"Work Hard" is one of the oldest pieces of advice for success. According to the author Malcolm Gladwell, it takes 10,000 hours of deliberate practice to attain mastery.
Doing anything worthwhile requires hard work, becoming great at it requires an obsession. Plus, hard work is the one prerequisite for changing the world.

Working Hard

Truly working 40 hours in a week is rare because just completing your work hours doesn't amount to real work. 40 hours of great work output can come from 60 or more hours of 'regular' work.Work can also take many different forms, and is not confined to the working that is 'visible'.

40 Hours A Week

Discover something you love to do, that you’re good at doing, and that you can get compensated for.When work becomes play, it doesn't stress us out and doesn't seem to exhaust us. Work that is fun for us, becomes great work. Joyful, meaningful work is one of the keys to being successful.

Work Becomes Play

A handful of people who have gotten extraordinarily lucky make it seem like success may be easy for anyone.Success isn't a cakewalk and requires sacrifices, crazy hours, and pain. Success is filled with disappointment and setbacks along the journey.

Success Requires Sacrifice

Focus on what you are great at, and what you want to do for the rest of your life, as time is a limited resource, and you cannot be great at everything.

Attain mastery by focusing on one thing and utilizing your time well, instead of being distracted with multiple options.

One Thing At A Time

This is not a reliable metric for hard work.True success is achieved by working in a focused way with quality output, and cannot be measured by counting the work hours.

Time Spent Working

Genius level work is often done alone. Deep, creative work requires 'flow' and that is best achieved when you have no one around them to distract the train of thought and the creative sparks that arise in a quiet state.

Genius Work is Done Alone

Massive Success means being the absolute best of your domain. There are three ways one can be massively successful:<ul><li>Getting extraordinarily lucky</li><li>Being born with exceptional gifts that no one has.</li><li>Working crazy hours.</li></ul><ul>
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Massive Success

