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In Disney’s Pixar acclaimed success Ratatouille, Chef Gusteau states: “Good food is like music you can taste, color you can smell, there is excellence all around you; You only need be aware to stop and savour it!”
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Chef Gusteau’s extended metaphor clearly refers to the infinite combinations of flavors that delight our palate and make food intake a pleasurable experience. Flavor per se is the combined sensory impression of food, and it is determined by the five basic qualities of taste: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami (the “savory” taste associated with monosodium glutamate or MSG). Perception of these qualities entails the interaction of a substance from our food, or tastant, with specific taste receptor proteins residing in the taste buds of the tongue.
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Figure (A) The tongue consists of small structures known as papillae (raised bumps) where taste buds reside. Depending on their shape papillae are classified into four groups: circumvallate, fungiform, foliate and filiform (B) Each taste bud harbors a set of elongated taste receptor cells that contain taste receptors that sense substances with different taste qualities. Upon detecting a substance, taste receptor cells transmit the information to gustatory nerves in contact with the tissue, which further transmit the information to the central nervous system, ultimately reaching the brain.
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