Crustaceans shares a common ancestor with all insects, including the household cockroach, Blattaria.Insects and crustaceans belong to the phylum Arthropoda. The class Insecta, contains insects (no way!) such as mosquitos, beetles, and ants.

Are insects related to crustaceans?

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

The Lobster: Cockroach of the Sea?

When you have something like a toy that glows in the dark, it can glow because it contains materials called phosphors. Phosphors can radiate light after they have gotten energy from the sun or another source of bright light. The phosphors soak up the energy from the light, and then they radiate this energy as light.

How do things glow in the dark?

How Do Things Glow in the Dark?

MIG welding stands for Metal Inert Gas welding (inert). An inert gas (rare gas) is e.g. Argon or Argon + Helium. Its task is to protect the welding deposit, the melting wire electrode and the arc against the oxidising effects of oxygen in the air. Application: in nonferrous metals.

What does MIG stand for in welding?

A comparison between MIG and TIG welding, outlining what the processes entail, advantages, materials utilized, and typical industrial applications.

MIG vs TIG | Welding Types, Materials, and Applications - A Guide

Bacteria are super sensitive to heat and raising the water to boiling temperatures will inactivate them. To prevent disease, water can be boiled in preparation for consumption. Heating it at least at 145 Fahrenheit is an easy way to purify the water, and the minimum boiling point is 212 F!

What temperature does water have to be to kill bacteria?

If you are wondering if you can stall a virus with heat, the answer is yes. Much like with other water filters, heating up water has many benefits!

health

Health

What Water Temperature Do You Need to Kill a Virus?

Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide. A block of dry ice has a surface temperature of -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit (-78.5 degrees C). Dry ice also has the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it breaks down, it turns directly into carbon dioxide gas rather than a liquid.

What is the temperature of dry ice?

I saw your question on fog machines and dry ice and would like to know more -- how exactly does dry ice work?

How Does Dry Ice Work?

The solubility of gases decreases when the temperature is raised, and that why the dissolved air bubbles out from the water. Then, as the boiling point of water is reached (100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit), water vapor starts to form inside the liquid in the form of bubbles.

Why does water bubble when it boils?

UCSB Science Line

For a human or animal to learn whether to avoid, or seek out, a particular experience again in the future, their brain must associate a positive or negative feeling, or “valence” with that stimulus. The brain’s ability to link these feelings with a memory is called “valence assignment”.

Valence And Valence Assignment

In 2016, Kay Tye, today a professor in Salk’s Systems Neurobiology Laboratory and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, discovered that a group of neurons in the brain’s basolateral amygdala (BLA) helps assign valence when mice are learning. One set of BLA neurons was activated with positive valence, as the animals learned to associate a tone with a sweet taste. A separate set of BLA neurons was activated with negative valence, as the animals learned to associate a different tone with a bitter taste.

The Neurons Assigning Valence

In the new study, the researchers homed in on the importance of the signaling molecule neurotensin to these BLA neurons. They already knew that neurotensin is a neuropeptide produced by the cells associated with valence processing, but so are a few other neurotransmitters. So, they used CRISPR gene editing approaches to selectively remove the gene for neurotensin from the cells—the first time that CRISPR has been used to isolate specific neurotransmitter function.

The Molecule Signaling Valence 

Without neurotensin signaling in the BLA, mice could no longer assign positive valence and didn’t learn to associate the first tone with a positive stimulus. Interestingly, the absence of neurotensin did not block negative valence. The animals instead became even better at negative valence, having a stronger association between the second tone and a negative stimulus.

Blocking Valence

The findings suggest that the brain’s default state is to have a bias toward fear—the neurons associated with negative valence are activated until neurotensin is released, switching on the neurons associated with positive valence. From an evolutionary perspective, Tye says, this makes sense because it helps people avoid potentially dangerous situations—and it probably resonates with people who tend to find the worst in a situation.

Negative Valence Is The Default State

“We can actually manipulate this switch to turn on positive or negative learning,” says co-first author Hao Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the Tye Lab. “Ultimately, we’d like to try to identify novel therapeutic targets for this pathway.”The researchers still have questions about whether levels of neurotensin can be modulated in people’s brains to treat anxiety or PTSD. They are also planning future studies to probe what other brain pathways and molecules are responsible for triggering the release of neurotensin.

