Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell is a book that explores the hidden forces behind successful people. Gladwell shows that as much as talent and hard work are responsible for many of the success stories that we see and hear, there is much more to success than meets the eye. A bit repetitive so you can skim some parts but overall great lessons.

Short Summary

Outliers are people who stand out. They are the top athletes, businessmen, billionaires, professionals, educators, scientists, and politicians. They are the definition of success. The ones that everyone looks up to.When stories of outliers are told, there is a tendency to emphasize individual effort. Gladwell argues that there is another side to the story. Individual effort does count for a lot of things but it is just one of the reasons for success.In other words:Outliers don’t have a singular story. Luck, birthdays, opportunity, upbringing, and many other factors all play oversized roles too

What Are The Outliers

The Matthew Effect: advantages tend to accumulate over time. Those that are given an early push get more advantages as time goes by and those that are put at a disadvantage continue to get limited resources. The Matthew Effect is basically another way of stating the law of cumulative advantage.The story of outliers follows a similar pattern. If you are put at an advantage over your peers and friends from an early age, the advantages will lead to meaningful differences in performance that persist for extended periods.

The Matthew Effect

The 10,000 Hour Rule: it takes about 10,000 hours of deliberate practice to become an expert at anything.But while this is true, the convergence of luck and opportunity is neededFor example:i Bll Gates had unlimited exposure to computers at an early age or most of the Silicon Valley billionaires were just at the right age (born around 1955) and were in their early 20s when the computer revolution began.Yes, preparation does play an oversized role when it comes to achieving greatness but so does luck and opportunity.

The 10k Hour Rule

Having high intelligence (IQ) does not automatically mean that you will be successful in life. Above a certain IQ range, there isn’t much difference in performance. There is a threshold for achieving in a particular area. Once that threshold is achieved, the influence of grades and IQ scores lessens with time.

The Trouble With Geniuses

Studies show that background and upbringing have more of an impact on success than IQ scores.Children from middle and upper-class families are taught to speak up, stand for themselves, and express thought independence. They grow up believing that their voice and opinions matter even in the face of authority. And this explains why they achieve more throughout their lives. On the other hand, children from poor backgrounds don’t receive as much attention from their parents. As a result, they grow to be timid around many situations and develop stifling deference to authority.

The Role of Upbringing

For some outliers, disadvantages are often blessings in disguise. Rags-to riches stories focus on the many odds that the hero had to overcome, but they fail to point out that the odds work to empower the hero over future adversities.Outliers also benefit from “Demographic luck” or being born at the right time.At the same time, engaging in meaningful work no matter how humbling gives you the opportunity to learn and grow.Humble meaningful work can also serve as a pebblestone for the prosperity of future generations.

Starting Out At A Disadvantage Can Be An Opportunity In Itself.

Cultural legacies play an important role in determining the success of outliers.These legacies shape how we react to our environments, how hard we work, how we approach opportunities, and our deference to power and authority.

Cultural Legacy

The difference in performance between low-income students and high-income students is not down to differences in intelligence. Given the same opportunities, students from the two groups perform at the same level.Low-income students’ performance drops during the summer vacation. Their reading levels drop and their maths grades go down suggesting that the home environment has an oversized effect on school performance during the period.With proper instruction guidelines and interventions, it is possible to bridge the gap between low-income and high-income students.

Low And High Income

The length of the summer vacation also has implications on how well students perform. Students from the Asian countries of Japan and China have longer school days and as a result have better reading and math skills.

Summer Vacation

These hacks help you face a situation that “everybody knows” how to solve

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Communication

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Personal Development

Think Outside The Box

Outliers don’t have a singular story. Luck, birthdays, opportunity, upbringing, and many other factors all play oversized roles too. This book shared the other factors.

