Fun is the experience of developing mastery. When we acquire new skills and recognize valuable patterns, our brains reward us with a shot of pleasurable sensations. 

Games are optimal learning environments:

• Feedback loops are short, fast and adapted to your skill level.
• Challenges grow as you develop new skills.
• Failures are learning opportunities because every time you make a mistake, you get a hint about how you can do bett...

Boredom is what we feel when our brain decides that there's nothing worth learning. It's the brain searching for new information.

And even games become boring at some point because they eventually run out of things to teach you. That's when you stop playing.

If a good game teaches you everything it has to teach you before the player quits, then a good school should be one that teaches you everything it intends before the students leave.

Why schools fail to teach everything they intend to:

• The patters are too easy, so students get bored (and this is especially common for gifted students).
• The patters to be learned are too hard, so students give up.
• The patterns are not perceived as mean...

Schools often do a bad job teaching us things that should be good for us, while games do a good job at teaching us things that are often useless.

But school and games should learn from each other: teachers should study games to learn why they’re so compelling, and gam...

There are 4 categories here:

• Satisfying work: clearly defined challenging activities, that provide clear feedback.
• The experience or promise of success: we want to feel we are getting better over time.
• Meaningfulness: being a part of something bigge...