Sushruta, or Suśruta was an ancient Indian physician and surgeon known today as the “Father of Surgery” and “Father of Plastic Surgery” or "father of brain surgery" for inventing and developing surgical procedures.

5. Acharya Sushruta 

Sushruta Samhita is said to be the most comprehensive treatise written on surgical practice. The modern surgery is also said to be developed from the basics provided by Sushruta. Therefore Sushruta is considered to be the ‘Father of the Surgery’ . High regards and respects go to Sushruta for having developed the surgical methods covering all minute details in an era which lacked scientific advancements and technical help.

Father Of Surgery Sushruta 

Some specialties of Sushrut Samhita–Insistence on theoretical and practical perfection – Sushruta Samhita insists on comprehensive and extensive learning of both theoretical and practical aspects of medical profession, especially surgical knowledge if one needs to provide service to the mankind in the form of a capable doctor. Sushruta Samhita tells ‘The physicians should be well versed in both the aspects of theoretical and practical knowledge. Those who had knowledge only either in theory or practical, are not eligible for medical profession’

Sushruta Samhita specialities

Earlier anatomy and dissection – In Shusruta Samhita, Shareera Sthana (section which deals with anatomy of human body) it is mentioned that dissection of the dead body was conducted at first by Acharya Sushruta. It is stated that every medical student should also conduct dissection of dead body to comprehensively learn the anatomy. Dissection was conducted with ultimate precision during Sushruta’s period. Sushruta has also given details of dead body preservation.

Dissection Of Dead Body

This knowledge of anatomy enabled Sushruta to document every minute detail of theorgans, tissues, blood vessels, nerves,bones and joints etc, with reference to theirstructure, quantity, shape, size, capacity, location and dimensionsThis knowledge was thought to be mandatory for becoming a surgeon.

Minute Detail Of Theorgans 

Shusruta insists that the surgical procedures like incision, excision, suturing etc should not be practiced on the human body at the first attempt. He opines that these procedures should be first practiced thoroughly on props like flowers, fruits, toys etc during the course of learning the operative surgery. Once they are learnt with ultimate precision, the procedures shall be conducted on human body.

Surgical Procedure

Basti karma – Therapeutic enema is a speciality treatment of Ayurveda which is an ultimate remedy for Vata disorders and provides cure for many psycho-somatic disorders. Sushrutha emphasises that prior to performing ‘Vasti Karma’ one should have a perfect practice with the similar type of Vasti yantra (enema apparatus) made up of leather.Kshara and Agni karma – Practice of kshara karma(application of alkalis) and agni karma (cauterization)should be done on dead animals during the learning period. This means to tell that Agni and Kshara Karma should be practiced by applying them on dead animals

Basti , Kshara And Agni Karma

Sushruth was very popular for having conducted many Rhinoplasty’s (plastic surgery performed on the nose) successfully. Its origin is dedicated to Ayurveda, mainly Sushruth. The modern day Rhinoplasty is developed from Sushruta’s Rhinoplasty. All replacement operations which use flaps of skin in the immediate vicinity of the loss are known as ‘Indian Plastic Surgery’ .

Sushruta’s Rhinoplasty –

Sushruta Samhita was originally composed and written by Acharya Sushruta. In a later period Acharya Nagarjuna redacted it.The original Sushruta Samhita comprises of 120 chapters. These chapters are distributed in 5 divisions as mentioned below:Sutra Sthana Deals with fundamental principles of Ayurveda covered in 46 chapters.

Sushruta Samhita

Apart from the basic fundamentals of Ayurveda, Sutra Sthana also deals with topics including – preliminary preparations for surgery, various types of surgical instruments, use of kshara (alkalis), agni (fire cauterization), jalouka (leech application), daha karma (cauterization), collection and preservation of medicinal herbs, administration of emetics and purgatives, various types of food substances etc.

Use Of Various Types Of Surgical Instruments 

Deals with fundamental principles of Ayurveda covered in 46 chapters. Apart from the basic fundamentals of Ayurveda, Sutra Sthana also deals with topics including – preliminary preparations for surgery, various types of surgical instruments, use of kshara (alkalis), agni (fire cauterization), jalouka (leech application), daha karma (cauterization), collection and preservation of medicinal herbs, administration of emetics and purgatives, various types of food substances etc.

In Continuation 

Shareera Sthana–Deals with embryology and anatomy covered in 10 chapters.Chikitsa Sthana–Deals with principles of treatment of various diseases andPanchakarma techniques of treatment covered in 40 chaptersKalpa Sthana–Deals with toxicology covered in 8 chaptersUttara Tantra–Uttara Tantra is the 6thand the last division of Sushruta Samhita which has not been composed by Sushruta.It is believed to be an addition to the main treatise(original redactor)contributed by its redactor,Nagarjuna.It deals with various other subjects which were not discussed in the earlier divisions covered in 66 chapters

More...