From the bestselling author of Blink and The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell's Outliers: The Story of Success overturns conventional wisdom about genius to show us what makes an ordinary person an extreme overachiever. Why do some people achieve so much more than others? Can they lie so far out of the ordinary? In this provocative and inspiring book, Malcolm Gladwell looks at everyone from rock stars to professional athletes, software billionaires to scientific geniuses, to show that the story of success is far more surprising, and far more fascinating, than we could ever have imagined. He reveals that it's as much about where we're from and what we do, as who we are - and that no one, not even a genius, ever makes it alone. Outliers will change the way you think about your own life story, and about what makes us all unique. 'Gladwell is not only a brilliant storyteller; he can see what those stories tell us, the lessons they contain' Guardian 'Malcolm Gladwell is a global phenomenon ... he has a genius for making everything he writes seem like an impossible adventure' Observer 'He is the best kind of writer - the kind who makes you feel like you're a genius, rather than he's a genius' The Times

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Career

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Parenting

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Leadership & Management

From the bestselling author of Blink and The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell's Outliers: The Story of Success overturns conventional wisdom about genius to show us what makes an ordinary person an extreme overachiever. Why do some people achieve so much more than others? Can they lie so far out of the ordinary? In this provocative and inspiring book, Malcolm Gladwell looks at everyone from rock stars to professional athletes, software billionaires to scientific geniuses, to show that the story of success is far more surprising, and far more fascinating, than we could ever have imagined. He reveals that it's as much about where we're from and what we do, as who we are - and that no one, not even a genius, ever makes it alone. Outliers will change the way you think about your own life story, and about what makes us all unique. 'Gladwell is not only a brilliant storyteller; he can see what those stories tell us, the lessons they contain' Guardian 'Malcolm Gladwell is a global phenomenon ... he has a genius for making everything he writes seem like an impossible adventure' Observer 'He is the best kind of writer - the kind who makes you feel like you're a genius, rather than he's a genius' The Times

Malcolm Gladwell is the author of five New York Times bestsellers—The Tipping Point, Blink, Outliers, What the Dog Saw, and David and Goliath. He is also the co-founder of Pushkin Industries, an audio content company that produces the podcasts Revisionist History, which reconsiders things both overlooked and misunderstood, and Broken Record, where he, Rick Rubin, and Bruce Headlam interview musicians across a wide range of genres. Gladwell has been included in the TIME 100 Most Influential People list and touted as one of Foreign Policy's Top Global Thinkers.

Malcolm Gladwell

Outliers

You only get <a href="https://www.theladders.com/static/images/basicSite/pdfs/TheLadders-EyeTracking-StudyC2.pdf">less than 7.5 seconds </a>to grab a hiring manager's attention when they read your resume for the first time.

Quick First Impression

Being responsible for something is just a circumstance. Saying you were "responsible for [X]" is a weak and generic way to describe your abilities and accomplishments.Of course you had responsibilities. Doesn't everyone? And if not, then did you really bring any value to the company?It's also advised to stay away from general office buzzwords and confusing phrases. These are words that you might hear people say all the time, but are often incredibly vague.

Avoid "Responsible For"

Here are 35 strong, confident and truly descriptive resume words that companies want to see:

Power Words

1. Directed 2. Managed 3. Spearheaded 4. Supervised 5. Trained

Leadership Words

6. Collaborated 7. Contributed 8. Joined 9. Integrated 10. Synchronized

Teamwork Words

11. Accomplished 12. Completed 13. Delivered 14. Established 15. Formulated

Achievement Words

16. Authored 17. Connected 18. Defined 19. Illustrated 20. Presented

Communication Words

21. Advanced 22. Boosted 23. Enhanced 24. Increased 25. Maximized

Improvement Words

26. Assessed 27. Identified 28. Mapped 29. Tested 30. Verified

Research Words

31. Built 32. Constructed 33. Designed 34. Developed 35. Inspired

Creativity Words

Should check these tips to improve your resume.

The best resumes have powerful and descriptive action verbs, says career coach and bestselling author Ken Coleman. He shares the two words to remove from your resume ASAP — and what to use instead.

'Avoid these 2 resume words at all costs,' says career expert—here are 35 power verbs to use instead

Today’s average employee spends close to 30 percent of their work hours on email and receives 120 messages per day. A recent study conducted by Slack showed that 62 percent of their users spend over three hours of their work day in Slack, and another study found that 91 percent of businesses use two or more messaging apps simultaneously.But digital correspondence doesn’t need to be soul-sucking. Instead, think of them as bite-sized opportunities to invite genuine connection with your coworkers and partners. Even a touch of levity can start a chain reaction that shifts the dynamic.

