<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Don't use the word "dream" when talking about your dream car, dream house, dream life. This word makes your brain think that it's something unobtainable, far away, and difficult right now. When in fact, you can start achieving it now.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Trick your brain; your brain hates difficult (you can relate to this when you procrastinate) so choose your words and labels properly.</li></ul>

Don't Say It's Your "Dream" Car

<ul><li>Normalizing. Normalize the feeling of driving that car; test drive it; imagine the feeling of owning that house; hang around with people who have the life you want to have.</li><li>Desensitize. To do the things mentioned above you might feel the "oh cr*p; this is way above me, i don't belong here, this is too much."</li><li>For example when you first try driving around the neighborhood of rich people you'll be like "omg" but for the 20th time you'll be like "oh it's just a house; they're just people like me, i can do this." You got used to it.</li><li>If you wanna be a successful person then act like one.</li></ul>

Own It Energetically Before Owning It Physically

<ul><li>Don't be jealous, don't curse other people because they have what you want.</li><li>Negativity only detracts what you want instead of attracting it.</li><li>A good practice for example is to think that you have that money too, it's yours, it's just not in your pocket YET.</li></ul>

Attract Don't Detract

Episode 408 - Do you know what you want? Let me tell you how to attract it into your life right now! Check this episode out to learn more...

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

The Mindset Mentor - How to Get What You Want NOW

What it takes to be an expert?Which experts have real expertise?In summary, the video asserts that becoming a real expert 10,000 hours of practice (rule of thumb popularized by Malcolm Gladwell) by itself is not sufficient. There are four criteria that must be met. <ol><li>Many repeated attempts</li><li>Validity of environment</li><li>Timely feedback</li><li>Deliberate Practice</li></ol>And in areas where these criteria aren't met, it's impossible to become an expert.

Introduction

This one goes in hand with the traditional idea of practicing 10000 hours.For instance, tennis players hit hundreds of fore hands in practice. Chess players play thousands of games before they're grand masters and physicists solve thousands of physics problems.

1. Many Repetitions

Certain professionals can't achieve 'expertise' because the work they do is random and has low validity environment.A gambler betting at the roulette wheel  may have thousands of repeated experiences with the same event.  And for each one, they get clear feedback in the form of whether they win or lose, but you would rightfully not consider them an expert because the environment is low validity.Similarly vast majority of stock pickers and active investment managers, do not demonstrate expert performance because stocks are a low validity environment.

2. Valid environment

Growth happens when someone presents a perspective that causes an individual to reevaluate their current position.In particular, feedback is about helping people close the gap between where they currently are with regards to their performance, and where they need to go to achieve their goals.

3. Timely feedback

If you want to keep improving you have to put yourself in challenging situations.In order to get to an expert level, you have to be practicing at the edge of your ability, pushing beyond your comfort zone. You have to use a lot of concentration and methodically repeatedly attempt things you aren't good at.This is where coaches and teachers can play an important role. They can recognize your weaknesses and assign tasks to address them.

4. Deliberate practice 

Do they have extraordinarily high IQs, superior spatial reasoning compared to the average, or better short-term memories? It turns out that chess masters are not particularly exceptional on any of these measures as a whole.Chess experts don't have better memory in general, but they have better memory specifically for chess positions that could occur in a real game.Magnus Carlsen(Chess World Champion) recognizes chess positions the same way we recognize faces. And recognition leads directly to intuition.

What makes experts like
chess masters special?

This can be shown using an experiment carried out with Humans and Rats. There was a red button and a green button that can each light up. 80% of the time, the green button lights up. And 20% of the time the red button lights up, but randomly. So you can never be sure which button will light. And the task for the subject, either rat or human, is to guess beforehand which button will light up by pressing it. For the rat, if they guess right, they get a bit of food. And if they guess wrong, a mild electric shock.

Humans have hard time accepting average results

The rat quickly learns to press only the green button and accept the 80% win percentage. Humans on the other hand, usually press the green button. But once in a while, they try to predict when the red light will go on. And as a result, they guess right only 68% of the time. We have a hard time accepting average results.

To become an expert, you have to practice for thousands of hours in the uncomfortable zone, attempting the things you can't do quite yet.At its core, expertise is recognition. And recognition comes from the incredible amount of highly structured information stored in long-term memory. To build that memory, requires four things: many repetitions, a valid environment, timely feedback, and thousands of hours of deliberate practice.

Conclusion

We often think only practice is required to be an expert but that's not enough to become a true expert and reach at top!

Which experts have real expertise? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Thanks to https://www.chess24.com/ and Chessable for the clip of Magnus. ▀▀▀ Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive psychology, 4(1), 55-81. – https://ve42.co/chess1 Calderwood, R., Klein, G. A., & Crandall, B. W. (1988). Time pressure, skill, and move quality in chess. The American Journal of Psychology, 481-493. – https://ve42.co/chess2 Hogarth, R. M., Lejarraga, T., & Soyer, E. (2015). The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 379-385. – https://ve42.co/Hogarth Ægisdóttir, S., White, M. J., Spengler, P. M., Maugherman, A. S., Anderson, L. A., Cook, R. S., ... & Rush, J. D. (2006). The meta-analysis of clinical judgment project: Fifty-six years of accumulated research on clinical versus statistical prediction. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(3), 341-382. – https://ve42.co/anderson1 Ericsson, K. A. (2015). Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Academic Medicine, 90(11), 1471-1486. – https://ve42.co/anderson2 Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1. – https://ve42.co/goldberg1 Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363. – https://ve42.co/anderson3 Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 149-158. – https://ve42.co/chunking1 Tetlock, P. E. (2017). Expert political judgment. In Expert Political Judgment. Princeton University Press. – https://ve42.co/Tetlock Melton, R. S. (1952). A comparison of clinical and actuarial methods of prediction with an assessment of the relative accuracy of different clinicians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota. Meehl, E. P. (1954). Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press. – https://ve42.co/Meehl1954 Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. – https://ve42.co/Kahneman ▀▀▀ Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀ Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev Animation by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images Music from Epidemic Sound (https://ve42.co/music) Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

habits

Habits

Which experts have real expertise? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.

