<ol><li>Talking about yourself too much.</li><li>Asking questions only for the sake of discovering secrets and expose someone else's mistakes.</li><li>Telling a scripted story and being oblivious to the fact that other people don't care or being aware that others don't care, but still continues to tell the story.</li><li>Seeing a conversation as a possible chance to debate or fight. It makes other people walk on eggshells in order to avoid disputes.</li><li>Mocking someone for their misfortunes, defects, and deformities of any kind.</li></ol>

Common Errors While In The Company of Others

<ol><li>When meeting people for the first time or even talking to an acquaintance, it is important to be genuinely interested in others.</li><li>The ability to accept them for who they are as a person, regardless of their flaws.</li></ol>Being witty, well-read, and attractive can help make a good impression but it won't matter unless the two rules above are also applied.

The Simple Recipe To Being a Nice and Likeable Person

<img alt="Benjamin Franklin on how to be a nice, likable person" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNjA0ODIwMi9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY1MjkyODc4NH0.aZfDDUKpQh6OmXcZ4to9Y1OB6k06Kvhlmzcj6_39wvs/img.jpg?width=1245&amp;quality=85&amp;coordinates=0%2C768%2C0%2C156&amp;height=700" width="703" height="395"><div dir="ltr">
 <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/actor-ralph-archibald-portraying-ben-franklin-reacts-during-news-photo/910159?adppopup=true" dir="ltr">Credit</a>: William Thomas Cain via Getty Images
 </div><UL><LI>Benjamin Franklin wrote essays on a whole range of subjects, but one of his finest was on how to be a nice, likable person. </LI><LI>Franklin lists a whole series of common errors people make while in the company of others, like over-talking or storytelling. </LI><LI>His simple recipe for being good company is to be genuinely interested in others and to accept them for who they are.</LI></UL>Think of the nicest person you know. The person who would fit into any group configuration, who no one can dislike, or who makes a room warmer and happier just by being there.What makes them this way? Why are they so amiable, likeable, or good-natured? What is it, you think, that makes a person good company? <BLOCKQUOTE>There are really only two things that make someone likable.</BLOCKQUOTE>This is the kind of advice that comes from one of history's most famously good-natured thinkers: Benjamin Franklin. His essay "<a href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-01-02-0055" dir="ltr">On Conversation</a>" is full of practical, surprisingly modern tips about how to be a nice person.Franklin begins by arguing that there are really only two things that make someone likable. First, they have to be genuinely interested in what others say. Second, they have to be willing "to overlook or excuse Foibles." In other words, being good company means listening to people and ignoring their faults. Being witty, well-read, intelligent, or incredibly handsome can all make a good impression, but they're nothing without these two simple rules.<h2>The sort of person nobody likes</h2>From here, Franklin goes on to give a list of the common errors people tend to make while in company. These are the things people do that makes us dislike them. We might even find, with a sinking feeling in our stomach, that we do some of these ourselves.1) Talking too much and becoming a "chaos of noise and nonsense." These people invariably talk about themselves, but even if "they speak beautifully," it's still ultimately more a soliloquy than a real conversation. Franklin mentions how funny it can be to see these kinds of people come together. They "neither hear nor care what the other says; but both talk on at any rate, and never fail to part highly disgusted with each other."2) Asking too many questions. Interrogators are those people who have an "impertinent Inquisitiveness… of ten thousand questions," and it can feel like you're caught between a psychoanalyst and a lawyer. In itself, this might not be a bad thing, but Franklin notes it's usually just from a sense of nosiness and gossip. The questions are only designed to "discover secrets…and expose the mistakes of others." 