Humor as a way of connecting with coworkers 

A callback references a shared experience between you and the recipient, transforming a single moment into an inside joke. Callbacks are particularly powerful because they make it easy for the other person to reply in kind. Calling back a shared moment of any kind usually does the trick — but calling back a moment when you and the recipient laughed together, as Daria did, is particularly powerful.

Use callbacks

In a series of famous studies on direct mail response, professor and author Siegfried Vogele found that 90 percent of people read the postscript before the body of the letter. Meaning that your PS is likely to be your recipient’s first impression, not the last.The same is true in email. It’s like finally living out the childhood dream of dessert before dinner. As such, a PS is an impactful way to slip a little levity into an otherwise serious email.

PS: Add a PS

How you say goodbye when you leave a job makes a lasting impression. A psychological principle called the “peak-end rule” explains that the moments people remember most from an experience are: the most emotionally heightened one and the final one. This means that after you’re gone from the job, people are most likely to recall two key things: that one big exciting project you worked on, and how you said goodbye.

Say goodbye with humanity

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3 ways to fold humor and humanity into your work emails

<ul><li>The idea of slowly withdrawing from overworking has gone viral. This 'quiet quitting' has actually been happening for decades - but its newfound popularity says a lot about work now.</li><li>Quiet quitting is quitting the idea of going above and beyond. You're still performing your duties, but you're no longer subscribing to the hustle-culture mentality that work has to be your life</li><li>People are realizing they've put in a lot more effort than their salary shows: no one should be driving themselves to burnout for a wage that causes personal stress or worry.</li></ul>

Quiet Quitting

The idea of slowly withdrawing from overworking has gone viral. This ‘quiet quitting’ has actually been happening for decades – but its newfound popularity says a lot about work now.

Why ‘quiet quitting’ is nothing new

The office is the second most common place to make friends (behind the neighborhood).But, with only 34% of knowledge workers in the US working in-office full time, that’s likely to change. A couple of recent findings highlight why this is bad news for corporations:<ul><li>Data suggests workers with a “best friend” at work are more likely to stay at their job.</li><li>Hybrid workers with a “best friend” at work dropped from 22% in 2019 to 17% in June.</li></ul>Now corporations are taking it upon themselves to forge these relationships, scheduling in-person retreats, on-site training sessions, and virtual coffee chats.

The office

<ul><li>A recent survey found US workers consider relationships with co-workers to be one of the least important factors of job satisfaction. Work-life balance and compensation ranked highest.</li><li>Gen Z values work friendships the most, with 16% of 18-25-year-olds saying it’s the most important factor in job satisfaction.</li></ul>

But do workers even care?

It’s getting harder to make work friends, but workers don’t seem to care.

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Remote Work

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Corporate Culture

Is this the end of work friends? - The Hustle

questions help us develop relationships and deepen our understanding. they allow us to show our interest in the work of others. asking good questions can set you apart from your peers.

1/QUESTION EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING

nd at least one person in your sphere you want to be like or have qualities you admire. learn from this person, observe how they treat others and conduct themselves. having someone be aspirational in your sphere can push you forward.

FIND ASPIRATIONAL PEOPLE

when it’s time to leave a role, it’s time to leave. don’t waste time sitting without growth. you’re either growing experience or compensation. both is great. neither is a sign to go.

DONT LET THE DOOR HIT YA

Businesses are deep & complex machines that have endless and evolving sets of understanding. once you fall into a rhythm of work, don’t lose sight of the need to keep learning. those who want to advance never stop learning & bringing more to the table.

NEVER STOP LEARNING

as you progress and rise through an organization, learn more about what other functions do. understand the big picture. foresee the challenges and impacts to others and call them out. having this view makes you a more valuable senior team player.

GO WIDE TO GO UP

if the work you’ve been given or own doesn’t compliment the skills you want to grow, seek out the growth yourself. join groups. read books. get a side hustle. do what you need to keep growing and compliment your skills.

FIND WAYS TO ENHANCE SKILLSET

A carreer lesson from a coporate exexutive that can be used in almost any job.

