Hope is a positive cognitive state based on determination and planning to meet a goal successfully. It consists of three things:

• Goals thinking : the ability to create goals.
• Pathways thinking : the ...

• Realistic hope: It is hope for an outcome that is reasonable and possible. For example, hope for ease from chronic pain, knowing that complete eradication is unrealistic.
• Utopian hope: It is a collectively oriented hope that combined actio...

• Hope correlates with high academic and athletic performance, greater physical and psychological well-being, better self-esteem, and increased relationships.
• Hope can enhance well-being over time.
• Hope results in the person viewing stressful situations as a challenge rather...

With hope therapy, instead of dwelling on the unpleasant factors, it incorporates positive self-talking, thinking of the future in a more positive way, and connections with supportive networks.

Historically, psychology tried to treat mental illness by reducing

• Hope and optimism. Optimism is a positive attitude about a future event that is probable while being hopeful is more realistic. A hopeful individual recognizes that life may work out differently, but continues to remain positive.
• A potential pitfall of hope...

AHS is a 12-item measure of hope for people over 15 years of age.
Two sub-scales of the 12-item measure of hope are:

• Agency thinking (goal-directed energy). Scores can range from 4 to 32 points. The higher numbers reflect a higher amount of ...

The State Hope Scale was designed to assess an individual's momentary goal-directed thinking.

It has a 6 item self-report, and respondents have to rate items based on how they think about themselves. (from 1 - definitely false to 8 - definitely true.)

HHI is developed to measure a total, non-time oriented sense of hope.
The Herth Hope Index consists of three dimensions:

• Temporality and future - creating goals and a positive outlook on life and not a fear of the future.

• The Children’s Hope Scale (CHS) is designed to measure the overall hopeful thinking in children between the ages of 8 - 16.
• The Herth Hope Scale (HHS) is designed to capture the multidimensional aspects of hope. It measures three dimensions of hope...

Hope interventions focus on improving happiness, well-being, and positive cognition.
It is very valuable for the following types:

• People who are experiencing a loss of control - the skidding effect.
• People who are experienci...

• Create a hope map to develop clear and exciting goals and actions that will help in the pursuit of the goal, identifying and overcoming possible barriers, and maintaining motivation.
• Keep a hope journal. Writing about challenges, what gives hope, a...