3) Storytelling. You know those people who always have a scripted story they tell at every single gathering? Utterly painful. They'll either be entirely oblivious to how little others care for their story, or they'll be aware and carry on regardless. Franklin notes, "Old Folks are most subject to this Error," which we might think is perhaps harsh, or comically honest, depending on our age.4) Debating. Some people are always itching for a fight or debate. The "Wrangling and Disputing" types inevitably make everyone else feel like they need to watch what they say. If you give even the lightest or most modest opinion on something, "you throw them into Rage and Passion." For them, the conversation is a boxing fight, and words are punches to be thrown.5) Misjudging. Ribbing or mocking someone should be a careful business. We must never mock "Misfortunes, Defects, or Deformities of any kind", and should always be 100% sure we won't upset anyone. If there's any doubt about how a "joke" will be taken, don't say it. Offense is easily taken and hard to forget.<img width="3000" height="2000">Not following Benjamin Franklin's advice.<a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/head-coach-bob-knight-of-the-texas-tech-red-raiders-argues-news-photo/52064045?adppopup=true" dir="ltr">Credit</a>: <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/search/photographer?family=editorial&amp;photographer=Ronald+Martinez" rel="noopener noreferrer" dir="ltr">Ronald Martinez</a> via Getty Images<h2>On practical philosophy</h2>Franklin's essay is a trove of great advice, and this article only touches on the major themes. It really is worth your time to read it in its entirety. As you do, it's hard not to smile along or to think, "Yes! I've been in that situation." Though the world has changed dramatically in the 300 years since Franklin's essay, much is exactly the same. Basic etiquette doesn't change.If there's only one thing to take away from Franklin's essay, it comes at the end, where he revises his simple recipe for being nice:"Be ever ready to hear what others say… and do not censure others, nor expose their Failings, but kindly excuse or hide them"So, all it takes to be good company is to listen and accept someone for who they are.Philosophy doesn't always have to be about huge questions of truth, beauty, morality, art, or meaning. Sometimes it can teach us simply how to not be a jerk.Jonny Thomson teaches philosophy in Oxford. He runs a popular Instagram account called Mini Philosophy (@<a href="https://www.instagram.com/philosophyminis/" rel="noopener noreferrer" dir="ltr">philosophyminis</a>). His first book is <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mini-Philosophy-Small-Book-Ideas-ebook/dp/B08M3XDNPM/" rel="noopener noreferrer" dir="ltr">Mini Philosophy: A Small Book of Big Ideas</a>.U.S. Navy ships<div>
 Credit: Getty Images
 </div><UL><LI>U.S. Navy holds patents for enigmatic inventions by aerospace engineer Dr. Salvatore Pais.</LI><LI>Pais came up with technology that can "engineer" reality, devising an ultrafast craft, a fusion reactor, and more.</LI><LI>While mostly theoretical at this point, the inventions could transform energy, space, and military sectors.</LI></UL><div dir="ltr">
 Keep reading
 