Six Career Advice from Marcus Celestin (A Brilliant Under 30 Corporate Executive)

<ul><li>Commit to your business</li><li>Share your profits with all your associates, and treat them as partners</li><li>Motivate your partners</li><li>Communicate everything you possibly can to your partners</li><li>Appreciate everything your associates do for the business</li><li>Celebrate your success</li><li>Listen to everyone in your company</li><li>Exceed your customers’ expectations</li><li>Control your expenses better than your competition</li><li>Swim upstream</li></ul>

10 Rules To Build A Successful Business

“Ignore the conventional wisdom. If everybody else is doing it one way, there's a good chance you can find your niche by going in exactly the opposite direction."

Walton was a lifelong learner who applied everything he learned to his advantage. He was also an experimenter unafraid to try new ideas and discard them if they didn’t work. Ultimately, he had a single driving goal for all his stores: to make every single customer as happy as possible.

A Lifelong Learner

<ul><li>Frugality</li><li>Continuous improvement</li><li>Start & fix along the way</li><li>Prioritize</li><li>Try new things</li><li>Think long term</li><li>Life is unfair</li><li>Money is not the prime motivator</li><li>Lower your prices to sell more</li><li>Learning to value a dollar</li><li>You can learn from everybody</li></ul>

Sam Walton Personality

“High expectations are the key to everything.”

"Keep everybody guessing as to what your next trick is going to be. Don’t become too predictable."

<ul><li>In 1945 Sam Walton opened his first discount shop.</li><li>And he took ideas from all over the places. Especially from his competitors.</li><li>In a way, Walmart was another experiment for Sam. Would shoppers shop strictly because of the lower prices?</li><li>It turned out, they would.</li></ul>

Walmart

Walton always wondered what he could do to make the shopping better and easier for the customers.<ol><li>Costumers would need to go to different stores that were specialized for one product.</li><li>They’d need to find parking each time, and all stores would close early.</li></ol>He answered with bigger, one-stop stores, long opening hours, free and abundant parking and lower prices.

Put Customers First

“We take the best ideas from someone else."

<ul><li>But initially, he didn’t put employees first.</li><li>In England, he saw a store that would list its employees as “associates”.</li><li>He treated his employees well, they’d treat his customers well.</li><li>He decided then to call his employees associates and he started a cash and stock sharing so that all employees could take part in Walmart’s success.</li></ul>

Employees’ (Mis)Treatment

"Celebrate your success and find humor in your failures."

“There are only four things in life that matter. The first is happiness and I’ll sell you the other three for a dollar."

The Walmart story about entrepreneurship, and risk, and hard work, and knowing where you want to go and being willing to do what it takes to get there. And it's a story about believing in your idea even when maybe some other folks don't….

In an account of his rise to the top of the American retail business, the reminiscences of the billionaire retailer are combined with interviews with Walton's family and friends

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Entrepreneurship

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Business

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Startups

Meet a genuine American folk hero cut from the homespun cloth of America's heartland: Sam Walton, who parlayed a single dime store in a hardscrabble cotton town into Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the world.  The undisputed merchant king of the late twentieth century, Sam never lost the common touch.  Here, finally, inimitable words.  Genuinely modest, but always sure if his ambitions and achievements.  Sam shares his thinking in a candid, straight-from-the-shoulder style. In a story rich with anecdotes and the "rules of the road" of both Main Street and Wall Street, Sam Walton chronicles the inspiration, heart, and optimism that propelled him to lasso the American Dream.

Sam Walton

Sam Walton, Made in America

As important and valuable as it is to build our internal and external networks, create goodwill with colleagues and managers, and be seen as credible, reliable, and a team players, we need to start making requests in our careers earlier than we think.

Asking for what we need at work

According to relationship researcher John Gottman, healthy, stable relationships have a “magic ratio” of 5 to 1. This means that for every negative feeling or interaction between people in a relationship, there must be five positive feelings or interactions.Rather than spending time ruminating over whether you should ask someone to do something for you when you don’t know them well enough, use that time to increase your positive interactions with them.

Apply the "magic ratio" of healthy relationships

Be direct, be willing to ask, and be able to move on if the answer is no.Show consideration for the other person's needs, values, and interests, and give them an out if they don't accept your request.