Thanks to https://www.chess24.com/ and Chessable for the clip of Magnus.

▀▀▀
Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive psychology, 4(1), 55-81. – https://ve42.co/chess1

Calderwood, R., Klein, G. A., & Crandall, B. W. (1988). Time pressure, skill, and move quality in chess. The American Journal of Psychology, 481-493. – https://ve42.co/chess2

Hogarth, R. M., Lejarraga, T., & Soyer, E. (2015). The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 379-385. – https://ve42.co/Hogarth

Ægisdóttir, S., White, M. J., Spengler, P. M., Maugherman, A. S., Anderson, L. A., Cook, R. S., ... & Rush, J. D. (2006). The meta-analysis of clinical judgment project: Fifty-six years of accumulated research on clinical versus statistical prediction. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(3), 341-382. – https://ve42.co/anderson1

Ericsson, K. A. (2015). Acquisition and maintenance of medical expertise: a perspective from the expert-performance approach with deliberate practice. Academic Medicine, 90(11), 1471-1486.  – https://ve42.co/anderson2

Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1. – https://ve42.co/goldberg1

Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363. – https://ve42.co/anderson3

Egan, D. E., & Schwartz, B. J. (1979). Chunking in recall of symbolic drawings. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 149-158. – https://ve42.co/chunking1

Tetlock, P. E. (2017). Expert political judgment. In Expert Political Judgment. Princeton University Press. – https://ve42.co/Tetlock

Melton, R. S. (1952). A comparison of clinical and actuarial methods of prediction with an assessment of the relative accuracy of different clinicians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota. 

Meehl, E. P. (1954). Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press. – https://ve42.co/Meehl1954

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. – https://ve42.co/Kahneman

▀▀▀
Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal 

▀▀▀
Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Animation by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli  
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound (https://ve42.co/music)
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

An element of truth - videos about science, education, and anything else I find interesting.

Veritasium

The 4 things it takes to be an expert

You Talk to Yourself is a book by Shad Helmstetter, a self-help guru who has written several pieces on the subject of self-talk, and who argues that in order to achieve our highest self we need to work on how we talk to ourselves and identify our biggest challenge to conquer.Shad Helmstetter‘s book, What To Say When You Talk To Yourself, is a comprehensive guide to mastering self-talk. The author argues that we need to upgrade our self-programming system by overhauling our self-talk and replacing it with more effective and productive thoughts.

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself – Book Summary

We make our own choices about what we believe and why, and then we act on those beliefs. At every level, this is what determines our success or failure—and our happiness or unhappiness. For this reason, we have to master self-talk if we want to live a happier life.

<ul><li>Thoughts turn into electrical impulses, which in turn become actions.</li><li>To create the life we want, we must take a step back and reprogram our mind.</li><li>Understanding how self-talk works is the first step to reprogramming your mind. </li></ul>In the next lines, we’ll explore these lessons in detail and teach you how to reprogram your mind to improve self-talk.

Here are three of the most important lessons from this book:

Your inner dialogue is private—no one else can hear it except you! So if you’re ever worried about what someone else might think of how you speak to yourself, remember that they don’t know! Just like most people don’t know what kind of inner dialogues other people are having with themselves all day long either!So, if you want a better life then start talking more positively to yourself today! Why? Well, let’s see. The book states that thoughts turn into electrical impulses, which in turn become actions. We all have thoughts, and those become actions pretty quickly.

Lesson 1: Everything we are comes from our thoughts.

From how you look at the world to how you act towards others, your thoughts determine your life. When you talk to yourself, you are programming your mind with the ideas that will shape the future. The more you think about something, the more likely it is that you will act on it in the future.When you talk to yourself about what needs to be done, what needs to be fixed or improved, what needs to be changed or avoided altogether—these are all things that will have a lasting impact on your life and the lives of those around you.

When you want to achieve your goals, it’s crucial to think positively and take the initiative in an actionable manner. Thoughts are the driving force behind our actions. They can be positive or negative, and they can help us move forward or hold us back. If you have a bad habit, you probably know exactly what thought pattern keeps you stuck in that habit. We all want to change our habits for the better, but if we don’t understand how our thoughts work and how they impact our actions, we’re not going to get very far!

Lesson 2: Everything we want is achievable through mind reprogramming.

That’s why it’s important to understand how your brain works: More or less, thoughts turn into electrical impulses and then into actions. To leverage the process, start reprogramming your mind to work for you, not against you.

