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Common biases when solving problems
We tend to solve problems in superficial ways. When we make everyday decisions, our mind often only weighs the immediate information so that it can build a coherent story, even if the story is incomplete or unreliable.
- WYSIATI, or "What you see is all there is" refers to the fact that we usually make our judgments according to the information we have available, even if the information is incomplete.
- Confirmations bias compounds WYSIATI. We tend to find more evidence to support our current belief.
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Identify all the possible explanations
The favoured approach is not deductive logic, which is reasoning based on known facts, but abductive logic, which identifies the best possible explanation in the absence of complete knowledge. Doctors make use of abductive reasoning. They are given a set of symptoms and diagn...
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Benefits of thinking like a detective
Clear thinking is essential for every aspect of life, yet many of us have not really learnt how to think and make safe judgments under pressure.
When you learn to think like a detective, you can gain an advantage in the following areas:
- It can help you think sharp...
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Thinking like a detective takes practice
Whether you have to work out why a product launch failed, why your kid is struggling at school or why your smartphone has stopped working, it is essential to think more systematically.
But you won't always know everything and perhaps won't ever know. If you learn how to write down your und...
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Use a mind map to keep track of the possibilities
When constructing alternative options, you may find that you will gather more possibilities than you perhaps thought of in the beginning. To assist our minds, we need practical methods and information-handling tools to keep track. This will reduce the risk to jump to conclusions....
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Embrace the investigative mindset
- Assume nothing
- Believe nothing
- Challenge and check everything
It is hard to resist our automatic assumptions and our need for closure. Therefore, always ask yourself what you do know and what...
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Recruit a critical friend
We will always forget something or not have all the facts. That's why an open-minded and critical friend can be indispensable.
Evidence and new perspectives can be found where you least expect them. It is essential to hold back your own opinion, ask open-ended questions, and use silence an...
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Test the alternative explanations to narrow your investigation
Use a systematic approach to eliminate as many explanations as possible through falsification.
- Collect the available information.
- Check the facts for accuracy and relevancy.
- Connect the dots. Do dif...
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How to make a good decision
Expert detectives have two main qualities:
- Detached involvement
- The ability to keep on asking questions
Good investigators don't make quick judgements. They know that their mind will try to convince them that their first impression is right. Instead, they force...
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Common Biases
- Actor-Observer Bias: the way the explanation of other people’s behaviour tends to focus on the influence of their personality while being less focused on the situation while being just the opposite while explaining one’s own behaviour.
- Zeigarnik Effect
Common cognitive biases
- The Dunning-Kruger Effect: You believe that you're smarter or more skilled than you are, which prevents you from admitting your limitations and weaknesses.
- Confirmation Bias: When you welcome information that you agree with while disregarding evide...
Our Reaction To A Name
When we hear a name, our belief patterns, assumptions, biases and prejudices provide us with cues that can affect our judgement, and may or may not be factually correct.
This even leads to gender bias, as female names tend to have softer, timid sounds, indicating smallness...
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