The Internet of Things has hundreds of applications, ranging from next-gen consumer electronics to high-calibre industrial devices. SIoTD are networks of connected IoT devices that work together for an integrated purpose. An IoT networking system's key feature is its architecture, which includes layers of devices, components and network processes.

Systems of IoT devices (SIoTD)

<ul><li>Many consumers today have their own personal IoT networking system, including a smart speaker, smartphone, smartwatch, smart appliances, and potentially even their smart car. These devices can communicate with consumers and each other in several ways, but they all serve one purpose of simplifying and automating the consumer's life.</li><li>A manufacturing facility that uses IoT in networking might adopt technologies like IoT quality-control sensors, IoT sensors for manufacturing robots, smart inventory monitors and smart warehousing equipment.</li></ul>

Examples of IoT networking systems

Sensors in IoT devices inform the device about some condition, such as temperature, and forward that information to a controller. The controller tests the information from the sensor against a collection of possible responses, identifies the appropriate response and then tells the device's actuators to do something, such as send an electrical signal to turn off an appliance.  The device is connected to the network, most often the internet, and communicates and collects data from other devices. There could be hundreds of sensor-controller-actuator processes in a large system of IoT devices.

Layers of IoT in Networking

There are three main IoT network architectures:<ol><li>Three-layer consists of a perception layer, an application layer, and a network layer. A simple way to think of this architecture is like the human body. The perception layer is like the senses, such as touch, smell and sight. The information the body senses gets sent to the brain, the network, where the information is processed and turned into an action, the application layer.</li><li>Four-layer adds a specific data processing layer and often act as a security layer.</li><li>Five-layer adds a processing layer as well as a business layer.</li></ol>

Types of architectures

Applications range from consumer electronics to expansive supply-chain programs. One great use case for SIoTDs is supply-chain monitoring and management. For example, smart warehouses. Warehouse managers can use IoT devices to monitor their inventory levels, which can inform them which inventory items are low or expiring soon.

Applications for complex SIoTDs

The rise of IoT in networking is sparking key innovations in the field, including complex systems of Internet of Things devices (SIoTD). This guide will cover the basics of this emerging concept and its applications.

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

The Complex Systems of Internet of Things Devices Explained

Venus, the second closest plant to the Sun, has the highest average temperatures of any planet in our Solar System, regularly reaching temperatures over 460°C. Venus is so hot because of its proximity to the Sun and its thick atmosphere.

Which planet has the hottest surface temperature?

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

space

Space

What is the Average Surface Temperature of the Planets in our Solar System?

A fully assembled shuttle is 184 feet tall and weighs 4,500,000 pounds. The bay is 15 feet in diameter and 60 feet long; large enough to fit a school bus or 50,000 pounds of payload. The shuttle's velocity on orbit is about 17,500 mph.

How much does a space shuttle weigh?

How much did the Space Shuttle weigh? | Cool Cosmos

Ask an Astronomer

“Some of us continue to have old-fashioned careers in the twenty-first century— we are doctors, professors, lawyers, and truck drivers. Yet the main economy is now driven not by what we do, but by the information extracted from us, not by our labor in any established sense, but by our data.”

“In the past, humans had to struggle against exploitation. In the 21st century, the really big struggle will be against irrelevance. It is much worse to be irrelevant than to be exploited. Those who fail in the struggle against irrelevance will constitute a new useless class.”

According to Harari, three challenges will arise from the AI revolution. <ol><li>A new useless class: A new cast for employees who fall behind the technological development as their hard-earned skills are replaced by automation.</li><li>Data colonialism: Technological inequality. Automation in highly developed countries can replace low-wage labour in developing countries.</li><li>Digital dictatorships: Governments and companies with access to information about our personality types, political views, religious beliefs, preferences, fears and desires can monitor everyone and predict and manipulate our behaviour.</li></ol>

Threats from the AI Revolution

On a smaller scale, we increasingly entrust our decision-making abilities and authority to algorithms and algorithmic recommendation systems. For example, billions of people rely on the Facebook algorithm to tell us what is new, Netflix to tell us what to watch, or Google to tell us what is true. Algorithmic systems decide if we are suited for a job, if we are eligible for a loan, how our money should be invested, or who would be a suitable partner on Tinder. Yet, we have no insights into how these decisions are made, nor do we understand the machine's reasoning.