According to the author, the process of reprogramming your mind goes like this:<ul><li>Programming creates beliefs.</li><li>Beliefs create attitudes.</li><li>Attitudes create feelings.</li><li>Feelings determine actions.</li><li>Actions create results</li><li>The single best method of applying the reprogramming framework to your mind is to literally talk yourself into it. Improve your inner talk and notice the differences in your life.</li></ul>

Reprogramming starts with replacing old and negative thoughts with refreshing perspectives that will serve you well in life. To replace such pessimistic thoughts, you must first identify them and then find a better option to fill your mind with.

Lesson 3: Understand self-talk before you attempt to change it.

It all begins with the five levels of self-talk that the author presents:<ul><li>Negative acceptance – This level is where many of us are trapped in. Some signs that may show you’re stuck here consist of negative talk like “I can’t do this”, “I will never get there”, and other negations.</li><li>Recognition and need to change – Here people often use expressions such as “I need to change”, “I should do so”, “I will do something about it”, etc.</li><li>Decision to change – This is a powerful level to find yourself into. Here you are committed to change and want to improve yourself for good.</li></ul>

<ul><li>The better you – This level is where you feel in control of your life and you recognize that you are the agent of change. Here you’re adopting the winner mentality.</li><li>Universal affirmation – In the last level you are universally committed to live your life meaningfully and purposefully. Here you take actionable change easier, and experience openness with the Universe.</li></ul>

Now, take a moment to reflect on your self-talk. Where are you on this scale? What is it that you could improve when it comes to talking to yourself? Words, even unspoken, have a tremendous effect on your actions. If you want to change your life, start by changing your words.

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself is an amazing read for anyone who wants to start improving themselves from within. Inner dialogue is not only important, but it also affects our lives in ways we might not even realize. The way we talk to ourselves can impact everything from how we see the world to how we make decisions and interact with others.The author explains that we should be talking to ourselves like a friend would talk to a friend—with kindness, understanding, and encouragement.

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself – Book Review

The book was written in 1986 but it’s still relevant today, as it’s full of timeless truths about how we communicate with ourselves and how that affects our lives in both good ways and bad ways!Who would I recommend the What to Say When You Talk to Yourself summary to?The 35-year-old person who is struggling with anxiety and overthinking, the 28-year-old person who wants to build their self-confidence, or the 45-year-old person going through a mid-life crisis and wants to deepen their connection with themselves.

“We control our own minds most everything in our lives, including our health, our careers, our relationships, and our futures.”-Shad Helmstetter

Author Quote

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself - Book Review

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself summary shows that in order to achieve our highest self we need to work on how we talk to ourselves.

mindfulness

Mindfulness

mentalhealth

Mental Health

What to Say When You Talk to Yourself Summary

Is the day already over and you haven’t done even half of what you’d planned to do? Does this situation frustrate you? In fact, you probably find the hours, days, and weeks go by, and everything’s always the same. You never have enough time.As a rule, this phenomenon is due to poor organization. You don’t take advantage of each and every moment because you’re constantly distracted, and you spend time on goals that don’t add any value to your life, you might be a little lazy, or you leave everything to the last minute (procrastination).

Do you have enough time?

By filling your work schedule and occupying all your time and mental space doing things, you don’t have the chance to think about your own existence. Thus, the “I don’t have time” serves as a mechanism for not seeing being alone with yourself and all those questions and existential anguish that torment you when you take a break.Your lack of time helps you get rid of uncomfortable questions like “Is this really the life I want to lead?” The noise of the activities allows you to dodge such a question.

You’re afraid to be alone

Multitasking can hamper your productivity by reducing your comprehension, attention, and overall performance . Research has discovered that multitasking affects the speed and accuracy with which pharmacy doctoral students identify prescription errors.Although you may feel that you work faster when you multitask, the truth is that you don’t. You work slower and less efficiently when multitasking (Cherry, 2021).Humans experience serious difficulty in multitasking, due to the way attention and executive control work.

You have a habit of working in multitasking mode

If you don’t have time for anything, it’s highly likely that you have an activity prioritization problem. This means you don’t know how to classify your tasks by their degree of importance or you don’t dedicate to them the time they deserve.Try not to start something without first asking yourself, “Do I really need to do it now?” If your answer is no, then don’t do it. Do the most important and priority tasks first. Then, move on to the other things. Prioritizing ensures that you use your time efficiently.

You have difficulty prioritizing

If you don’t review your schedules and plans, you may end up wasting your time and energy on things that are no longer useful or necessary. Ultimately, this will leave you feeling as if you don’t have enough time. That’s because your priorities have changed, but you’re still doing the same old thing yet expecting different results.

You have an agenda, but you don’t pay attention to it

Clutter decreases your productivity and your chances of doing everything you’ve planned. If you don’t manage your time properly, you won’t have enough. One study has found that practicing time management strategies also contributes to improving time management skills. This means the longer you spend practicing managing your day, the better you’ll get at it.The study also found that time management behaviors are positively related to perceived time control, job satisfaction, and health, and negatively related to stress.

You’re disorganized

You may not have time because you don’t sleep well. Sleep is necessary for your organic functioning and also for your mental one. An absence of quality rest is associated with reduced general well-being, performance, and productivity. If your cognitive performance and productivity are reduced, how do you expect to be able to do everything you’ve planned?One study has demonstrated that people who sleep an average of seven to eight hours perform better in cognitive tasks of reasoning and problem-solving.

You don't sleep well

You don’t know how to say no to a plan, a commitment, or someone else’s request. This lack of assertiveness ends up taking away the time you might’ve had for other important things you want to do. Finding time for yourself should always be your top priority. So make sure you prioritize yourself and your well-being above others.

