The motorized vacuum cleaner was invented by Hubert Cecil Booth of England in 1901. As Booth recalled decades later, that year he attended "a demonstration of an American machine by its inventor" at the Empire Music Hall in London.

Who invented the vacuum cleaner?

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

Vacuum cleaner - Wikipedia

In 2014, three young men with the neurodegenerative disease ALS initiated the challenge by dousing their heads with buckets of ice water. They took it to social media and challenged others to do the same. More than 17 million ALS Ice Bucket Challenge videos were posted on Facebook in just one month, accumulating 10 billion views from over 440 million people. Celebrities like Lady Gaga, Jimmy Fallon, and Oprah Winfrey participated.The ALS Association raised $115 million from this campaign which they invested in more research and raising awareness of the disease.

BONUS: The iconic ALS ice bucket challenge

The Australian nonprofit was founded by two friends to raise awareness on problems affecting men's health, such as testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and mental health. Every November, they call on men to grow their moustaches for the entire month. Initially, 30 people joined. But soon after, 480 people participated resulting to a funding worth $40,851. To date, over 5.5 million people joined <a href="https://us.movember.com/">Movember's</a> events in 20 different countries, raising over $700 million to support their cause.

1. Movember

Fiona Cunningham's "No Make Up Selfie For Cancer Awareness" was inspired by Laura Lippman's bare-faced photo tweet to show support for actress Kim Novak who received flak after going to the Oscars without makeup.The then 18-year-old Cunningham created a Facebook group under the same title where she encouraged people to post their selfies and donate to Cancer Research UK.The campaign raised £1 million in a day, and soon after, the actual nonprofit joined in on the trend represented by Dr. Kat Arney, a Science Information Officer. The nonprofit managed to raise <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/mar/25/no-makeup-selfies-cancer-charity">£8 million in donations</a>.

2. No makeup selfie

“The no-makeup selfie craze really captured my imagination and I was amazed at the response from people around the world and just thought how great it would be if it could be done for charity,” she said. “After seeing nothing similar on Facebook or Twitter, I thought there was something in it that it could raise awareness of cancer.”

HRC is a nonprofit organization advocating for LGBTQ equality. Its iconic logo was produced in 1995 and was led by then Executive Director Elizabeth Birch. It was not until 2013 that HRC's red logo variation became viral when they chose to change their FB display photo for their planned rally in Washington D.C. regarding two marriage equality cases. They along with other groups chose red to symbolize love. After encouraging others to do the same, many joined the campaign--3 million shares, 800 logo variations, and a 120% increase in profile photo changes.

3. Human Rights Campaign

“I was really interested in this organization that had an iconic logo, and I immediately set out to try to give ourselves an even firmer identity.”

The mission was clear and simple: make 5-year-old Miles Scott's, who was battling Leukemia, wish come true and be Batman for a day. <a href="https://wish.org/">Make-a-Wish Foundation</a> was set to grant Scott's wish. The word spread like wildfire when Clever Girls Collective, a content agency, used its network of 6,000 influencers and live Twitter chat to make this all happen. Soon after, the @SFWish Twitter page was born along with the hashtag #SFBatkid. People and celebrities from everywhere showed their support online.The event was a huge success! 600,000 tweets were made, while 20,000 people came on-ground for support.

4. Batkid

"Every member of the Clever Girls team was empowered to engage. A successful social campaign requires authentic, in-the-moment interactions to resonate with people and bring the story to life.”

<a href="https://www.adcouncil.org/">Ad Council</a> launched <a href="https://lovehasnolabels.com/">Love Has No Labels campaign</a> back in 2015. The campaign used a publicity stunt to exercise its message of "celebrating diversity and fighting bias". Partnering up with <a href="https://www.rga.com/">R/GA</a>, on Feb. 14, they put together two people inside a giant X-ray machine revealing only their skeletons. Once out, people got to see all kinds of love, regardless of age, gender, sexuality, race, or religion.The campaign won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Commercial and got viral with over 164 million views online.

5. Love has no labels

“[It] challenges us to open our eyes to our bias and prejudice and work to stop it in ourselves, our friends, our families, and our colleagues.”

<ol><li>Make campaigns multi-platform</li></ol>Start simple and work your way towards a more elaborate approach. Try using <a href="https://www.canva.com/video-editor/">Video Marketing </a>to increase engagement and connect more to the people you are targeting.  2. Keep an eye on your audienceIt's possible for real people and not marketing agencies to initiate campaigns online, all you have to do is to stay alert, and if lucky, you might just encounter one. 3. Give supporters a templateIn preserving the key message and linking it back to the campaign, create templates for people to use and give their own flare to.