Automated decision-making

The GDPR is a paper tiger. It offers no meaningful protection for individuals against automated decisions. Even if a decision is needed for entering into a contract or an individual has given their explicit consent, it is often impossible for the individual, the business owner, or the developers of an advanced AI system to understand or explain the processes behind how a decision was reached.

GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation

<ul><li>The Data Protection Commission of Luxembourg imposed a €746 Million fine on Amazon related to Amazon’s use of customer data for targeted advertising.</li><li>The Irish Data Protection fined WhatsApp €225 Million for unclear privacy policies and lack of transparency in how it handles user data.</li><li>The French data authority fined Google €150 Million and Facebook Ireland Limited €90 Million for failing to provide a simple method for users to opt out of tracking cookies.</li></ul>

The paper tiger protection

The exponential technological growth has raised living standards, comfort and convenience. The growth continues, perhaps even outpacing Moor's law, which states that the number of transistors would roughly double every two years. The exponential growth of technology is not limited to computer chips. Within decades AI systems will likely outcompete humans in any intellectual field, including tasks previously considered safe such as researching, philosophising, judicial reviewing, diagnosing, and financial analysing.

Exponential technological growth and technological unemployment

Technocapitalism, capitalism boosted by AI systems and other modern technologies, is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. For example, American billionaires gained $2 trillion during the corona pandemic while parents in Afghanistan sell their kidneys to feed their starving children in the current food crisis. Today's internet seems designed to distract us with attention-grabbing and fake content that is generated by algorithms. The Web 3.0 movement is inspired by the Bitcoin philosophy, but the same system could be used to disrupt geography by forming new countries.

Technocapitalism, the Internet, and Web 3.0

Key public decision-makers should not be oblivious to the scope and the scale of the technological disruption staring us in the face. Radically new ideas from people who think outside the box and outdated protocols should be listened to regulate the current state of affairs and address the challenges and opportunities of the post-internet era.

Responding appropriately

The author is exploring how the AI revolution, and the Web 3.0 paradigm, including the Metaverse concept, will shape the human experience in the future.

A brief overview of relevant challenges in the intersection of law and technology.

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Cryptocurrency

problemsolving

Problem Solving

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Artificial Intelligence

Elaborating on the Need for Futuristic Thinkers

Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the Moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC.

Who was the man to walk on the moon?

Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon.

Apollo 11 - Wikipedia

In South Korea, the minimum wage increase of 5% in the last year and the implementation of the Serious Disasters Punishment Act unintentionally pushed companies to accelerate their shift toward automation. In the US, Singapore and Japan, robots are rising in response to labour shortages. However, even in South Korea, there is less than one robot for every ten human workers, so it'll be some time before we reach a truly distopian scenario.

The Robot Workforce is Rising Quickly

Labor shortages and other factors are pushing countries to adopt automation.

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Career

The robot workforce is coming - The Hustle

The immutable audit trail uncontrolled by any single party is certainly useful, but there are many costs to create such a system. Let’s examine some of the issues.

The Cost of Blockchains

Creating a provably consistent system is not an easy task. A small bug could corrupt the entire database or cause some databases to be different than other ones. Of course, a corrupted or split database no longer has any consistency guarantees. Furthermore, all such systems have to be designed from the outset to be consistent. There is no “move fast and break things” in a blockchain. If you break things, you lose consistency and the blockchain becomes corrupted and worthless.

Development is stricter and slower

These Ideas give a great understanding of why Cryptocurrency/Blockchain need to develop further!

The first, foundational book on blockchain technology, from the bestselling author of Wikinomics Don Tapscott and blockchain expert Alex Tapscott, now in paperback with a new preface and chapter explaining recent developments in the world of blockchain, including cryptoassets, ICOs, smart contracts, and more. “This book has had an enormous impact on the evolution of blockchain in the world.” —Satya Nadella, CEO, Microsoft Corporation In this revelatory book, Don and Alex Tapscott bring us a brilliantly researched, highly readable, and essential book about the technology driving the future of the economy. Blockchain is the ingeniously simple, revolution­ary protocol that allows transactions to be simultaneously anonymous and secure by maintaining a tamperproof public ledger of value. Though it’s best known as the technology that drives bitcoin and other digital cur­rencies, it also has the potential to go far beyond currency, to record virtually everything of value to humankind, from birth and death certifi­cates to insurance claims, land titles, and even votes. As with major paradigm shifts that preceded it, blockchain technology will create winners and losers. This book shines a light on where it can lead us in the next decade and beyond.