You don’t know how to say no

If you never have time for what’s important, maybe it’s because you’re filling your schedule with activities or tasks that meet other people’s needs and not your own. For example, perhaps you’d prefer to stay at home on your sofa reading that novel you’ve just bought or watch the movie that’s been recommended to you, but you can’t because you don’t have time, as you have a thousand more commitments to fulfill as well as tasks that are overdue. That’s because you’ve spent too long pleasing others.

You seek to please others

If you never have time to do everything you've planned, try to focus on managing both your time and your activities.

productivity

Productivity

timemanagement

Time Management

Why Don't You Ever Have Enough Time?

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentional_bias">Attentional Bias</a>: subconsciously we choose points where we pay attention to. A smoker is more likely to notice other people smoking.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect">Illusory Truth Effect</a>: by repeatedly hearing false information we come to believe it is the truth.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect">Mere Exposure Effect</a>: we give preference to things we have seen more often or are familiar with.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context_effect">Context Effect</a>: the context in which we see something affects how we look at something and what value we place on it.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability_heuristic">Availability Heuristic</a>: memories that happened recently outweigh memories with more impact from the past.

151 Cognitive Biases

Picture Superiority Effect: we remember pictures better than text.Self-Reference Effect: things we feel related to we remember better.Negativity Bias: people are more likely to be attracted to negativity.Anchoring: we hammer down on the first piece of information we receive, we interpret new information from the first piece of information.Conservatism Bias: we do not sufficiently revise our opinion when we’re shown new evidence.Contrast Effect: red dots on a white background appear black, but on a gray background they appear red.

Self-serving Bias: we want to keep our self-esteem high, therefore we think that success comes from our own ability and we write off mistakes to external factors.Illusion of Control: we overestimate our ability to influence certain events.Illusory Superiority: we overestimate our own ability and our own qualities over those of others.Trait Ascription Bias: we consider ourselves unpredictable in terms of personality, behavior and mood while we consider others predictable.Effort Justification: the value we place on an outcome is determined by the energy we had to put into it.

Risk Compensation: we become more cautious when risk is high and become less cautious when we feel confident and secure.Hyperbolic Discounting / Instant Gratification: we prefer a reward if we get it sooner, we unconsciously attach a discount to a reward that is further away.Appeal to Novelty: underestimate the status quo and think that new is always better.Identifiable Victim Effect: we are more willing to help if we see one victim than if a large group needs the same help.Zeigarnik Effect: we remember unfinished tasks better than completed tasks.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue-dependent_forgetting">Cue-Dependent Forgetting</a>: remembering certain things by thinking of equivalent memories.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_illusion">Frequency Ilussion / Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon</a>: if you see something once and start paying attention to it, you will see it more often, if you buy a car you will see the same car more often.Empathy Gap: we are bad at empathizing with others, but expect others to empathize with us.Bizarreness Effect: we remember bizarre things better than normal things.Humor Effect: we remember things with humor better than without.Von Restorff Effect: we remember one striking thing in a series of equivalent things better.

Distinction Bias: we place more value on the difference between two options when comparing them than we would if we were evaluating them separately.Framing Effect: people are influenced by the way information is presented, 20% fat or 80% fat free.Confirmation Bias / Continued Influence: we unconsciously focus on things that align with what we believe.Post-Purchase Rationalization / Choice-Supportive Bias: after making a choice, we overvalue positive attributes of the choice and forget the negative attributes of the choice.

Selective Perception: we ignore certain things if they are not in line with what we believe.Observer-Expectancy Effect: people behave differently when someone is watching them.Experimenter’s Bias / Observer Effect: a researcher can, without realizing it, influence his participants to go in a certain direction.Ostrich Effect: ignoring negative things like feedback or criticism, burying your head in the sand.Semmelweis Reflex: rejecting new evidence because it doesn’t match current norms, beliefs and paradigms.

Naïve Cynicism: we think people are more selfish than they really are.Naïve Realism / Bias Blind Spot: we think we see the world objectively and that others who don’t see it the same way are misinformed, irrational or biased.Clustering Illusion: we think we see clusters when objects are placed randomly.Insensitivity to Sample Size: looking at a statistic from a test without considering the test size. In fact, variation is greater in smaller test sizes.

Neglect of Probability: neglecting a relatively small chance that something will happen. Not wearing a seatbelt because there is a small chance of an accident happening.Anecdotal Fallacy: evidence based entirely on personal experience without real evidence.Illusion of Validity: we overestimate our ability to make decisions based on data.Gambler’s Fallacy: thinking that something will not happen soon in the future if it has happened many times in the past.Hot-Hand Fallacy: thinking that a person with success in the past is also going to have success in the future.

Illusory Correlation: seeing a correlation between two variables that are unrelated.Pareidolia: seeing patterns or objects in something that are not there. For example, seeing shapes in the clouds.Anthropomorphism: personifying an animal or object, for example, a sun with a face.Group Attribution Error: thinking that the characteristics of one person reflect the characteristics of the whole group.Stereotyping: a generalized belief about a certain category of people.Essentialism: believing that an object must have certain properties for its identity.

Functional Fixedness: using an object only for the way it traditionally should be used.Self-licensing: increased self-confidence makes an individual more likely to engage in undesirable behavior because they believe there are no consequences.Just-World Hypothesis: thinking that the world is fair and that everyone gets what is coming to them. People who do good things will be rewarded and people who do bad things will be punished.Authority Bias: we value the opinion of an authoritarian, people follow authorities rather quickly.