Takeaways from the 5 campaigns

4. Embrace influencer marketingInfluencers have strong networks and a following. Banking on them could take your campaign to the next level. Just be sure to provide them with a clear brief on your campaign goals and directions for them to best cater to your needs. 5. Reinvent an established content formatTraditional formats are there to be reinvented. Take something people already are familiar with and offer a new way of looking at it. This diminishes learning curves and provides new insights into old thinkings and habits.

Takeaways from the 5 campaigns (con't)

Nonprofit organizations could also take center stage and have viral campaigns. Here are 5 of the most successful and memorable nonprofit campaigns that hit the internet by storm all the while accomplishing their intended mission of raising funds, imparting awareness, or making a wish come true.

cybersecurity

Cybersecurity

computerscience

Computer Science

5 viral nonprofit campaigns and what you can learn from them

The non-fungible nature of NFTs makes them valuable because they tend to be released in limited quantities:<ul><li>Though one could see an NFT collection with 10,000 different models being minted and sold, they cannot be re-released once they are gone.</li><li>Traditional stocks can be duplicated almost infinitely, prompting people to sell the same share several times. However, NFTs are unique and cannot be reliably reproduced.</li><li>The unique factor of NFTs makes them more valuable with time, combined, of course, with the scarcity as mentioned above.</li></ul>

NFTs are scarce

<ul>
<li>If there are only an X number of NFTs available ever, then that means after all of them are sold out, it’s over. This is what’s known as absolute scarcity.</li>
<li>However, even inside the pool of available NFTs in a collection, there’s another type of scarcity: relative scarcitywhich can be an essential factor in determining if an NFT can be a viable long-term asset or not. In a group of NFTs, there’s only a finite number of illustrations with similar characteristics. If it’s a mummy NFT project, there could be a limited number of NFTs that have a specific trait or characteristic.</li>
</ul>

The scarcity of an NFT is determined by its availability

NFTs are viable and have been promoting the creation of decentralized business.<ul><li>Thanks to virtual lands and the Metaverse, we’ve seen decentralized real estate become a million-dollar business almost overnight.</li><li>Soon, decentralized service providers will use NFTs as their calling cards for their services.</li><li>NFTs can be catalysts for new economic models, as we’ve seen in minor ways with the Super Bowl, Coachella, and Flyfish Club.</li></ul>

NFTs create decentralized economies

NFTs are already changing the gaming paradigm by seizing power from the big companies and handing it to the players.Decentralized gaming works by developing games built on decentralized technology.The play-to-earn model helps games make in-game rewards by playing the game and completing tasks. These rewards can be cryptocurrency, resources, and digital assets stored in the blockchain.Thanks to blockchain’s tamper-free technology, your actions in-game are forever stored in the blockchain, so the NFT you obtained is also permanently there unless you decide to trade it or keep it somewhere else.

NFTs decentralize gaming

NFTs make ownership easier to manage, thanks to the blockchain. Since minted NFTs are part of the blockchain, they cut off intermediaries and empower content creators.Now, you’re able to create your stuff and sell it to those interested in them directly. A musician can sell proof of ownership of their song; a writer can sell their NFT books; a digital artist can sell their NFT art.NFTs represent a revolution of art ownership, making it desirable to get into it if you’re a content creator. And it’s no secret that many NFT artists have made massive profits from selling their NFT art.

NFT art can make you rich

<ul><li>Not everybody knows how NFTs work, but you’d be hard-pressed to find someone in 2022 who hasn’t once heard about the term.</li><li>NFT was the most searched word on online browsers in 2021.</li><li>Today, many big companies, brands, and business conglomerates are investing in NFTs.</li><li>The more mainstream they become, the more people will invest in them.</li></ul>

NFTs are becoming mainstream

People enjoy collecting NFTs because they enjoy purchasing art. Numbers, charts, and stock graphs hardly compare to mystifying digital illustrations, awe-inspiring videos, and gaming rewards.NFT art collection is similar to a real-life art collection at an auction house.All in all, an NFT is more than just a financial instrument. It’s a digital asset you can keep for personal use instead of something you want to sell later for a profit.Of course, an intelligent investor can collect NFTs and also invest in stocks to diversify

NFTs are more appealing than stocks

NFTs are being used as access keys to many events, such as Coachella’s lifetime passes. Soon, NFTs will be understood as more than pixelated illustrations or GIFs: they’ll become entry passes for events, clubs, and memberships.This hints at the diverse ways NFTs can be used for marketing and promotion, making them viable assets for investments and tools to promote other services for companies and individuals.