Manipulating Valence

“We’ve basically gotten a handle on the fundamental biological process of how you can remember if something is good or bad,” says senior author Kay Tye. “This is something that’s core to our experience of life, and the notion that it can boil down to a single molecule is incredibly exciting.”

Valence And Prevalence (Valēre And Praevalēre)

Researchers discovered a specific neurotransmitter that helps assign either positive or negative emotions to memories. Their discovery paves the way for a better understanding of why some people are more likely to retain negative emotions than positive ones—as can occur with anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Researchers discovered a specific neurotransmitter that helps assign either positive or negative emotions to memories.

communication

Communication

What’s Making a Memory Positive or Negative

Jupiter aka as The Sun is a powerful natural deity. It provides Life on Earth as well as Certain Death. The Energy provided by our Star is colossal. It had already wiped out Life from Mars. Consider Living conditions on other planets such as Venus to get the general idea : <a href="https://theconversation.com/venus-was-once-more-earth-like-but-climate-change-made-it-uninhabitable-150445">Consequences of Global Warming on Venus</a>. Our Planet provides us several natural barriers ; some basic examples :<ul><li>Electromagnetic Field : protect us from Sun Eruptions. </li><li>Ozone Layer : filters 98% of Sun's deadly UV rays.</li></ul>

Living in Space : Our Planet is Protecting us from certain Death

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">12 millions dollars.</li></ul>This is the current Price of such a device. Space Suits are extremely expensive and sophisticated technologies Protecting astronauts from the deadly conditions in Space.To get an idea of these conditions. In the shadow the Space temperature can fall down to -120°C.Exposed to the Sun direct radiations temperature can reach +120°C.

Current Price of an Astronaut Suit (2022)

Humanity Population will reach 8 billions People in November 2022. These 8 billions People can already be all considered as multimillionaires. At least 12 millions dollars each for the service provided by our Atmosphere with no-space-suit-needed.

Nov. 22 : 8 billions Humans on Earth

Simple math calculation :<ul><li>Suit = 12 millions €</li><li>Population = 8 billions people </li></ul> Suit x Population = 96.000.000.000.000.000 € This can be used as a raw estimation of the value provided by the Atmosphere to allow Life on Earth. We call it the Value of Ecological Service. Provided for free by our Planet.

Financial Value of the Ecological Service delivered by our Planet Atmosphere

With this simple estimation we could make some basic scale comparisons : <ul><li>American Economy in 2022 : 24 trillions € (or 24 Tera$).</li></ul> <ul><li>Ecological Value of the Atmosphere : 96.000 trillions € (i.e. 96 peta$).</li></ul> Later Objection : Price of Space suits could decrease with the evolution of technologies.

Economic Magnitude : Scale Comparison

About the Financial Value of some basic Ecological Services provided by our Planet. We are already 8 billions of multimillionaires.

philosophy

Philosophy

8 billions of multimillionaires

Scientists have long known that the human body, including the brain, needs food to function optimally. A diet high in proteins, vitamins, and minerals may have helped Einstein's brain function optimally.

What Einstein ate for breakfast

ompared to breakfast, lunch was much less of a regular occurrence in Einstein’s daily life. In 1915, he wrote a letter to his second son, Hans Albert Einstein, in which he says, “I am often so engrossed in my work that I forget to eat lunch.”

What Einstein ate for lunch

<ul><li>Even when someone else was doing the cooking, Einstein had a relatively simple, if not terribly healthy diet.</li><li>Some of Einstein’s scientist friends would regularly get together to discuss physics and other academic pursuits. In his biography of Einstein, Walter Isaacson writes that Einstein's dinners “were frugal repasts of sausage, Gruyère cheese, fruit, and tea.”</li></ul>

What Einstein ate for dinner

So while it's impossible to tell if Einstein’s diet contributed to his tremendous brainpower, the famed physicist was, unfortunately, plagued by chronic gastrointestinal issues throughout his life. These included both stomach ulcers and jaundice.The physician diagnosed him with a “chronic stomach malady” and mandated a four-week diet of rice, macaroni, and zwieback bread, which is a dry, crunchy German bread similar to Melba toast.

