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Gestalt Psychology
- This school of psychology is based on the idea that we experience things as unified wholes.
- The approach started in the late 19th century in response to the molecular approach of structuralism.
- Instead of breaking down thoughts and behaviour to their smallest parts, the gestalt psychologists believed you should view the whole of experience.
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Cognitive School of Psychology
- Cognitive psychology studies mental processes, including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. It is related to other disciplines such as neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.
- This branch of psychology emerged during the 1950s as a response to behav...
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The Behaviourist School of Thought
- Behaviourism suggests that all behaviours can be explained by environmental causes. It includes classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
- This school of thought became dominant in the 1950s and had a significant influence on the course of psychology.
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The Humanistic School of Thought
- Humanistic psychology is a response to psychoanalysis and behaviourism and focuses on individual free will, personal growth, and self-actualisation.
- This school of thought is focused on helping people achieve and fulfil their potential. It had a huge influence on ...
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1.87K reads
Psychology: Early Schools of Thought
- Structuralism was the first school of thought and focused on breaking down mental processes into their most basic elements using techniques such as introspection. Major thinkers are Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener.
- Functionalism...
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When Psychology Became A Separate Scientific Discipline
When psychology developed as a science that was separate from biology and philosophy, they did not know how to describe the human mind and behaviour.
Different schools of psychology emerged that represent major theories within psychology. At first, psychologists identified...
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The Psychoanalytic School of Thought
Psychoanalysis emphasises the influence of the unconscious mind on behaviour.
Sigmund Freud found this school of thought. He believed that the mind was composed of three elements that interacted to create complex human behaviours:
- Id consists of p...
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The Beginnings of Psychology
Psychology was not separate from philosophy until the late 1800s.
- During the 17th century, philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the idea of dualism - that the mind and body were two entities that interact to complete the human experience.
- While early philosophers relied on ...
When Psychology Became A Separate Scientific Discipline
When psychology developed as a science that was separate from biology and philosophy, they did not know how to describe the human mind and behaviour.
Different schools of psychology emerged that represent major theories within psychology. At first, psychologists identified...
Functionalism
William James was one of the major American psychologists during the mid to late 1800s.
- His classic textbook "The Principles of Psychology" became the standard text in psychology and served for the basis of functionalism.
- Functionalism was about how behavior works to help pe...
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