books

Books

The first, foundational book on blockchain technology, from the bestselling author of Wikinomics Don Tapscott and blockchain expert Alex Tapscott, now in paperback with a new preface and chapter explaining recent developments in the world of blockchain, including cryptoassets, ICOs, smart contracts, and more.   “This book has had an enormous impact on the evolution of blockchain in the world.” —Satya Nadella, CEO, Microsoft Corporation In this revelatory book, Don and Alex Tapscott bring us a brilliantly researched, highly readable, and essential book about the technology driving the future of the economy.    Blockchain is the ingeniously simple, revolution­ary protocol that allows transactions to be simultaneously anonymous and secure by maintaining a tamperproof public ledger of value. Though it’s best known as the technology that drives bitcoin and other digital cur­rencies, it also has the potential to go far beyond currency, to record virtually everything of value to humankind, from birth and death certifi­cates to insurance claims, land titles, and even votes.    As with major paradigm shifts that preceded it, blockchain technology will create winners and losers. This book shines a light on where it can lead us in the next decade and beyond.

Don Tapscott is an accomplished writer whose work has resonated with readers around the world. Don Tapscott has published several books that explore a range of topics, from fiction to nonfiction, and has received critical acclaim for the ability to weave compelling narratives. Don Tapscott's writing style is known for its depth and authenticity, and has earned quite a loyal following of readers.

Don Tapscott

Alex Tapscott is the CEO of NextBlock Global a digital asset company. Previously, he worked for seven years in investment banking in New York and Toronto.

Alex Tapscott

Blockchain Revolution

If we widen the road, there is better traffic flow for a few weeks or months. Then, it's jammed again. No matter how much we do this, the road will always have traffic jams.

Adding more lanes

<ul><li>first observed in the US, in the 1930s</li></ul>Once the road is clogged, people seek alternatives, like bikes, buses, and trains.Once the road is widened, people find that driving is faster again, thus switching to driving cars again.

Induced demand

No. There simply isn't enough space in cities.

Can we solve traffic by adding more roads?

The less capacity a road has, the more people choose other alternatives.Investing in other means of traffic, like bike lanes and public transit.

What's the solution?

<ul><li>Less noise pollution</li><li>Less air pollution</li><li>Safer streets for children and pets</li></ul>

Traffic becomes a lot less painful

A developed country is not where everyone drives a car. It's where nobody needs a car to get around.

Don't forget:

Another video from Adam Something, I found it very interesting. 🚗🛣️🚃

Induced demand explained to those who might be unaware! Check out my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/adamsomething Join my Discord: https://discord.gg/2YcarWsc8S Second channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AdamSomethingElse

Induced demand explained to those who might be unaware!

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Adam Something

Why Roads ALWAYS Fill Up, No Matter How Much We Widen Them

Why Roads always fill up, no matter how much we widen them

Planes today are built to essentially fly themselves. Autopilot refers to a collection of systems that automate a plane’s operations. The most common reason for plane crashes is human error, so it can be reassuring to know that aircraft are designed to be automated and, frankly, smarter than humans. Airplanes are built with redundancies, so that if one system fails, there’s another to back it up. And today’s planes are built not only to operate normally, but to read changes in abnormal operations and adjust accordingly.

Built To Fly On Its Own

The airplane's complex computer matrix tells your plane how to fly, including navigation, altitude, speed, and engine thrust, which controls the force by which the plane moves through the air. When these systems are engaged—after a human enters the flight destination information, autopilot culls data about the flight route, location, and navigation—the navigation harnesses the same GPS technology that’s on your <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2016-02-24/how-our-smartphones-are-making-us-dumber-travelers">cell phone</a> and spits out an optimized flight plan. This allows the pilot to remain hands-free for the duration of the flight.