Everything didn't go well, though

In April of 1955, Einstein died from an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Although his diet likely isn’t to blame, his lifestyle habits may have been. According to the Mayo Clinic, tobacco use is the biggest risk factor for developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm. So is a diet of beans, eggs, and mushrooms the secret to cracking science’s toughest questions? Of course not. But eating those kinds of nutrient-dense foods may give you the energy to try.

The bottom line

The answer isn't as simple as you think. 👨‍🔬

From mushrooms to canned beans, Einstein had quite the interesting diet. It remains unclear what, if any, influence his diet had on his ability to understand the deepest levels of physics.

food

Food

history

History

What did Einstein eat? Inside the diet of the famed physicist 

5 key insights from,Rewired: Protecting Your Brain in the Digital Age. by Carl Macri

Rewired: Protecting Your Brain in the Digital Age

We form early attachments that influence our future relationships; we make friends who influence what we watch, wear, and say; we work in groups that form societies; we stay connected to people we love for most of our lives.Humans are wired for social interactions. Our brains are endowed with networks of neurons that compel us to form strong attachments and social bonds. It is critical to have empathy and form strong social bonds. Mental health is under siege in the Digital Age.

1. Our brains are uniquely wired for social interactions.

As a result of spending so much time with our smartphones and a growing number of apps that penetrate nearly every aspect of our lives, we use media and technology as a mood regulator. We no longer tolerate boredom because we don’t have to—stimulation and reward are an arm’s reach away. Over time, online social media and other applications began displacing offline face-to-face interactions. This disrupts attachments with parents, weakens bonds with friends, and diminishes the full capacity of our prefrontal cortex as we become more distracted, divided, and depressed.

2. Beware of your smartphone.

The human brain goes through an impressive transformation from birth to adulthood and we have a pretty good understanding of how and when these changes occur. Can we use developmental neurobiology to inform our understanding of the impact mobile media consumption has on children and adults alike? The answer is yes.The seduction of media multitasking, the risks of constant social media comparisons, and an internet laden with advertising superstimuli are all designed to keep you coming back for more. This contributes to rising rates in adults of anxiety, depression, narcissism, and loneliness.

3. To manage the impact of smartphones, we need to think developmentally.

There are a lot of wonderful things about mobile media, information, and communication technology. But we are all walking around with an incredible amount of computational power with full access to the internet and a world of temptation and titillation in our pockets. Sometimes habits slip into addiction. It’s hard to tell with technology when this line has been crossed since it is so easy to hide unhealthy smartphone habits and their use is pervasive.“When you change your habits, you change your brain—it’s that simple.”

4. Not all tech habits are addictions, but all tech addictions start as habits.

There are many causes for worry about the corrosive effects of mobile media, information, and communication technology in our lives and brains. But there are also reasons to believe that we will create a common expectation that these technologies can and should support us, not divide and depress us. Humans are capable of positive change and there are signs that we will survive the threats of our many smartphone habits. Our incredibly adaptive brains will see us through the technology revolution of the Digital Age—a revolution that will likely accelerate.

5. There is hope for a future with tech-life balance.

There is a difference between surviving and thriving. We need to be more proactive than reactive in order to create a digital literacy for our children and a tech-life balance for ourselves. We need healthy brains functioning at their peak if we will have any chance of dealing with the many problems society faces. The same brain science that informs our understanding of the negative consequences of too much media consumption and unhealthy smartphone habits can also inform clear recommendations about how to move forward.

Surviving and Thriving

“Brains are tricky and adaptable organs. For all the ‘neuroplasticity’ allowing our brains to reconfigure themselves to the biases of our computers, we are just as neuroplastic in our ability to eventually recover and adapt.”-Douglas Rushkoff

Neuroplasticity Quote #1

“Because of the power of neuroplasticity, you can, in fact, reframe your world and rewire your brain so that you are more objective. You have the power to see things as they are so that you can respond thoughtfully, deliberately, and effectively to everything you experience.”-Elizabeth Thornton

Neuroplasticity Quote #2

Rewired: Protecting Your Brain In The Digital Age

Harvard neuroscientist Carl Marci shares 5 key insights from his new book, Rewired: Protecting Your Brain in the Digital Age.

Understand yourself and those around you.

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Psychology

mentalhealth

Mental Health

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Society, Arts & Culture

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