 </div><div>
 YURI KADOBNOV/AFP via Getty Images
 </div><div>Friedrich Nietzsche's body of work is notoriously difficult to navigate. He wrote in multiple styles, including essays, aphorisms, poems, and fiction. </div><div dir="ltr">
 Keep reading
 
 </div>The Last of Us Part II<div>
 Credit: Naughty Dog
 </div><UL><LI>Most video games are happily escapist entertainment, but some are much more. </LI><LI>One of these is The Last of Us Part II (TLOU2), which takes place in a post-apocalyptic pandemic world. </LI><LI>Through the innovative use of game play technology TLOU2, radically changes your perspective and elevates this game from entertainment to true art.</LI></UL>There are basically two kinds of people in the world: those who play (or played) video games and those who don't get video games at all.Okay, I admit this might be an oversimplification. But for a 58-year-old guy who didn't start playing until about ten years ago, this bifurcation explains why so many people miss what is truly revolutionary in these revolutionary technologies. I find myself spending a lot of time explaining to my non-gamer friends (both young and old) that in the midst of all the alien shooters, battle royales, and side-scrolling melee fighters — FYI, these are game genres — there lies a radically potent new method for storytelling. And it's storytelling that provides one path by which a great video game can become great art. To illustrate this point, let me introduce The Last of Us Part II.Released during COVID-19, The Last of Us Part II (TLOU2) tells a story in a world fallen to a pandemic. The subject matter certainly seems timely, but by itself, that doesn't mean much. Post-apocalyptic pandemic video games are a dime a dozen. There are a zillion titles out there that will let you spend 20 or 30 hours of game time mowing down zombies of one form or another while upgrading your weapons, health, and skills.<h2>The sublime art of TLOU2</h2>Now, don't get me wrong. The mowing down of zombies and the upgrading of skills common to many video games are just fine. Not every game has to be great art, just like not every movie you watch or novel you read has to be great art. There is, most definitely, a place in this world for mindless escape, entertainment, and fun. That's because — if you are into it — sneaking around some last-outpost-of-humanity while trying to take out dangerous zombies can be a delicious waste of time at the end of a hard day. But with TLOU2, there is all that and more. <BLOCKQUOTE>The creators of TLOU2 take players on a difficult, exhausting journey through the consequences of violence.</BLOCKQUOTE>Given the "Part II" in its title, TLOU2 is obviously the continuation of a story laid down in The Last of Us. That game followed Joel, a survival-hardened middle-aged smuggler who's been tasked with shepherding teenaged Ellie across the country 20 years after the pandemic outbreak. Ellie is immune to the infection that turns people into zombies. Joel is given his mission by a resistance group that hopes to use Ellie to find a final cure. The journey of Ellie and Joel (who lost his own teenaged daughter two decades earlier in the outbreak) is harrowing and makes The Last of Us almost universally recognized as one of the greatest video games ever made. I've written <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2015/04/28/402741863/why-video-games-matter" rel="noopener noreferrer" dir="ltr">before</a> about how TLOU's innovative use of game-playing mechanics redefined what was possible for storytelling. In TLOU2, creator Naughty Dog Studio manages to make lightning strike twice, finding an entirely new path to transformative innovation.Warning! From here on there are serious spoilers. If you think you want to play these games STOP.<img width="2000" height="1125">The Last of Us Part IICredit: Naughty Dog<h2>You've been warned</h2>TLOU2 takes place four years after the end of the original game. The story is set in motion with the brutal murder of Joel as Ellie is forced to watch. It's an act of vengeance, a retribution for Joel's own choices at the end of the first game. So, what does TLOU2 do to make this game rise above a thousand other stories of vengeance and retribution? The answer lies in the most basic mechanics of game play: perspective.When you play a video game like TLOU2, you take on the role of the character. This means you literally take control of their actions, seeing through their eyes (or over their shoulder) as you navigate them through the world and the story. This is where the digital technologies of video games take storytelling into new domains. In the hands of lesser creators, the possibilities of that power are lost, and you just get another ho-hum shooter with a weak story. That's not what happens in TLOU2.The first half of the game follows Ellie as she tracks down Joel's killer and seeks her own vengeance. Her quarry is Abby, the daughter of a doctor that Joel killed at the end of the first game. Abby is now part of a paramilitary group in Seattle, and you, playing as Ellie, must work your way through the city to find her over the course of three days. Using stealth and combat, fighting both the infected (really terrifying zombies) and Abby's compatriots, the effort is unnerving and exhausting. Unlike most games, TLOU2 does not let you off the hook in its depiction of violence. The brutality of what you are doing cannot be avoided. Characters struggle for their lives and call to each other by name if you take one down. They are friends, and you are the one ending that friendship forever.<h2>The big plot twist</h2>Which you are doing because, in a stunning design choice, TLOU2 switches that all-important perspective on you right in the middle of the game. With an impressive narrative mechanism, the clock gets reset to three days earlier, and you are now Abby, greeting one friend after another at the stadium that serves as the paramilitary group's base of operations. You get breakfast at the commissary and chat with folks in the line. You check out gear for the upcoming patrol and take responsibility for a playful guard dog named Alice. As you move Abby through these often intimate interactions, you come to realize that these are all the people that you just murdered (including the dog) in the first half of the game when you were Ellie. It's a terrible, harrowing shift that colors the rest of the game as it goes on to unpack deeper issues about the strictures of our tribalism, our capacities for choice, and the possibilities of forgiveness. In the end, I was just blown away. What matters for our discussion today is that the immense power of TLOU2 — namely, its ability to haunt me months after I finished the game — is due to the medium. Yes, a novel or film can force a change in perspective and that can be arresting. But it's the immersion, the agency, and the appearance of choice (even if limited) in video games that radically shifts the experience of perspective in a story. And in that shift comes a transcendence, a reframing, and a learning that are all the reasons why we turn to art. Ultimately, one reason we create art, one reason we participate in art, is an effort to learn something. Through it, we hope to find something deeper, something more about this mystery of being human. That is what TLOU2 accomplishes. Through the medium of video games, the creators of TLOU2 take players on a difficult, exhausting journey through the consequences of violence. Given that medium's usual careless treatment of violence, making such a journey possible was not a small thing. It was revealing, and that is what we can, and should, ask from true art.