Make requests, not demands

A "no" could mean a combination of the following"<ul><li>No, not now. (When would be a better time?)</li><li>No, not at that amount. (What amount would work?)</li><li>No, not to this cause. (What causes do you care about?)</li></ul>

Get curious about what “no” means so you can get to a yes

<ul><li>Approach others with visible joy instead of frustration or anger.</li><li>Make a request from a position of comfort rather than a sense of desperation.</li><li>When you are cheerful, you are more likely to brighten someone else's day.</li><li>Keep the best case scenario n mind: the person you are reaching out to says they can't help you.</li><li>Use your positive attitude to bounce back.</li></ul>

Cultivate a positive affect

It can be hard to ask make “cold asks” early in our careers and relationships. But by applying the science of what makes relationships work, and combining it with the art of connecting, we can hopefully get what we need without seeming needy. This article covers four strategies to get the most out of the early days of a new relationship: 1) Apply the magic 5:1 ratio of healthy relationships. This means that for every negative feeling or interaction between people in a relationship, there must be five positive feelings or interactions. 2) Make requests, not demands. A demand is something to which the other person feels obligated to say yes, whereas a request is something to which the other person can say “yes”, “no”, or make a counter-offer. 3) Get curious about what “no” means so you can get to a yes. Ask questions about the reasons behind the “no”and then make a better ask next time. 4) Cultivate a positive affect. Who is more likely to give you their time, energy, attention, and resources: someone who is experiencing you as needy and negative, or someone who experiences you as upbeat and hopeful? It’s likely the latter.

Ask for What You Need at Work

Left unchecked, comparison can make you miserable. Seeing people be better at something than you are can feel like a vicious uprooting. But with the right tools, you can use your envy to uncover what you value.

Unchecked Comparison Makes You Miserable

Here’s how to take your envy, decode it and turn it into positive action: <ol><li>Listen to your strongest triggers</li><li>Make sure your envy doesn’t become malicious</li><li>Pick a broader baseline</li><li>Compare the nitty-gritty</li><li>Compare present you against past you</li></ol>

5 Ways To Turn Unchecked Comparison Into Action

Comparison can teach you what you value when you see yourself envying someone doing something you want, even if you haven’t consciously allowed yourself to want it.Self-awareness can help you turn your feelings into something useful, so the next time envy rears its head, ask yourself: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">What do they have that makes me feel less than?</li><li class="ql-align-justify">What void do I believe having it would fill?</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Do I really want what they have?</li><li class="ql-align-justify">If yes, how much, and is it worth taking action to try to get it for myself?</li></ul>The more specific your answers, the better you’ll be able to redirect your emotion into actions and strategies.

Listen To Your Strongest Triggers

Comparison-induced envy can be a great motivator and guide. It can also make us bitter. Psychologists distinguish between benign envy, when we admire someone and try to emulate them, and malicious envy, when we dislike the other person for having what we want. It’s the difference between “They have a penthouse apartment, and it’s cool how they got it” and “I hate that their home has panoramic views, and I want them to suffer.” To be clear: Both are painful. Benign envy motivates us to work harder to improve, while malicious envy makes us nasty. We often feel malicious envy when we perceive scarcity. But in many cases, another person’s ability to achieve something is evidence that it’s possible for us, too.

To shift your thinking from malicious to benign envy, try these phrases:
• “I’m inspired by _____. Maybe I can learn from them, or ask them to be my mentor.”
• “I haven’t done what they’ve done . . . yet.”
• “Every person is on their own journey. I’m grateful for mine.”

Shift From Malicious To Benign Envy

If you see a friend hitting a personal milestone, it’s easy to feel you’re far behind in life. But if you think of 10 or 20 of your acquaintances, chances are a bunch will be in the same boat as you – and might even be happily sailing along. In an experiment, researchers asked people to assess their running abilities. They found that participants spontaneously compared themselves with the best runner they could think of and deemed themselves not so great. The researchers then prompted the participants to list the top 10 runners they knew personally. By reflecting on the seventh- or ninth-best runner they had rubbed shoulders with, people suddenly felt a lot better. Comparing themselves with a broader group diminished the enormous gulf between themselves and what they thought of as “good.” Psychologists also find that broadening your perspective can be helpful when you experience what they call deprivation intolerance: when you don’t get what you want and that causes you to plunge into a pit of despair.