NFTs can be access keys

They are viable as long-term assets because they can be easily traded without restriction.Their record of authenticity and proof of ownership provides owners with a sense of security around their assets.

NFTs are excellent goods for trading

Find out if Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs are viable) can be viable long-term assets. Learn about the top benefits and risks.

crypto

Cryptocurrency

Top Reasons Why NFTs Are Viable Long Term Assets

Stop scrolling into Facebook or TikTok in your free time, here there are my top five apps to spend time to learn, grow, and inspire me as Deepstash does.

Apps to rock your days

If you want to meditate, you should try this one.It has different packs of content and time.Also, it is free. Try once and you will never let it go.

Medito

If you want to learn a new language, you should start by little steps.5 minutes of learning vocabulary with interactive games will be useful. Non preoccuparti, inoltre è gratuita!

Drops

What to do next? What to buy for a party? What to wear? No worries! Just search a concept in Pinterest and look for options.

Pinterest

You need to keep training your brain. Never is to late to review or learn how to increase the way you are learning words, adding, or writing.The free plan is one of the best ones!

Elevate

The best app to read, edit, and save files.The free mode has a lot of options, I encourage you to give a chance.

Xodo

Hello! I'm sharing with you the best apps I have in my cellphone. Hope you enjoy it!

education

Learning & Education

Technology, our ally.

The large size of the human brain is what makes us (arguably) the most intelligent creatures on Earth, but new research surprisingly reveals our brains may have been slowly shrinking from about 3,000 years ago. Are we getting less smart? Scientists aren’t ready to declare that yet, but have found a possible answer for the brain size mystery by studying ants and the use of collective intelligence in their social organizations.

Smaller Brain = Less Intelligence?

Researchers have found that for much of human evolutionary history our brains kept growing. In fact, if you count from our last shared ancestors with chimpanzees six million years ago, the human brain size almost quadrupled. This happened thanks in part to the improving diet and nutrition of early humans. Cro Magnons, the Homo sapiens that had the largest brains in history were alive from 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. But as the recent study from scientists at Dartmouth and Boston Universities points out, around 3,000 years ago, our brains began to diminish.

The Size Of Our Brain Through History

Previous research estimated that, over the past 20,000 years, the average volume of the human brain went from 1,500 cubic centimeters (cc) to 1,350 cc — shrinking by about 150 cc, or 10% (the size of a tennis ball, as commentators have pointed out.) “Most people are aware that humans have unusually large brains—significantly larger than predicted from our body size. In our deep evolutionary history, human brain size dramatically increased,” said the new study’s other co-author James Traniello, of Boston University. “The reduction in human brain size was unexpected.”

Our Brain Was Always Growing And Growing. And Then It Stopped. 

The big question of course is, “Why is our evolution going in reverse?” The interdisciplinary research team, which included a biological anthropologist, a behavioral ecologist and an evolutionary neurobiologist, write in the study that their dating techniques do not “support hypotheses concerning brain size reduction as a by-product of body size reduction, a result of a shift to an agricultural diet, or a consequence of self-domestication.”

Why Did Our Brains Start Shrinking? Here’s Why They Did Not. 

The scientists believe that the reason we don’t need the same size brains lies in the creation of our social systems, which favor distributed gathering and sharing of knowledge and information while offering advantages in “group-level decision-making.” Since brains use a lot of energy, being able to draw upon the knowledge gathered within a larger society would require less individual brain energy to be expended in order to store and process information. Thus a smaller brain would be able to do the job just as well.

So, Why Did Our Brains Start Shrinking?

Interestingly, the researchers also suggest that the advent of writing around 5,000 years ago likely had a pronounced effect on the “neural architectures” of individual human brains by increasing the power of group cognition. Decision-making by an increasingly interconnected group could have led to “adaptive group responses exceeding the cognitive accuracy and speed of individual decisions and had a fitness consequence.” This could have led to the human brain size decrease “as a consequence of metabolic cost savings.”

But What Was The Start Of It All?