Benjamin Franklin wrote essays on a whole range of subjects, but one of his finest was on how to be a nice, likable person. Franklin lists a whole series of common errors people make while in the company of others, like over-talking or storytelling. He believes two simple rules make a person good company.

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<ul><li>Benjamin Franklin wrote essays on a whole range of subjects, but one of his finest was on how to be a nice, likable person. </li><li>Franklin lists a whole series of common errors people make while in the company of others, like over-talking or storytelling. </li><li>His simple recipe for being good company is to be genuinely interested in others and to accept them for who they are. </li> </ul>

Think of the nicest person you know. The person who would fit into any group configuration, who no one can dislike, or who makes a room warmer and happier just by being there.

What makes them this way? Why are they so amiable, likeable, or good-natured? What is it, you think, that makes a person good company?

This is the kind of advice that comes from one of history's most famously good-natured thinkers: Benjamin Franklin. His essay "<a dir="ltr" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-01-02-0055">On Conversation </a>" is full of practical, surprisingly modern tips about how to be a nice person.

Franklin begins by arguing that there are really only two things that make someone likable. First, they have to be genuinely interested in what others say. Second, they have to be willing "to overlook or excuse Foibles." In other words, being good company means listening to people and ignoring their faults. Being witty, well-read, intelligent, or incredibly handsome can all make a good impression, but they're nothing without these two simple rules.

From here, Franklin goes on to give a list of the common errors people tend to make while in company. These are the things people do that makes us dislike them. We might even find, with a sinking feeling in our stomach, that we do some of these ourselves.

1) Talking too much and becoming a "chaos of noise and nonsense." These people invariably talk about themselves, but even if "they speak beautifully," it's still ultimately more a soliloquy than a real conversation. Franklin mentions how funny it can be to see these kinds of people come together. They "neither hear nor care what the other says; but both talk on at any rate, and never fail to part highly disgusted with each other."

2) Asking too many questions. Interrogators are those people who have an "impertinent Inquisitiveness… of ten thousand questions," and it can feel like you're caught between a psychoanalyst and a lawyer. In itself, this might not be a bad thing, but Franklin notes it's usually just from a sense of nosiness and gossip. The questions are only designed to "discover secrets…and expose the mistakes of others."

3) Storytelling. You know those people who always have a scripted story they tell at every single gathering? Utterly painful. They'll either be entirely oblivious to how little others care for their story, or they'll be aware and carry on regardless. Franklin notes, "Old Folks are most subject to this Error," which we might think is perhaps harsh, or comically honest, depending on our age.

4) Debating. Some people are always itching for a fight or debate. The "Wrangling and Disputing" types inevitably make everyone else feel like they need to watch what they say. If you give even the lightest or most modest opinion on something, "you throw them into Rage and Passion." For them, the conversation is a boxing fight, and words are punches to be thrown.

