The standard candle method
If we know the intrinsic brightness of an object in space - that is, how bright an object really is - then we can estimate its distance from how bright it appears to us from Earth.
- One type of standard candle is a 'Cepheid variable'. Cepheid variables are a type of star that has a consistent relationship between their intrinsic brightness and how fast they pulsate. (If it pulsates at x speed, you know its intrinsic brightness is y.)
- Supernovae is another kind of standard candle and allows astronomers to calculate to the standard candle's home galaxy.
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