Unexpectedly, the researchers arrived at their conclusions by studying ants. As the scientists write in their paper, “Humans live in social groups in which multiple brains contribute to the emergence of collective intelligence.” While understanding the historical forces affecting brain evolution in humans is a complex undertaking, with only the fossil record to use for evidence, the researchers looked at ant communities.

And What Brought About That Idea?

“The remarkable ecological diversity of ants and their species richness encompasses forms convergent in aspects of human sociality, including large group size, agrarian life histories, division of labor, and collective cognition,” explain the scientists in the study. The range of social systems in ant societies allowed them to test out hypotheses and come up with insights that provide a general look at how selective forces can affect brain size.

Ant Sociality And Human Sociality

The research team focused specifically on creating computational models that represent patterns of worker-ant brain size and energy use, looking at groups of Oecophylla weaver ants, Atta leafcutter ants, and the common garden ant Formica. What they found is that collective intelligence and division of labor had an effect on the variation in brain sizes. In a group with shareable knowledge and individual specialization in particular tasks, brains were likely to adapt for the sake of efficiency, consequently diminishing in size.

Division Of Labour Affects Brain Size

“Ant and human societies are very different and have taken different routes in social evolution,” Traniello shared. “Nevertheless, ants also share with humans important aspects of social life such as group decision-making and division of labor, as well as the production of their own food (agriculture). These similarities can broadly inform us of the factors that may influence changes in human brain size.”

Ants Are Not Humans, Of Course

A review of the book in The American Journal of Sociology read: “After many years” observation of the behaviour of ants, the author has written a popular book attempting to show how ant societies function, how they solve many of the ‘social problems’ confronting man - war, reproduction, sustenance, pressure groups, security, democracy, and totalitarianism. In addition, one finds a tracing of the rise of the ants as a race, their diversification, their struggles for dominance, their tastes for odors, forms, and textures, their modes of ‘gossip’ and memories.”

In 1946, Dr. Caryl P. Haskins Wrote “Of Ants and Men”

As the author of “Of Ants and Men” himself remarked in 1946, the question is how far can we compare these ant societies with our own without becoming hopelessly involved in a bog of anthropomorphism? In other words, he goes on to reflect, can we legitimately “go to the ant” without reading into our findings many things that really do not exist? While this new research doesn’t have definitive answers, the new modeling is a fascinating step forward in getting closer to a fuller picture of our evolutionary transformation.

“Go To The Ant”

A successful team is a group of many hands and one mind.

The human brain shrank in size about 3,000 years ago. Scientists may have found an explanation by studying ants.

Scientists may have found an explanation for the surprising decrease in human brain size about 3,000 years ago by studying ants.

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

Can Collective Intelligence Be the Reason Why Human Brains Are Shrinking?

The BioSentinel mission was selected as one of the secondary payloads, to fly on the first launch of the Space Launch System rocket for the Artemis I missionThe primary objective of BioSentinel is to develop a biosensor instrument to detect and measure the impact of space radiation on living organisms over long durations beyond low-Earth Orbit (LEO).

Introduction

BioSentinel will address strategic knowledge gaps related to the biological effects of space radiation, and will provide an adaptable platform to perform human- relevant measurements in multiple space environments in the future. The BioSentinel biosensor utilizes the budding yeast to query the biological response to ambient deep space radiation, including DNA damageGrowth and metabolic activity of the yeast cells will be measured using a 3-color LED detection system and the metabolic indicator.

Science Goals Of Mission

Yeast is the ideal organism for this mission because of its spaceflight heritage, well-characterized genetic tools, and its capacity to survive long period space radiation. Most Importantly, yeast’s DNA damage repair processes are highly similar to that of humans. The biosensor contains two genetically engineered yeast strains: a wild type strain that serves as a control for yeast health and “normal” DNA damage repair, and a rad51 deletion strain, which is defective for DNA damage repair.

Why Yeast?? 

The BioSentinel mission is funded by the Advanced Exploration Systems program within the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.Partner organizations include NASA Ames Research Center for the development of BioSentinel, and NASA Johnson Space Center for the LET spectrometer.

Partners & Funding

A biology experiment on a small, deep-space satellite will study radiation exposure to help NASA prepare to send humans farther than they’ve ever gone before.

space

Space

What is BioSentinel?

If you listen, you can hear whirs rather than roars. If you look, you can see charging stations in grocery store parking lots or libraries.For years, electric vehicles were said to be just around the corner. Now, they’re here, moving from niche to mainstream, with their listen-or-you’ll-miss-it driving noises, and with no need for gas, oil changes or emissions tests — ever. The revolution is happening in a time of high gas prices and amid worries about stable energy sources fueled by the war in Ukraine.