Automation Bias: preference of suggestions made by an automated system, even if a non-automated suggestion is better.Bandwagon Effect: adopting a certain behavior, belief, style or attitude because others do it.Placebo: believing something works is often enough to make a remedy work.Cross-Race Effect: we recognize faces of our own race better than faces of another race.In-Group Favoritism: we prefer people in our own group rather than outside the group.

Halo Effect: people, companies, brands or products are judged by their past performance or personality, even if the current or future situation has nothing to do with it.Cheerleader Effect: individual people are more attractive in a group.Positivity Effect: we tend to bring positive news.Not Invented Here: not buying or adopting ideas, products, research, standards or knowledge because they come from external sources.Reactive Devaluation: undervaluing something coming from someone who stands for something different than you.

Well Traveled Road Effect: estimating route times differently because you are unfamiliar with the route. Routes traveled more often seem to take less time than new routes.Mental Accounting: we put a value on something we have earned that is based on how we earned it, for example, did we have to work hard for it?Appeal to Probability Fallacy / Murphy’s Law: we assume that if there is a chance of something happening that it will actually happen.

Normalcy Bias: we underestimate things that might come, sometimes we don’t even believe they are going to come. For example, think of a car accident or a natural disaster.Zero Sum Bias: thinking that if one thing goes up that another will go down.Survivorship Bias: looking only at the successful subset in a larger group in which many have failed.Subadditivity Effect: judging the probability of a whole as less than the probability of separate parts.Denomination Effect: we are less likely to spend money if it is large bill money, we are more likely to spend lots of change of the same value.

Illusion of Transparency: we assume that others know how we feel.Curse of Knowledge: while communicating with others we think they know the same as us.Spotlight Effect: people feel watched, much more than they are actually watched.Extrinsic Incentives Bias: thinking that others are more motivated to do something if they receive an extrinsic reward (such as money) than for an intrinsic reward (such as learning a new skill).Illusion of External Agency: thinking that good and positive things happen because of outside influences.

Illusion of Assymetric Insight: we think we know others better than others know themselves.Rosy Retrospection: people judge the past as more positive than the present.Hindsight Bias: we think past events were more predictable than they actually were.Outcome Bias: evaluating a decision when the outcome is already known.Impact Bias / Affective Forecasting: we find it difficult to estimate how much emotional impact certain actions or events will have on us.Optimism Bias: thinking that a negative event is less likely to occur to ourselves.

Planning Fallacy: we underestimate the time a task will actually take from us, outsiders overestimate the time others need for a task.Pro-innovation Bias: not seeing the limitations and weaknesses of a particular innovation, only wanting to implement the innovation.Restraint Bias: we overestimate our ability to control impulsive behavior, we don’t think we’ll get addicted on something.Overconfidence Effect: we think we make better decisions than we actually do, especially if our self-confidence is high.

Social Desirability Bias: in conversation with others, we answer questions in a way we think will make the other person happy, personally and professionally.Third-person Effect: we overestimate the effect that mass communication has on others, but underestimate the same effect on ourselves.False Consensus Effect: we think our own behavior and the choices we make are normal, especially given the circumstances in which they occur.Hard-Easy Effect: we think that a difficult task will be a success faster than an easy task.

Dunning-Kruger Effect: people without skills overestimate their own ability, people with lots of skills underestimate their own ability.Egocentric Bias: we place too much value on our own perspective and opinion.Optimism Bias: thinking that a negative event is less likely to occur to ourselves.Barnum Effect / Forer Effect: thinking a text is about you when the text usage is so vague and general that it applies to a large group of people, this is often used in horoscopes.

Sunk Cost Fallacy: something paid for that cannot be reversed. Past costs incurred are no longer relevant to future decisions.Irrational Escalation: continuing what you were doing despite having negative outcomes because it is in line with past decisions and actions.Generation Effect: we remember things better when we have thought of them ourselves rather than having read them somewhere.Loss Aversion / Disposition Effect: we are more afraid of losing something than we are motivated to win something.

IKEA Effect: we place more value on products that we have helped create.Zero-Risk Bias: we prefer to reduce risk on subcomponents than remove a greater amount of risk over the whole.Processing Difficulty Effect: we remember information better when we have to put in work to understand it.Endowment Effect: we are more likely to keep something we already have than we would be to get the same thing if we didn’t already have it.Backfire Effect: if we reject evidence that goes against what we believe then we will believe even more strongly in what we already believe.

Reverse Psychology / Reactance: promote a belief or behavior that is opposite to the desired behavior, the person is then more inclined to start doing the opposite (the desired).Decoy Effect: people tend to make a certain choice between two options if given a third, not interesting, option.Social Comparison Effect: we tend to dislike people if they are physically or mentally better than us.Less-is-better Effect: we perceive a €50 scarf as more value when scarves are between €5 and €50 than a €55 coat when coats are between €50 and €500.

Conjunction Fallacy: we think something is more likely to happen if it contains a specific condition (loses the first set, but wins the match) than if it is presented as a general event (wins the match).Law of Triviality: focusing on non-important details (whether or not to put ‘,’ in a certain spot) when there are much more important things (campaign budget) to discuss.Rhyme-as-reason Effect: we are more likely to believe things if they are rhymed.Belief Bias: we find arguments stronger if they support what we already believe.