5) Misjudging. Ribbing or mocking someone should be a careful business. We must never mock "Misfortunes, Defects, or Deformities of any kind", and should always be 100% sure we won't upset anyone. If there's any doubt about how a "joke" will be taken, don't say it. Offense is easily taken and hard to forget.

Not following Benjamin Franklin's advice.

<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/head-coach-bob-knight-of-the-texas-tech-red-raiders-argues-news-photo/52064045?adppopup=true">Credit </a>: <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/search/photographer?family=editorial&amp;photographer=Ronald+Martinez" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ronald Martinez </a>via Getty Images

Franklin's essay is a trove of great advice, and this article only touches on the major themes. It really is worth your time to read it in its entirety. As you do, it's hard not to smile along or to think, "Yes! I've been in that situation." Though the world has changed dramatically in the 300 years since Franklin's essay, much is exactly the same. Basic etiquette doesn't change.

If there's only one thing to take away from Franklin's essay, it comes at the end, where he revises his simple recipe for being nice:

"Be ever ready to hear what others say… and do not censure others, nor expose their Failings, but kindly excuse or hide them"

So, all it takes to be good company is to listen and accept someone for who they are.

Philosophy doesn't always have to be about huge questions of truth, beauty, morality, art, or meaning. Sometimes it can teach us simply how to not be a jerk.

Jonny Thomson teaches philosophy in Oxford. He runs a popular Instagram account called Mini Philosophy (@<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.instagram.com/philosophyminis/" rel="noopener noreferrer">philosophyminis </a>). His first book is <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mini-Philosophy-Small-Book-Ideas-ebook/dp/B08M3XDNPM/" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mini Philosophy: A Small Book of Big Ideas </a>.

<ul><li>U.S. Navy holds patents for enigmatic inventions by aerospace engineer Dr. Salvatore Pais. </li><li>Pais came up with technology that can "engineer" reality, devising an ultrafast craft, a fusion reactor, and more. </li><li>While mostly theoretical at this point, the inventions could transform energy, space, and military sectors. </li> </ul>

<ul><li>Most video games are happily escapist entertainment, but some are much more. </li><li>One of these is The Last of Us Part II (TLOU2), which takes place in a post-apocalyptic pandemic world. </li><li>Through the innovative use of game play technology TLOU2, radically changes your perspective and elevates this game from entertainment to true art. </li> </ul>

There are basically two kinds of people in the world: those who play (or played) video games and those who don't get video games at all.

Okay, I admit this might be an oversimplification. But for a 58-year-old guy who didn't start playing until about ten years ago, this bifurcation explains why so many people miss what is truly revolutionary in these revolutionary technologies. I find myself spending a lot of time explaining to my non-gamer friends (both young and old) that in the midst of all the alien shooters, battle royales, and side-scrolling melee fighters — FYI, these are game genres — there lies a radically potent new method for storytelling. And it's storytelling that provides one path by which a great video game can become great art. To illustrate this point, let me introduce The Last of Us Part II .

Released during COVID-19, The Last of Us Part II (TLOU2) tells a story in a world fallen to a pandemic. The subject matter certainly seems timely, but by itself, that doesn't mean much. Post-apocalyptic pandemic video games are a dime a dozen. There are a zillion titles out there that will let you spend 20 or 30 hours of game time mowing down zombies of one form or another while upgrading your weapons, health, and skills.

Now, don't get me wrong. The mowing down of zombies and the upgrading of skills common to many video games are just fine. Not every game has to be great art, just like not every movie you watch or novel you read has to be great art. There is, most definitely, a place in this world for mindless escape, entertainment, and fun. That's because — if you are into it — sneaking around some last-outpost-of-humanity while trying to take out dangerous zombies can be a delicious waste of time at the end of a hard day. But with TLOU2, there is all that and more.