The Electric Cars Have Arrived

Even as momentum grows around these vehicles, sales still pale in comparison to gas-powered vehicles. And there are plenty of other obstacles: EVs are more expensive, and charging stations are not located everywhere, though there’s a race to build more. The industry has largely settled on a universal plug, though Tesla still has their own that comes with an adapter. The wait time for charging an EV also varies by vehicle model and charging station.

The Problems That Come With EVs

The biggest EV challenge is scaling up: installing pricey charging stations and ensuring the electrical grid won’t collapse if everyone plugs in at once. The expectation is that people who have charging stations at home will plug in overnight, while those who live in apartments or who park their cars on the street will have to get a charge while running errands or maybe at work.For now, demand far outstrips supply, thanks to ongoing supply chain issues plaguing the auto industry. That means anyone wanting an EV should be prepared to wait, depending on the make and model.

The New Challenges

Here’s how the electric vehicle revolution is going

“One way solar could soon become more widely used would be to integrate solar panels onto a wider array of commonplace materials and technologies without inconveniencing the ways we currently use those things today. “Even though <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2020/06/23/two-thirds-of-americans-think-government-should-do-more-on-climate/">over two-thirds</a> of Americans feel the government should do more to protect against climate change, most are unwilling - sometimes defiant - to change their collective energy routines drastically due to inconvenience. Some rooted in practical issues (i.e - not enough EV power stations, bad locations for alternative energies, general power supplies), others…not so much.

Powered by Convenience

If achieved, energy harvesting devices could be discreetly placed on top of windows, display screens, or even human skin

Researching New Materials To Integrate Solar Energy

However, a team of researchers in Japan have now made promising <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15352-x">steps toward solving this transparency issue</a> The process is based on a conductive material called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), which is both transparent and colorless.ITO is one of the most widely used <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_tin_oxide">transparent conducting oxides</a> because of its electrical conductivity and optical transparency, the ease with which it can be deposited as a thin film, and its chemical resistance to moisture.(Completely unrelated and 99.9% different, but this reminds me of <a href="https://www.tssbulletproof.com/blog/optically-clear-aluminum-provides-bulletproof-protection-2/">newer bulletproof glass technologies</a>. The .1% being that they’re both clear.)

Transparency Materials Still Less Than 70% Clear

With their manufacturing approach, Kato’s team made the device over 1,000 times more effective at converting incoming light into electrical energy than existing ITO-based solar cells.The team’s choice of materials was far more transparent than previous designs: allowing some 79% of incoming light to pass straight through.

Efficiency and Transparency

If the material becomes more commercially viable in the future, Kato’s team believes it could one day be integrated into phones and other everyday electronics. (for now, I guess I’ll just have to make do with one of these useful <a href="https://www.outdoorgearlab.com/topics/camping-and-hiking/best-solar-charger">portable solar chargers</a> 🤷‍♂️…🙃)

This Conversation Brought To You by…THE SUN!!

Tech got us here, tech can *help* get us out…

A new solar panel design can efficiently convert light into electricity, while still allowing almost 80% of incoming light to pass through.

Transparent solar panels could soon turn windows into energy harvesters

In 1899 the bobbing pin came into wide use as the hairstyle known as the "bob cut" or "bobbed hair" took hold. It was invented in Paris by Robert (Bobby) Pinot. As foreigners caught wind of his invention, the hairstyle gained momentum and the pin became known as "Bobby's pin."

Why is a bobby pin called a bobby pin?

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

Bobby pin - Wikipedia

Being smart in a typical American secondary school makes life difficult as teenagers would rather focus on being popular. Nerds are smart but not socially adept. They avoid social interaction and instead focus their energy on becoming smarter, not adopting fashionable norms. This causes nerds not to be very popular at school. Yet, nerds seem to do just fine after high school and in the real world, as being trendy doesn’t matter so much.

Why nerds are unpopular

Hackers are makers, like painters or writers. Hackers need to understand the theory of computation, similar to painters who need to understand paint chemistry. Hacking and Sketching are similar: good software is put out there and gradually searched, refined, and sometimes beaten into shape over continuous iterations. You learn to hack by hacking. You also learn from examples. Great software requires devotion to beauty, even the parts you don’t expect anyone ever to see. Software should be well-written, readable, and well documented.

