Curated from: Huberman Lab
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Time-restricted eating or intermittent fasting means restricting one’s eating to a specific period during a 24-hours day – or going without food for a fixed number of days.
There is a biological difference between fasting and time-restricted feeding. Fasting and eating establish different biological conditions in the body, so time-restricted feeding is the term used to describe the overall plan of restricting one's eating window as it's called to a particular phase of each 24-hour day, or in some cases two specific days within the week.
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If one's main goal is simply to lose weight, then it really does not matter what one eats provided that the number of calories burned is higher than the number of calories ingested.
A study from 2018 looked at weight loss in people following one particular diet versus another particular diet. The basic conclusion of the study was that there was no significant difference in weight change between people following a healthy, low-fat diet versus a healthy, low carbohydrate diet with significantly more dietary fats in them.
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There are many factors that impact the calories burned part of the calories in, calories out equation.
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It’s important that the feeding window take place during the most active parts of the day
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It's essentially cleaning up dead cells and cells that are injured or sick. And this is a natural process that occurs mainly during sleep. Fasting of any kind does tend to enhance autophagy.
Autophagic conditions can also be created simply by following a sub-caloric diet.
When we're asleep, the bad cells are getting gobbled up and eaten. And the good cells also are undergoing certain repair mechanisms mainly related to, or at least governed by the circadian genes.
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People think that they are on an eight-hour feeding window or six-hour feeding window, but when their data are analyzed (from fasting apps), it almost is always the case that they're actually on a feeding window that's one or even two hours longer than they think.
It turns out that people cheat, but they don't cheat in any kind of obvious way. They might have, you know, a glass of wine after dinner, or they'll have a cup of tea and a little bite of a cookie.
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Relatively short feeding windows of say four to six hours do produce a number of positive health effects. Things like increased insulin sensitivity, which we know is good, remember type two diabetes is a reduction in insulin sensitivity improvements in beta cell function and the pancreas decreased blood pressure, decreased oxidative stress decreases in things like evening appetite. So positive health effects and psychological facts in general.
However, they either produce no change in body weight, or they tend to produce even increases in body weight.
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This window seems to be very beneficial across almost all the parameters, like inflammation, weight, loss, fat loss, adherence, etc. Also, people's ability to stick to the diet seems quite good during the 8- hour feeding windows, but when people try and undergo very short feeding windows of four to six hours, it seems that they are overeating in that four to six hours, at least overeating with respect to their metabolic needs.
The 7-9 hour feeding window produces all of the major health benefits of time-restricted feeding as well as being pretty straightforward.
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If your main interest is maintaining and, or building muscle, then it can be beneficial to ingest protein early in the day.
You would still want to obey the foundational rule of no: not eating any food for the first hour post waking or at least the first hour post.
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You should allow yourself a transition period of anywhere from one week to 10 days in which you shift your feeding window by about an hour each day or so.
And then once you establish a feeding window that feels comfortable for you and that you think you can maintain over time and you simply maintain that feeding schedule for at least 30 days (but ideally you would do that indefinitely.)
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It does seem that it can create significant weight loss and can help obese individuals because it can reduce resting blood glucose, and every other day fasting in many cases can produce more rapid effects on weight loss and reductions in blood glucose than time-restricted feeding.
However, every other day type of fasting for most people is not going to be feasible. They're just not going to be able to do that for a long period of time.
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One of the aspects of fasting that have drawn a lot of people to time-restricted feeding and fasting is the clarity of mind that people get.
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It's all contextual. It depends on when you ate how much you ate and where you are in your circadian cycle.
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There are not a lot of good studies exploring plant-based non-sugar sweeteners, like Stevia.
Most people need to establish this for themselves. The best way would be to wear a continuous glucose monitor to go into a fasted state of either one hour or two hours, or maybe you've been fasting all night and then ingest Stevia in whatever form you want.
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