Given the "Part II" in its title, TLOU2 is obviously the continuation of a story laid down in The Last of Us . That game followed Joel, a survival-hardened middle-aged smuggler who's been tasked with shepherding teenaged Ellie across the country 20 years after the pandemic outbreak. Ellie is immune to the infection that turns people into zombies. Joel is given his mission by a resistance group that hopes to use Ellie to find a final cure. The journey of Ellie and Joel (who lost his own teenaged daughter two decades earlier in the outbreak) is harrowing and makes The Last of Us almost universally recognized as one of the greatest video games ever made. I've written <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2015/04/28/402741863/why-video-games-matter" rel="noopener noreferrer">before </a>about how TLOU's innovative use of game-playing mechanics redefined what was possible for storytelling. In TLOU2, creator Naughty Dog Studio manages to make lightning strike twice, finding an entirely new path to transformative innovation.

Warning ! From here on there are serious spoilers. If you think you want to play these games STOP.

The Last of Us Part II

Credit: Naughty Dog

TLOU2 takes place four years after the end of the original game. The story is set in motion with the brutal murder of Joel as Ellie is forced to watch. It's an act of vengeance, a retribution for Joel's own choices at the end of the first game. So, what does TLOU2 do to make this game rise above a thousand other stories of vengeance and retribution? The answer lies in the most basic mechanics of game play: perspective.

When you play a video game like TLOU2, you take on the role of the character. This means you literally take control of their actions, seeing through their eyes (or over their shoulder) as you navigate them through the world and the story. This is where the digital technologies of video games take storytelling into new domains. In the hands of lesser creators, the possibilities of that power are lost, and you just get another ho-hum shooter with a weak story. That's not what happens in TLOU2.

The first half of the game follows Ellie as she tracks down Joel's killer and seeks her own vengeance. Her quarry is Abby, the daughter of a doctor that Joel killed at the end of the first game. Abby is now part of a paramilitary group in Seattle, and you, playing as Ellie, must work your way through the city to find her over the course of three days. Using stealth and combat, fighting both the infected (really terrifying zombies) and Abby's compatriots, the effort is unnerving and exhausting. Unlike most games, TLOU2 does not let you off the hook in its depiction of violence. The brutality of what you are doing cannot be avoided. Characters struggle for their lives and call to each other by name if you take one down. They are friends, and you are the one ending that friendship forever.

Which you are doing because, in a stunning design choice, TLOU2 switches that all-important perspective on you right in the middle of the game. With an impressive narrative mechanism, the clock gets reset to three days earlier, and you are now Abby, greeting one friend after another at the stadium that serves as the paramilitary group's base of operations. You get breakfast at the commissary and chat with folks in the line. You check out gear for the upcoming patrol and take responsibility for a playful guard dog named Alice.

As you move Abby through these often intimate interactions, you come to realize that these are all the people that you just murdered (including the dog) in the first half of the game when you were Ellie. It's a terrible, harrowing shift that colors the rest of the game as it goes on to unpack deeper issues about the strictures of our tribalism, our capacities for choice, and the possibilities of forgiveness. In the end, I was just blown away.

What matters for our discussion today is that the immense power of TLOU2 — namely, its ability to haunt me months after I finished the game — is due to the medium. Yes, a novel or film can force a change in perspective and that can be arresting. But it's the immersion, the agency, and the appearance of choice (even if limited) in video games that radically shifts the experience of perspective in a story. And in that shift comes a transcendence, a reframing, and a learning that are all the reasons why we turn to art. Ultimately, one reason we create art, one reason we participate in art, is an effort to learn something. Through it, we hope to find something deeper, something more about this mystery of being human.

That is what TLOU2 accomplishes. Through the medium of video games, the creators of TLOU2 take players on a difficult, exhausting journey through the consequences of violence. Given that medium's usual careless treatment of violence, making such a journey possible was not a small thing. It was revealing, and that is what we can, and should, ask from true art.

Benjamin Franklin on how to be a nice, likable person

Common Errors While In The Company of Others

The Simple Recipe To Being a Nice and Likeable Person

Angela Z.'s ideas are part of this journey:

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