Hackers and Painters

Successful computer programming does not require rigid adherence to rules and conventions. More often, becoming a hacker involves breaking some rules. To learn how to hack, you must look at others’ work, even if the work is protected by intellectual property rights. The only way to become innovative is to question the established ideas and seek ways to improve them.

Hackers must break rules to be good at what they do

Regardless of how hard you work in a large corporation, your wages won’t increase substantially. Instead, start a company as it is the fastest way to make money. The rich aren’t hoarding wealth because wealth isn’t limited. Chances are that the richest individuals have worked harder and more productively than most people. If you want to make a million dollars, you must endure a million dollars worth of pain.

How to make wealth

As painters must please an audience, hackers must please their users. Keep the end user in mind when you start designing your product. To collect feedback from real users, first, create and launch a prototype. Even a very stripped-down prototype early on gets you valuable feedback so you can correct mistakes and improve the product. The more users you have, the more successful your company will be. When someone considers buying your company, the value will be based on the number of users you have.

How to make great things

There are many languages programmers can code in, like C++, Python, and Java, as certain things are more easily expressed in one language than another. For example, the language List allows you to tell the computer to add variables Y and X with only two lines of code. Python does not recognise variables, so you will have problems if you try to add Y to X. A workaround could be six lines of code. New languages are still developed, and existing ones are constantly evolving. These days, any developer can adapt and develop current programming languages or even create their own.

Programming languages explained

As hackers develop as programmers, they will recognise the value of good taste in the programming languages they use. A language that is too complex or limiting will simply be avoided by hackers. A language that meets hackers' needs will become popular, which means hackers will develop it further to improve it. For example, open-source languages such as Perl and Python.

Programming languages should be designed according to the needs of hackers

Companies find it easier to hire programmers who code in popular languages. It means there will always be more hackers using popular languages than obscure ones. But if programmers as forced to use one language for everything, you won’t get the best performance out of your product. You are most likely facing the same issue as your competitors and could gain a significant advantage by switching to a more optimized language.

 The downside to using popular languages

Timeless essays from Paul Graham on the internet, building wealth, startups, and more.

"The computer world is like an intellectual Wild West, in which you can shoot anyone you wish with your ideas, if you're willing to risk the consequences. " --from Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham We are living in the computer age, in a world increasingly designed and engineered by computer programmers and software designers, by people who call themselves hackers. Who are these people, what motivates them, and why should you care? Consider these facts: Everything around us is turning into computers. Your typewriter is gone, replaced by a computer. Your phone has turned into a computer. So has your camera. Soon your TV will. Your car was not only designed on computers, but has more processing power in it than a room-sized mainframe did in 1970. Letters, encyclopedias, newspapers, and even your local store are being replaced by the Internet. Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham, explains this world and the motivations of the people who occupy it. In clear, thoughtful prose that draws on illuminating historical examples, Graham takes readers on an unflinching exploration into what he calls "an intellectual Wild West." The ideas discussed in this book will have a powerful and lasting impact on how we think, how we work, how we develop technology, and how we live. Topics include the importance of beauty in software design, how to make wealth, heresy and free speech, the programming language renaissance, the open-source movement, digital design, internet startups, and more.

business

Business

startup

Startups

books

Books

"The computer world is like an intellectual Wild West, in which you can shoot anyone you wish with your ideas, if you're willing to risk the consequences. " --from Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul GrahamWe are living in the computer age, in a world increasingly designed and engineered by computer programmers and software designers, by people who call themselves hackers. Who are these people, what motivates them, and why should you care?Consider these facts: Everything around us is turning into computers. Your typewriter is gone, replaced by a computer. Your phone has turned into a computer. So has your camera. Soon your TV will. Your car was not only designed on computers, but has more processing power in it than a room-sized mainframe did in 1970. Letters, encyclopedias, newspapers, and even your local store are being replaced by the Internet.Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham, explains this world and the motivations of the people who occupy it. In clear, thoughtful prose that draws on illuminating historical examples, Graham takes readers on an unflinching exploration into what he calls "an intellectual Wild West."The ideas discussed in this book will have a powerful and lasting impact on how we think, how we work, how we develop technology, and how we live. Topics include the importance of beauty in software design, how to make wealth, heresy and free speech, the programming language renaissance, the open-source movement, digital design, internet startups, and more.

Paul Graham

Hackers & Painters

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