Information Bias: more information is not always better; we think we make better choices when we have more information, but that is often not the case.Ambiguity Bias: we prefer options that have a higher probability of success than options whose probability of success is unknown.Misattribution of Memory: we sometimes do not remember things as they happened.Source Confusion: remembering things differently after hearing other people talk about the same event.

Cryptomnesia: we see something somewhere and later remember it as something we did or made ourselves.False Memory: remembering things we think we made, but which in fact never happened.Suggestibility: we are willing to accept suggestions from others and build on them for actions, if someone says something often enough we start to believe in it.Spacing Effect: by putting more time between studies we remember things better because it gets into our long term memory.

Fading Affect Bias: memories with negative associations are forgotten faster than positive memories.Negativity Bias: we are much more attracted to negativity.Prejudice / Stereotypical Bias: we prejudge people based on the group we put them in, for example their political affiliation, gender, age, religion or perhaps race.Serial-position Effect: we remember the first and last items in a list the best, middle items the worst.Recency Effect: we best remember things that happened most recently.

Primacy Effect: we best remember information presented first.Memory Inhibition: we don’t remember much of irrelevant information.Modality Effect: the way knowledge is presented contributes to how well the knowledge is remembered. In general, knowledge is better transferred using a visual presentation.Duration Neglect: how painful or unpleasant an experience is remembered will not be determined by the duration of this painful- or unpleasantness.

Serial Recall Effect: our ability to recall items or events in order.Misinformation Effect: our ability to adjust memories of events after hearing information after the event has occurred.Peak-end Rule: the value we place on a memory is not determined by the average of that event, but is determined by its peak and end.Levels-of-Processing Effect: the better we analyze something and the more energy we put into the information the better we remember it.

Absent-mindedness: people have three reasons for not paying attention or forgetting things:<ul><li>Lack of attention</li><li>Tunnel vision on one item and forgetting the rest</li><li>Distraction by external factors</li></ul>Testing Effect: things are sent to our long-term memory faster if we have to recall/remember certain things more often.Next-in-Line Effect: things we hear/see/experience just before we need to perform we remember worse than things further in advance or after.Google Effect: we forget information that we can easily look up.Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon: not being able to bring up a particular word or phrase.

A cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them and affects the decisions and judgments that they make. Can be used in Marketing ...

marketingandsales

Marketing & Sales

education

Learning & Education

problemsolving

Problem Solving

151 Cognitive biases 

The common way to talk about happiness is as a single scale: unhappy at one end, neutral in the middle, happy at the other end.That model is wrong.Instead, happiness and unhappiness are two separate, independent scales.A good life requires tackling each one separately.

Happiness and unhappiness are two separate, independent variable

This dramatically changes how you deal with various life-problems. If someone (including yourself) is struggling with low well-being, it's important to ascertain which of two problems are happening: <ul><li>not enough happiness </li><li>too much unhappiness </li> </ul>

Not Enough Happiness Vs Too Much Unhappiness

If someone has a lot of unhappiness, they need to get rid of some negative influence in their life. If they don't have enough happiness, they need to add something positive to their life.

Get Rid Of Unhappy InfluencesAdd Positive Things

First, you can have any combination of happiness and unhappiness. For example, you can be very happy and very unhappy at once (e.g. for people who are running stressful but autonomous projects)Equally, you can feel not-at-all-happy but also not-at-all-unhappy. It's a strange kind of feeling, and very distinct from (say) "moderately happy and also slightly unhappy", or "very happy and also very unhappy (this is called anhedonia

Any Combination Of (Un)happiness Exists

Second, a lot of the best changes in your life can end up feeling weirdly neutral in the longer-term: they get rid of something really negative, but the lack-of-negative doesn't actually create a positive, and over time you forget what it was like to live with the negative every day. Removing unhappiness doesn't actually increase happiness, it just.... removes unhappiness, which is good but unrelated.

Removing Unhappiness Doesn't Add Happiness

The common way to talk about happiness is as a single scale: unhappy at one end, neutral in the middle, happy at the other end. I think that model is wrong.

health

Health

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

Happiness Is Two Scales

Daily Rituals is a compilation of the best practices and habits of successful people from different fields aimed to help anyone increase productivity, get past writer’s block, and become more creative and efficient in their everyday work.Everyone is struggling with increasing productivity, reducing procrastination, and overall improving themselves both in their professional and personal life. Certain daily habits can help us tap into the productive, undisrupted state of mind that we’re so desperately seeking to achieve.

Daily Rituals – Book Summary

Sitting at the same spot in the morning, enjoying our usual cup of coffee at the same hours, or other small habits like these contribute to increased efficiency. How do I know? Daily Rituals explains how geniuses and successful people have developed certain minuscule habits in their daily routines that helped them achieve greatness.

This is not something humanity discovered recently, as history shows. Psychologists and researchers have tried to wrap their heads around ways to trick the mind into being more focused and centered for a long time now. Luckily, they did discover some pretty interesting habits and practices that can help us do so.

<ul><li>You can become more productive by establishing daily habits, drinking coffee, and finding inspiration around.</li><li>Become ready for work by connecting with what speaks to you the most. </li><li>Keep your relationships healthy to keep being productive and focused on your work.</li></ul>Exploring these lessons in depth will help you understand their main point, so that’s what we’ll do in the following lines!

