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Evaluating The Mental Models We Use
Mental models are a set of ideas, which like an algorithm, shapes our perception and understanding of how the world operates.
And we need to evaluate the validity of these shortcuts and check the reliability of the mental models to ensure they are effective.
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The Validity Of A Mental Model
- In any research, the validity of any concept is the first thing to check.
- One has to stress-test the rationality and see if the right thing is measured, for the right outcome to be divulged.
- Validity helps us evaluate the accuracy and appropriateness of the mental model in a particular situation.
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The Reliability Of A Mental Model
The most important part is to check the consistency of any mental model when the same circumstances are applied repeatedly. Ideally one has to get the same result. This is usually done by:
- Test-Retest Method: A set of diverse and repeated tests can check the reliability of a mental model.
- The Inter-Observer Method: This method takes into account data from different observers or administrators to cross-check the validity and reliability of a mental model.
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The Components Of Our Emotions
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Emotions And Our Survival Mechanism
Emotions are not a disposable or unnecessary response, but are signals, giving us vital clues about the state of our mind and body, akin to pain. It is a neglected part of our survival mechanism.
Our natural reaction is to suppress our emotions, but it is increasingly apparent that repression of our emotions, especially the stronger kind, is psychologically and physically harmful to us.
Emotions In The Office
Showing emotion using empathetic and active listening is part of emotional intelligence and is greatly valued as a managerial skill set.
Studies show that empathic leaders enjoy more success and goodwill. Interpersonal communication is greatly enhanced when one is able to read someone's emotions and control one’s emotional reactions.
Ordinary and altered states of consciousness
Altered states of consciousness can only be defined if there is an understanding of an ordinary state of consciousness.
While scientists can't agree on a clear definition, alte...
Modulating states of consciousness
- Excessive dancing, meditation, and mind-altering plants were used in ancient civilizations to modulate the activity of the mind.
- In 1892, the term "altered states of consciousness" was used to refer to hypnosis.
- William James introduced the scientific investigation of mystical experiences and drug-induced states into the field of psychology.
The five altered states of consciousness
- Pharmacological. These altered states include short-term changes caused by psychoactive substances, such as LSD MDMA, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and alcohol.
- Psychological. Hypnosis, meditation, and music can lead to altered mental states.
- Physical and physiological. An altered state of consciousness is achieved through sleep, where dreams dissociate one from reality.
- Pathological. A traumatic experience causing brain damage can lead to an altered state of consciousness. Other sources include epileptic or psychotic episodes.
- Spontaneous. Daydreaming and mind wandering can cause altered states.
Metacognition
Metacognition means “thinking about thinking” or “knowing about knowing.” The word “metacognition” means “above cognition”.
It’s translate into being aware of your own awar...
Components that make up metacognition
- Metacognitive knowledge: What you know about yourself and others in terms of thinking and learning processes.
- Metacognitive regulation: The methods you use to control your learning.
- Metacognitive experiences: The thoughts and feelings you have during your learning process.
Metacognitive knowledge categories
- Declarative knowledge: the knowledge you have about your learning style and about what the factors that influence you.
- Procedural knowledge: what you know about learning in general - strategies you found or that you have already applied.
- Conditional knowledge: it refers to knowing when and why you should use declarative and procedural knowledge.