. It’s made by lazy men trying to find easier ways to do something".
"Progress isn’t made by early risers. It’s made by lazy men trying to find easier ways to do something".
Humans may be seeing laziness upside down, as it may not really be a sign of inefficiency or unproductivity, but a result of being able to work smartly and free up time to do nothing. Sitting lazily can also trigger further smart work.