Thinking through a day-in-the-life can help you make better comparisons, for example by asking yourself:<ul><li>What would a day-in-the-life look like?</li><li>What specific pieces of that life do I want?</li><li>What specific pieces of that life do I not want?</li><li>What experience does this person have?</li><li>Is this comparison based on some imagined/ better version of myself or other people’s/ society’s expectation of me?</li></ul>Am I willing to give up the good things in my current life to have that?

Compare The Nitty-Gritty

You may not always be exactly where you want to be, but chances are you’re not where you used to be, either. Pausing to take stock of your accomplishments – and the skills you’ve developed as a result – can help you feel proud of your progress and untangle yourself from malicious envy.
A simple way to make this type of self-comparison a habit is to take a few minutes at the end of each month to reflect on these prompts:
<ul>
<li>What have I learned over the past few weeks?</li>
<li>What was difficult, and how would I approach it differently given what I know now?</li>
<li>What progress did I make?</li>
</ul>

Compare Present You Against Past You

Yes, comparing yourself with others is unavoidable, but by applying some of this advice, you can learn to use it to your advantage. Remember that you only see the tip of the iceberg, especially on social media – someone whose life seems perfect on Instagram may be dealing with struggles that you’re completely unaware of. One last good rule of thumb is to balance comparing up (looking at people who have more than you) with comparing down (looking at those who are worse off than you).

Comparing Up With Comparing Down

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

Comparing yourself to others is a sure route to misery — 5 ways to turn it into action instead

<ol><li>Set The Parameters</li><li>Be Authentic</li><li>Have A Clear Outcome</li><li>Be Consistent</li><li>Get Customers Involved</li></ol>

5 Essential Tips For Business Storytelling

Your business story should be engaging. Establish context right off the bat. To start your brand story, answer the following questions:<ul><li>Who is telling the story?</li><li>Why is the story being told?</li><li>When and where is the story taking place?</li><li>Who are the people in the story?</li><li>What are the people trying to achieve?</li><li>What challenges are faced?</li></ul>Most importantly, establish why you’re telling them this story. This will guide the audience through the narrative and hook them all the way to the end.

#1: Set The Parameters

Authentic storytelling is key to gaining consumer trust:<ul><li>Don’t try to fool your audience with an over-the-top tale. Customers know when you try to pull a fast one on them, and they don’t appreciate it.</li><li>Your business’s story doesn’t need to be elaborate. A genuine narrative is more likely to connect with consumers than one without a shred of truth.</li><li>Your customers should know about the Mission and Vision of your company.</li></ul>Transparency celebrates your uniqueness and acknowledges the human aspect of your brand.

#2: Be Authentic

A great business story leaves your audience with something. What lesson was learned in the story, and what should consumers learn from hearing it?
The story gives an idea of who you are and where you come from. The outcome sparks confidence in our offerings and values. You can use your business’s real-life outcomes to convey a message to your customers.
<blockquote>
Business stories should have a clear outcome. Provide a hopeful, thought-provoking message with actionable points that compel your audience to connect with your brand.
</blockquote>

#3: Have A Clear Outcome

A disorganized brand story leaves customers confused and uninterested:<ul><li>Make sure your brand is consistent across all communication channels.</li><li>Use the same colors, logo, and slogan for digital and print marketing materials. </li><li>You need to be consistent when speaking about your brand. Business storytelling takes practice. Know the story inside and out before presenting it to customers. This will help you tell the story naturally.</li></ul>

#4: Be Consistent

Use business storytelling to strike an emotional connection with customers:
<ul>
<li>Talk about how an event related to your business affected you and what you learned. This creates an immediate response that makes your story memorable and shareable.</li>
<li>People like to be a part of stories. Your customers can be characters in your brand. Come up with ways to get your audience involved.</li>
<li>Telling the story of your brand is an ongoing process. Each day, your business grows, shifts, and adds new chapters to its story.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Make business storytelling an essential part of your operations to attract and retain customers.
</blockquote>

#5: Get Customers Involved

When done well, business storytelling gives a compelling reason for consumers to buy from you. A good brand can inspire trust between your business and customers, employees, and suppliers.

Every business a story. Learn how to effectively tell your business's story in a way that will entice customers to buy.

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Money & Investments

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