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<figure><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/r7nlPsvaMVgm9hOdmODXqTXme_fEL-7ZIiCyPnBA_vKgrX-__X3Vpu5F7nbvBoktp-CmwGhR8o5XpgH9XicviZyRFmN7ST7Y6KNQniocCIiS3SXZ9kxxElIAs-dNFeEg6mQCAAz_"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/r7nlPsvaMVgm9hOdmODXqTXme_fEL-7ZIiCyPnBA_vKgrX-__X3Vpu5F7nbvBoktp-CmwGhR8o5XpgH9XicviZyRFmN7ST7Y6KNQniocCIiS3SXZ9kxxElIAs-dNFeEg6mQCAAz_"><figcaption>Photo by Jordan Whitfield on Unsplash</figcaption></figure>
To be one of the best in the world at something, you have to work hard. While this seems obvious, there are many people who don't believe it's true. Many people believe you can become great just working 9 to 5. It's not clear where this controversy comes from.
It could be a result of the fact that we can't all agree on how many hours of work really constitute "hard." Malcolm Gladwell theorizes that it takes 10,000 hours of deliberate practice to become a master at something. But it is not just the hours ... it is the obsession that matters. 
You cannot be great at something unless you are obsessed with it. You need to be thinking about it all the time. That obsession may consume you and it might not be healthy for you ... but that is the difference between the great and the merely good.
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Crazy hard workers: every athlete that has achieved remarkable achievements. Think of the athlete you admire and they inevitably worked their butt off. Think of a great musician and they are spending countless hours practicing. Doing anything worth while is really hard work.- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1210046650644758529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 26, 2019</a>
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Hard work is a prerequisite to changing the world. People who changed the world were workaholics. Look at Martin Luther King Jr., or Mahatma Gandhi, or Alexander Hamilton. They all put in many hours more than a standard 40-hour week. 
The difference though is that their work is an extension of who and what they are. 
They worked hard because it did not feel like work. At least not always.
Actually getting 40 hours of work done in a week is rare. There are very few people who can do world-changing work in a 40-hour week. I've never seen one. 
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40 hours of great work is amazing. Most people need 60 hours to do 40 hours of great work. If you can do 40 in 40 you are in great shape.- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1209990201566580736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 26, 2019</a>
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Some people can actually do 40 hours of good work in 40 hours (that is an amazing skill that usually comes with experience). For the rest of us, it usually takes 60 hours of work to get in 40 hours of great work output. 
But you don't need to "change the world" to do good work. At SafeGraph I'm not looking for people that want to work 90-hour-weeks. People like that long-term are less likely to join a company - they are much more likely to start a company. I'm extremely happy to work with someone that does 40 hours of quality work a week. And if that person can get 40 hours of work done in 40 hours, that is great.
The output for most employees is a lot less than 40 hours in a week. Even people who work more than 60 hours rarely achieve 40 good hours of work. Really good employees can reach 40 hours of work (and the best people can do it in just 40 hours) consistently every week.
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Also: this seems like the accepted conventional wisdom. Why is this so controversial?- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1210046901069860869?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 26, 2019</a>
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Hard work and the athlete Think about those professional athletes who have achieved remarkable accomplishments. Consider the way they take care of their eating and sleeping habits. Is this separate from their "work" day? 
What about the time they spend in the gym, away from the court? Or the re-hab, cryotherapy, and massage therapy they spend hours undergoing? 
All of this is work. Many of them spend over 5 hours a week just planning out their meals.
Each hour of the day becomes an extension of what they are at their core: athletes who want to sweat, improve, and win. Hard work is not an option for these high achievers, it's their default.
There's a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kobe-bryant-woke-up-at-4-am-to-practice-before-olympics-2013-3">great story about Kobe Bryant training with the American Olympic basketball</a> team in 2012. A trainer met Bryant in Las Vegas and offered to help him whenever he needed it. Bryant ended up calling this trainer at 4 a.m. in the morning to do a conditioning stint. 
After the workout, the trainer went back to bed to get some sleep before an 11 a.m. scrimmage with the full team. When the trainer returned to the court, he asked Bryant how long he had worked out. Bryant told him he hadn't left the facility - he had wanted to hit 800 shots and just finished. Bryant had shown up 7-hours early for a scrimmage game. 
That's what it takes to achieve massive success.
To those in the right industry, hard work feels like play. If you are one of the best at what do you, your work probably feels like play. That's one of the keys to being successful. Find something you love to do, <a href="https://summation.net/2019/01/03/to-improve-focus-on-your-strengths/">that you're good at</a>, and that you can get paid for.
Kobe Bryant loves to play basketball and everything in his life is an extension of that love. Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett love to read about businesses. Munger has been called a walking book with two legs by his kids. This isn't work for them - it's play. 
Most people don't want to be the best at what they do. They are content with working the standard 40 hours per week in a job they can stand, and then spend their free time pursuing other things. There is no shame in this.
If someone finds their job hard and exhausting though, the idea of working 60-80 hours per week will sound like torture. But it means they are working on the wrong things (or working with the wrong people). 
If you are going to put in enough time to change the world with your work, it has to be fun for you. It has to be joyful and filled with meaning. Otherwise, you won't stick around long enough or move fast enough to make a lasting impact on your industry. 
<figure><blockquote>
Most people that changed the world were workaholics. MLK, Gandhi, Hamilton, Thatcher, etc all worked nights and weekends. But if you are not interested in changing the world, then working more than 40 hours a week is optional. I choose to try to change the world. <a href="https://t.co/6G0OhMsY7t">https://t.co/6G0OhMsY7t</a>- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1209945192792350720?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 25, 2019</a>
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Massive Success Requires Massive Sacrifice But remember, it is not always play. Achieving massive success always means very big sacrifices. If you are not prepared to make big sacrifices, you are not prepared to achieve big successes.
Even the best athlete moans when they need to pass up a doughnut. But success requires delayed gratification. 
There is a Twitter meme that you can have your cake and eat it too. That you don't need to sacrifice to achieve success. That you don't need to work crazy hours. That you don't need to feel pain to gain. The only scenario where that is true is for the handful of people that were lucky enough to be born with such extraordinary gifts. But it is not good advice for the rest of us.
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You can't be great at everything. You need to choose. You cannot be great at work, a great parent, a great spouse, a great friend, and a great citizen. If you're lucky, one day you can get to great at 1 or 2 of these things. (but you can be good at a lot of things)- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1211679318910222336?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 30, 2019</a>
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You can't be great at everything, and you can't be great at anything, but you can be great at something. Time is a limited resource, and so you need to choose what to focus on. In the professional world, you can't be a world-class surgeon and build world-class data companies at the same time. You could try to spend 20 years doing one, and then another 20 years doing the other (assuming you love both of them), and perhaps you can be great at both, but not at the same time. 
<figure><blockquote>
You can't be great at everything, and you can't be great at anything, ... but you can be great at something.- Auren &#119815;&#119848;&#119839;&#119839;&#119846;&#119834;&#119847; (@auren) 
<a href="https://twitter.com/auren/status/1217950327262990336?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 16, 2020</a>
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These same rules apply to your personal life. You can't simultaneously be great at work, be a great parent, be a great spouse, be a great friend, and be a great citizen. You need to choose one. Yes, that sounds super harsh but it is true. 
And everyone is choosing by their actions. When you choose to spend more time with your kids you are likely choosing to spend less time with your friends. Friendships, like all important things, require a certain number of core hours to maintain. So you are implicitly choosing to be a parent over a friend. 
The world functions in such a way that if you choose one skill and devote yourself to it, you can find greatness. But you can't be great at all of them at once. As the saying goes: "you can have anything you want, but not everything you want."
It's easy to signal hard work with "time-spent," but it's the quality of work that matters. It's not the number of hours you work per week that matters, it's the quality and focus you bring to that work. 
Many people spend their energy status-signaling about how hard they work without producing significantly during that time. 
But it's the quality of that time that matters. The employee who shows up at 7 a.m. and puts in a 12-hour day, but spends much of their time pushing emails around is not going to be as successful as the one making real break-throughs. 
On the other side of that are those who protect their status by claiming that hard work won't allow you to achieve what they have achieved. They are "special" in some way (read lucky) and their genius alone has brought them success. Hard work was never part of their equation. 
This may actually be true - they could have been lucky and not worked hard to get where they are. But that approach probably won't work for you. The best path to success is hard work, not luck. 
As Keith Rabois says: "It's a marathon, not a sprint. But those who run marathons run sub 5-minute miles, every mile."
Hard work can be isolating. If it were easy, everyone would do it. <a href="https://summation.net/2019/01/07/spend-lots-and-lots-of-time-alone/">But working hard is isolating</a>. 
Paul Graham has a great <a href="http://www.paulgraham.com/makersschedule.html">model for this kind of time management</a> - he calls it maker time. Maker time is an isolated time set aside to do deep, creative work (like coding or writing). As it's not collaborative, it can be done outside office hours.
Manager's time, on the other hand, is cut into single half-hour slices filled with meetings and collaboration. These are by-default during office hours. 
When we talk about "working hard," we are usually referring to isolated, maker's work done outside 9-5 hours. This has consequences for your personal life. It means sacrificing time with family. It means spending less time with your kids. Spending less time with your friends. 
Genius work is often done alone. 
There are only three ways to be massively successful. There are only three paths to massive success (see below). But I want to quickly define "massive success." Massive Success is not merely being a very good musician ... it is being Prince. Massive Success is not merely being a very good athlete, it is being LeBron James. Massive Success is not merely being a tech entrepreneur, it is being Elon Musk. Massive Success is not merely being a local politician, it is being Gandhi. 
Very few people are massively successful. Very few people even want to be massively successful. 
There are three ways of being a Massive Success:

<ol>
	<li>Getting extraordinarily lucky </li>
	<li>Being born with extraordinary gifts that no one else has</li>
	<li>Working insane hours</li>
</ol>

These are the only three ways to Massive Success. And many people that reach Massive Success have a combination of these three. 
But if you do not have extraordinary luck (like your parents do not happen to be billionaires) and you were not born with an IQ score of over 200, your only strategy to reach massive success is working crazy hours. 
Even if you were born with gifts that are off-the-charts rare (think of LeBron's James amazing athletic ability coupled with his near-photographic memory), you likely still need to have LeBron James's famous work ethic to succeed. 
Hard workers are the ones who improve the world. We enjoy all the pleasures of modern-day life because someone worked hard to create them. Dreamers who put their dreams into action have given us medical breakthroughs, space exploration, democracy, and the rule of law. 
Hard work is a prerequisite for changing the world. There's no substitute for it. And despite what some may say, it's still underrated. 
If you work hard with the right people on the right product, you can change your life and the lives of millions of others.
<pre>Special thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/TWaschenfelder">Thomas Waschenfelder</a> for his help and edits.</pre>
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To be one of the best in the world at something, you have to work hard. While this seems obvious, there are many people who don't believe it's true. Many people believe you can become great just working 9 to 5. It's not clear where this controversy comes from.

Why hard work is so important (and still under-rated)

Working Hard

40 Hours A Week

Work Becomes Play

Success Requires Sacrifice

One Thing At A Time

Time Spent Working

Genius Work is Done Alone

Massive Success

It's time to
Read like a Pro.

Why do we work so hard?

How to stop feeling so overwhelmed at work

Why does quitting your job still feel so hard?

Why hard work is so important (and still under-rated)

Working Hard

40 Hours A Week

Work Becomes Play

Success Requires Sacrifice

One Thing At A Time

Time Spent Working

Genius Work is Done Alone

Massive Success

It's time to Read like a Pro.

Why do we work so hard?

How to stop feeling so overwhelmed at work

Why does quitting your job still feel so hard?

It's time to
Read like a Pro.