Three of my favorite lessons from this book:

There are certain things that artists, thinkers, or overall successful people in their field have in common. While they don’t do these things similarly, they do repeat certain actions that help them become more productive. One of them is working at a certain time during the day. Some artists prefer working at night, while others rely on the daytime to do things. Find your best time and try to focus on work as much as possible during those hours. The other way people become productive is by consuming certain drinks, like coffee.

Lesson 1: Inspiration can come from anything, from daily rituals, a warm drink, or a sunset.

Beethoven and Mozart were both known for drinking large amounts of coffee to become productive. While the book recommends staying away from too much of everything, and completely avoiding dangerous substances, it’s alright if you indulge in cups of tea or coffee to get in the mood for work.These accomplished people usually enjoyed such treats in their favorite spot right before work, which is also psychologically proven to boost efficiency. Our brain associates these actions with a prework sort of workout that gets us in the mood.

Lastly, writers and researchers often look for inspiration within their surroundings. They try to draw inspiration from a sunrise, plants, animals, or other elements from natural words. People that are close to you can also help you get into the mood for work. So make sure to surround yourself with these types of humans.

The book talks about different authors and their ways of staying close to their craft, becoming inspired, and writing effectively. Some found peace and motivation in nature, so they’d take long walks until inspiration struck them. Then they’d rush home to create and design their pieces.Others found that sexual intercourse or pleasure derived from bodily functions gives them enough inspiration to write for days. Baths or long showers also seemed to be popular choices for some authors. The point is, that everyone has different ways of becoming connected to themselves and becoming inspired.

Lesson 2: There are numerous ways to get inspired and stay connected to your craft.

As a writer, it can be challenging to start creating out of thin air and seeing a blank page can be that much more demoralizing. For this reason, you have to find what can help you get in the mood for work and practice that when you feel like you’re lacking motivation.

Lastly, keep in mind that there’s no wrong or right in the creative process. Everyone gets inspired or works on their craft in their particular way. What worked for these people might not prove to be efficient for you, but that’s alright. The point is to find your muse! Whether it means working during the day or night, drinking coffee, taking a shower, or anything at all.

Any social science in the world can agree on one common fact: Our relationships define us and they also affect our mood. They are the pylon of our social life and they strongly impact our mental health. Friends, partners, parents, and other family members, all have a great impact on our work.Keeping relationships in good parameters and also nurturing our ties with those we love keeps us in great mental and physical shape. The main point is to draw inspiration from these good ties and keep our souls at peace.

Lesson 3: Your connections to the people in your life can make or break your creative mind.

Authors have long relied on their partners for their well-being, treating them as a muse in the process of creation. It doesn’t come as a shock to find out that this is largely how many famous pieces of writing emerged.Partners or friends can also help us with everyday chores and alleviate some of the pressure from mundane tasks. This way, you can append more time creating and designing your craft. You can see this type of relationship in the lives of Karl Marx, Immanuel Kant, Gustav Mahler, and many more.

Do you want to inspire yourself as a writer and become as successful in life as the writers of Daily Rituals? Then this is the book for you. In this compilation of biographies from the most notorious writers in history, you can learn the habits and practices that helped them become so successful!The book reveals how history’s greatest minds have developed their daily habits and rituals, to help the reader develop their own creative process.

Daily Rituals – Book Review

The 40-year-old writer who is suffering from writer’s block and wants to overcome it, the 24-year-old wannabe writer who wants to learn about the lives of famous artists in history, or the 50-year-old person who is fascinated with history and literature and wants to enjoy a good read from their area of expertise.

Who would I recommend Daily Rituals to?

“A solid routine fosters a well-worn groove for one’s mental energies and helps stave off the tyranny of moods.”-Mason Curry

Daily Rituals summary is a compilation of the best practices and habits of successful people to increase productivity and be more creative.

creativity

Creativity

Daily Rituals Summary

Ikigai is a Japanese word that means your reason to get out of bed each morning. Simply put, It means your life goal that motivates you everyday.Everybody has an Ikigai. But it may be hard to find it.

IKIGAI: The Japanese Secret To A Long And Happy Life

Centenarians are exceptional people who cross the age of 100. They achieve this feat by maintaining a healthy and mentally happy lifestyle.

Get Inspired From Centenarians 

People in Okinawa live a simple, social and busy lifestyle. They grow up and live in a healthy environment and have thier own secrets for living long. Actually, they don't try hard. They just Laugh, Work, Eat, Sleep and Repeat.

Okinawa: The Magical Centenarian Island

• Laughter is truly the best medicine.• Simple Exercises can do wonders.• Work Hard and keep yourself busy.• Maintain a strong Social Circle.

Tips From Okinawans

Hara Hachi Bu means to fill only 80% of your stomach. It means that you should only eat until you start feeling full. It is a very good way to maintain your weight as well as live a healthy lifestyle.But it is also important to have a balanced diet.

