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RICHARD FEYNMAN

“Nobody ever figures out what life is all about, and it doesn't matter.

Explore the world. Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” 

RICHARD FEYNMAN

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2.9K reads

Symmetry In Physics

Symmetry In Physics

  • Professor Hermann Weyl has given this definition of symmetry: a thing is symmetrical if one can subject it to a certain operation and it appears exactly the same after the operation.
  • If there is a piece of equipment in one place with a certain kind of machinery in it, the same equipment in another place will behave in the same way. Why? The equations are the same, the phenomena appear the same.
  • All quantities that have a direction, like a step in space, are called vectors.

121

1.85K reads

SYMMETRY IN PHYSICAL LAWS

SYMMETRY IN PHYSICAL LAWS

  1. Symmetry Operations    
  2. Translation in space
  3. Translation in time
  4. Rotation through a fixed angle    
  5. Uniform velocity in a straight line (Lorentz transformation):
  6. Reversal of time: if we could see the individual molecules, we would not be able to discern whether the machinery was working forwards or backwards.
  7. Reflection of space
  8. Interchange of identical atoms or identical particles: all electrons are the same; all protons are the same; all positive pions are the same; and so on.
  9. Quantum-mechanical phase
  10. Matter-antimatter (charge conjugation)  

123

1.38K reads

Antimatter

Antimatter

  • Dirac predicted that in addition to electrons there must be another particle, called the positron (discovered at Caltech by Anderson), that is necessarily related to the electron.
  • All the properties of these two particles obey certain rules of correspondence: the energies are equal; the masses are equal; the charges are reversed; but, more important than anything, the two of them, when they come together, can annihilate each other and liberate their entire mass in the form of energy, say γ-rays.
  • The positron is an antiparticle to the electron.

123

977 reads

A neutron is neutral, so how can it have the opposite charge?

A neutron is neutral, so how can it have the opposite charge?

  • The rule of the “anti” is not just that it has the opposite charge, it has a certain set of properties, the whole lot of which are opposite.
  • The antineutron is distinguished from the neutron in this way: if we bring two neutrons together, they just stay as two neutrons, but if we bring a neutron and an antineutron together, they annihilate each other with a great explosion of energy being liberated, with various π-mesons, γ-rays, and whatnot.

122

871 reads

The Lorentz transformation

The Lorentz transformation

127

741 reads

The twin paradox

The twin paradox

  • Imagine, Peter and Paul, who are twins, born at the same time. Paul flies away at very high speed. Because Peter, who is left on the ground, sees Paul going so fast, all of Paul’s clocks appear to go slower, his heartbeats go slower, his thoughts go slower, everything goes slower, from Peter’s point of view.
  • Of course, Paul notices nothing unusual, but if he travels around and about for a while and then comes back, he will be younger than Peter, the man on the ground!
  • That is actually right; it is one of the consequences of the theory of relativity which has been clearly demonstrated.

130

740 reads

SPACE-TIME

SPACE-TIME

  • Einstein had a different interpretation of the law of gravitation. According to him, space and time—which must be put together as space-time—are curved near heavy masses.
  • And it is the attempt of things to go along “straight lines” in this curved space-time which makes them move the way they do.
  • The particles always take the longest proper time—in space-time a quantity analogous to the “shortest distance.” That’s the law of motion in a gravitational field.

125

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ALBERT EINSTEIN

“When you sit with a nice girl for two hours you think it's only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute you think it's two hours. That's relativity."

ALBERT EINSTEIN

138

763 reads

Einstein’s Laws Of Gravitation

Einstein’s Laws Of Gravitation

  1. Time and distance rates depend on the place in space you measure them and on the time. This is equivalent to the statement that space-time is curved. From the measured area of a sphere we can define a predicted radius, And the curvature must be the same no matter who is looking at the matter or how it is moving.
  2. Particles move on “straight lines” (trajectories of maximum proper time) in this curved space-time.

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605 reads

ALBERT EINSTEIN

“Space is curved and that matter is the source of the curvature.

Matter is also the source of gravitation, so gravity is related to the curvature.”

ALBERT EINSTEIN

122

704 reads

Father of Atomic Bomb

Father of Atomic Bomb

E = (M-m)c^2. This equation was used to estimate how much energy would be liberated under fission in the atomic bomb, for example. The mass of the uranium atom was known—it had been measured ahead of time—and the atoms into which it split, iodine, xenon, and so on, all were of known mass. In other words, both M and m0 are known. So by subtracting the two numbers one can calculate how much energy will be released if M can be made to split in “half.”

For this reason poor old Einstein was called the “father” of the atomic bomb in all the newspapers.

118

595 reads

RICHARD FEYNMAN

“I don't know what's the matter with people: they don't learn by understanding, they learn by some other way — by rote or something. Their knowledge is so fragile!” 

RICHARD FEYNMAN

128

702 reads

ALBERT EINSTEIN

”The aim [of education] must be the training of independently acting and thinking individuals who, however, see in the service to the community their highest life problem."

ALBERT EINSTEIN

129

782 reads

IDEAS CURATED BY

prince_rahul

The more one seeks to rise into height and light, the more vigorously do ones roots struggle earthward, downward, into the dark, the deep — into evil.

CURATOR'S NOTE

Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as his work in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga.

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