That Computer In The Cockpit

The first rudimentary autopilot system can be traced back to nearly the beginning of flight, when in 1912 the Sperry Corporation created a system that allowed a <a href="http://www.cntraveler.com/story/how-air-travel-will-change-in-2017">plane to fly straight</a> without a pilot’s control. The development was a significant one, as it set the course for air travel as we know it today, and gave both mental and physical space to the pilot to increase focus on other aspects of operating a flight or combat, as the case may be. Following World War II, the U.S. manufactured a plane, the F-5 fighter jet, that could take off and land on its own.

The Origins Of Autopilot

The system receives data from the aircraft’s various mechanisms and responds by inhibiting a particular action in response to another action. For instance: If the wings are no longer level, the autopilot receives data telling it that, and it activates to correct the problem. Once the wings are level, the loop closes and that communication essentially stops. This repeats with all of the functions of a plane inflight including steering, speed, altitude, and more. The Pilots are monitoring closely to mind for any issues or inconsistencies.

How Autopilot Works

Autopilots are a useful tool to help pilots manage their cockpit workload, however they require continuous monitoring and pilots must continue their normal cockpit cross check to verify expected and proper operation.Pilots are trained to fly planes manually and some put in manual flying time every month. Still, there is concern that the automation allows pilots to get rusty at actually knowing how to fly.

The Pilots Still Have A Job

The pilot is arguably the most important person on your flight. But the reality is that they may not be manually flying your plane.

travel

Travel

Your Pilot Isn't Actually Flying Your Plane

The opportunity in search is not to attack Google head-on with a massive, one-size-fits-all horizontal aggregator, but rather to build boutique search engines that index, curate, and organize things in new ways.The problem, now is not what to read/buy/eat/watch/etc., but figuring out the best thing to read/buy/eat/watch/etc. with my limited time and attention.

In a world of infinite information, it becomes important to organize the world's trustworthy information.

Vertical search players like Yelp, Expedia, Zillow, and Behance fill functionality and relevancy gaps using structured data specific to their industriesRelevance depends on the sociology of the current momentA combination of irrelevant filters, ad-based business models, and unconstrained supply has overwhelmed consumers and made it hard to find signalsVertical search aggregators work when you know exactly what you want. But knowing what you want isn’t usually the starting point, which creates an opportunity to help the overwhelmed consumer with better discovery and curation along the funnel.

Vertical search aggregators

The conversation around curation has been too focused on the content and not enough on the structure. Curation, when thought of in the context of sharing bite-sized, isolated bits in feed-like architectures, is predominantly about entertainment, not utility.﻿The opportunity is in moving curated content feeds away from their never-ending-now orientation and toward more goal-oriented interfaces. People should be able to find whatever content they want on their terms and not be beholden to when the curator decides to publish.

Curators, curators

All curation grows until it requires search, and all search grows until it requires curation.

<ul><li>Searchable, curated interfaces will help us move away from ephemeral, time-bound feeds into contextual, high-signal, trustworthy knowledge spaces.</li><li>Unlike vertical search aggregators, boutique search engines feel less like the Yellow Pages and more like texting your friends to ask for a recommendation. They have constrained supply, which is the foundation for their biggest moat: trust.</li></ul>

Boutique search engines are next-level curation

Over and over again, curation sites fall into an existential trap. They start with high-quality, curated recommendations.As they grow, they scale with crowdsourcing, often filling the gap with scraping. The line between curator, compiler, and cataloguer is thin.A natural invisible asymptote - diminishing returns on more data over time

If the value proposition is signal over noise, how do you scale the signal?

<ul><li>Platforms like Twitter delegate this responsibility to their users, who have to go through a long and arduous process of following a huge number of people to ultimately arrive at a self-curated timeline that mimics their interests.</li><li>Some centralize their curation, while others stay away from curation in favor of more traditional crowdsourcing.</li></ul>

Who curates the curators?

The project of human knowledge, as it stands today, is a vast ocean of fragmented information and ideas, with the best sources near-impossible to find. We need more interfaces with a point of view on what information is missing, how it needs to be organized, and at what point of the value chain the curation has to happen.

Until you can build habitual recall into your product, Google will be how your engine gets discovered.

The way to improve search is not to mimic Google, but instead to build boutique search engines that index, curate, and organize things in new ways.

marketingandsales

Marketing & Sales

The Future of Search Is Boutique

Find 100+ Facts about Technology - Curated by others from trusted sources like Books, Podcasts & Articles - Genuine Insights from like-minded Users like You!