'Hara Hachi Bu' Is What You Should Do

Working hard is very important for Okinawans. Most Okinawans wake up early and go to work at farms to work. They don't actually 'retire' and work till they can. ( In fact, there is no word in Japanese that actually means to retire! That is so amazing! )

Remember To Work Hard

Los Angeles Times bestseller • More than 1.5 million copies sold “Workers looking for more fulfilling positions should start by identifying their ikigai.” ―Business Insider “One of the unintended—yet positive—consequences of the [pandemic] is that it is forcing people to reevaluate their jobs, careers, and lives. Use this time wisely, find your personal ikigai, and live your best life.” ―Forbes *And from the same authors, don’t miss The Book of Ichigo Ichie—about making the most of every moment in your life.* * * * Find your ikigai (pronounced ee-key-guy) and bring meaning and joy to all your days. “Only staying active will make you want to live a hundred years.” —Japanese proverb According to the Japanese, everyone has an ikigai—a reason for living. And according to the residents of the Japanese village with the world’s longest-living people, finding it is the key to a happier and longer life. Having a strong sense of ikigai—where what you love, what you’re good at, what you can get paid for, and what the world needs all overlap—means that each day is infused with meaning. It’s the reason we get up in the morning. It’s also the reason many Japanese never really retire (in fact there’s no word in Japanese that means retire in the sense it does in English): They remain active and work at what they enjoy, because they’ve found a real purpose in life—the happiness of always being busy. In researching this book, the authors interviewed the residents of the Japanese village with the highest percentage of 100-year-olds—one of the world’s Blue Zones. Ikigai reveals the secrets to their longevity and happiness: how they eat, how they move, how they work, how they foster collaboration and community, and—their best-kept secret—how they find the ikigai that brings satisfaction to their lives. And it provides practical tools to help you discover your own ikigai. Because who doesn’t want to find happiness in every day? A PENGUIN LIFE TITLE

books

Books

INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER • 1.5 MILLION+ COPIES SOLD WORLDWIDE “Workers looking for more fulfilling positions should start by identifying their ikigai.” ―Business Insider   “One of the unintended—yet positive—consequences of the [pandemic] is that it is forcing people to reevaluate their jobs, careers, and lives. Use this time wisely, find your personal ikigai, and live your best life.” ―Forbes Find your ikigai (pronounced ee-key-guy) to live longer and bring more meaning and joy to all your days. “Only staying active will make you want to live a hundred years.” —Japanese proverb   According to the Japanese, everyone has an ikigai—a reason for living. And according to the residents of the Japanese village with the world’s longest-living people, finding it is the key to a happier and longer life. Having a strong sense of ikigai—where what you love, what you’re good at, what you can get paid for, and what the world needs all overlap—means that each day is infused with meaning. It’s the reason we get up in the morning. It’s also the reason many Japanese never really retire (in fact there’s no word in Japanese that means retire in the sense it does in English): They remain active and work at what they enjoy, because they’ve found a real purpose in life—the happiness of always being busy. In researching this book, the authors interviewed the residents of the Japanese village with the highest percentage of 100-year-olds—one of the world’s Blue Zones. Ikigai reveals the secrets to their longevity and happiness: how they eat, how they move, how they work, how they foster collaboration and community, and—their best-kept secret—how they find the ikigai that brings satisfaction to their lives. And it provides practical tools to help you discover your own ikigai. Because who doesn’t want to find happiness in every day?

Hector Garcia was born in Spain in 1981 and has been living in Tokyo since 2004. During his spare time he writes aGeekinJapan.com, one of the most widely-read blogs in the world in Spanish and in English, as well as books about his experiences in Japan. He is the author of the bestsellers: Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life and A Geek in Japan. You can find more of Hector's musings at ageekinjapan.com

Héctor García

Francesc Miralles Contijoch is a Catalan writer, essayist, translator, and musician.

Francesc Miralles

Ikigai

<ul>
<li>Create a morning ritual</li>
<li>Having a to-do list first thing in the morning will keep you motivated and energized throughout the day</li>
<li>Follow the 80/20 rule</li>
<li>20% of tasks produce 80% of results</li>
<li>Learn to single-task</li>
<li>There's nothing wrong with multi-tasking once in a while, but doing it continuously will break your focus going forward</li>
<li>Be grateful for what you have so far</li>
<li>Do a social media detox</li>
<li>Exercise often</li>
<li>Set aside at least 15-30 minutes a day to exercise</li>
<li>Invest in self-care</li>
<li>Read books</li>
<li>Create social connections with positive people</li>
<li>Have a minimal impact on your health and prioritize nutrition and nutritionism</li>
</ul>

10 POSITIVE HABITS THAT CAN IMPROVE YOUR QUALITY OF LIFE FOREVER.

Read a one minute summary of 10 POSITIVE HABITS THAT CAN IMPROVE YOUR QUALITY OF LIFE FOREVER

10 Positive Habits That (Almost) Known by Everyone but Sometimes We Neglect

Key takeaways There are various laws of linguistics; for example, famous words are shorter than less popular words. These laws apply not only to human language but also to animal communication. But the most surprising thing is that these rules appear almost everywhere, from species distribution and size to disease outbreaks, to protein structure.

UNKNOWN LAWS OF LANGUAGE THAT APPLY THROUGHOUT LIFE

For example, shorter words are used in different languages more often than longer ones. Biologists have noticed this, and many have wondered whether these linguistic laws apply to biological phenomena. Indeed, a new review published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution discusses their findings in detail.

Linguists have long known that human speech seems to be governed

The sheer scale of application and versatility of these laws is remarkable. The laws discovered in linguistics have applications in ecology, microbiology, epidemiology, demography, and geography.


Mini Philosophy: A Small Book of Big Ideas eBook : Thomson, Jonny: Amazon.co.uk: Books

Find  Self Improvement Tips - Curated from popular Books like Atomic Habits, 48 Rules of Power, Deep Work, Rich Dad Poor Dad and way more!