Salient features of Sushruta Samhita – Surgery–Sushruta Samhita is an excellent reference for anatomy and surgery,unparalleledTheory of creation–The concept of Srishti Utpattti Krama(theory of cosmic evolution) resembles the concepts related to it as explained inSankhya philosophyEmbryology–Sushruta Samhita gives a clear-cut explanation of conception stating that the fertilization takes place by the union of sperm (shukra)and ovum(aartava).Sushruta also clarifies that though the fertilization(formation of Garbha)takes place by the union of sperm and ovum,its not sufficient for creation of life

Salient features

creation of life. The intervention of superior agent in the form of atma (soul or life element)is necessary.Sex determination on the basis of shape of the zygote (garbha) – Sushruta gives an opinion that the foetus (garbha) takes a recognizable shape in the 2nd month of pregnancy. Various shapes denote various types of sex. Spherical shape of the foetus indicates that the child is male and an elongated shape of the foetus tells us that the child is female. Apart from this, a tumour like shape (arbuda akara) of the foetus indicates that the child to be born would be a napunsaka (hermaphrodite).

Sex Determination 

Tridosha Theory or Humoral theory of Ayurveda – has been dealt in detail with special reference to physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects. Nidra – Different types of nidra (sleep) and swapna (dreams) have been dealt in detail Kala – The important of Kala (time factor) in the creation and destruction of the world has been emphasised. He mentions time as self-existent and is responsible for the process of creation and dissolution of this universe. Sushruta also states that life and death are also functions of time.

Life and Death are Functions of Time.

Sushruta emphasised on the perfection on surgical methods. He pressed on the need of practical training in a complete way to make a good surgeon out of a doctor. He tells that only theoretical knowledge of surgery is not enough. In spite of having a good hold on surgical theory, one has to undergo extensive training and get practical exposure until he or she can confidently handle surgeries. Before conducting the surgery on the human body, Sushruta emphasises that it shall be practised on props and artificial objects like –

Theoretical Knowledge Isn't Enough 

<ul><li>Excisions (chedana) shall be practised on fruits and vegetables like alabu (cucumber, gourd etc)</li><li>Incisions (bhedana) should be practised on the urinary bladders and internal organs of dead animals, leather bags etc.</li><li>Scraping (lekhana) should be practised on the animal skin covered with hairs</li><li>Venesection (sira vyadha) should be practised on recently dead animals or stalks of water lily (kamala, kumuda) etc</li><li>Extraction (aaharana) should be practised on the bilwa majja (pulp of the fruit of Aegle marmelos)</li><li>Suturing (sevana) should be practised on thick piece of cloth or leather</li><li>Bandaging (bandhana)...</li></ul>

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Sushruta was also known as a medical authority in Tibetan literature. Sushruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated that surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances and hence is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is the eternal source of infinite piety, imports fame, and opens the gates of heaven to its votaries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps human in successfully completing their missions and wearing a decent competence in life.

Sushruta Considers Surgery-

Sushruta was also known as a medical authority in Tibetan literature. Sushruta considered surgery the first and foremost branch of medicine and stated that surgery has the superior advantage of producing instantaneous effects by means of surgical instruments and appliances and hence is the highest in value of all the medical tantras. It is the eternal source of infinite piety, imports fame, and opens the gates of heaven to its votaries. It prolongs the duration of human existence on earth and helps human in successfully completing their missions and wearing a decent competence in life.

Sushruta Samhita is said to be the most comprehensive treatise written on surgical and medicine practice. No wonder he is known as father of surgery. Legacy

history

History

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

Acharya Sushruta: Father of Surgery 

“Observe due measure; moderation is best in all things.” It’s a wisdom that finds support across all ages, stages, and aspects of life."

Moderation

Locke adopted a “fair usage” view of property. He argued that one can hold any property that meets the following criteria:<ol><li>It can be used before it spoils (e.g., we don’t have huge stores of food that just rots).</li><li>It leaves “good and enough” for everyone else (e.g., one person cannot own all the land in a country).</li><li>The property must come from your own work and effort or what he calls “mixing your labor” with that thing (e.g., if you farm a field, the field and its produce become yours).</li></ol>But, there’s a lot of ambiguity in these rules, and money rather changes things.

John Locke Idea on Fair Usage

The idea that greed is an essential part of being human (or at least an animal) goes back at least to Plato and has a rich philosophical history from there."It’s when we think of little else than increasing our experiences and material possessions. This is the point at which greed has come to dominate your life." Richard Dawkins on The Selfish Gene

Too Much Greed

It’s when we are loath to spend our money and devote all of our waking lives to determinedly accumulating more and more at the expense of our relationships. It’s when we think of little else than increasing our experiences and material possessions. This is the point at which greed has come to dominate your life.But it’s also when greed replaces our common sense of compassion. It’s when property and wealth become virtues greater than charity, kindness, and solidarity with others.

When Success Morphs Into Greed

We should all check ourselves from time to time to see if some aspects of our life that are at least tainted by greed

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Philosophy

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Religion & Spirituality

Discover the world of business and economics.

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Economics

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Motivation & Inspiration

Greed and the philosophy of wealth

Land revenue was one of the major sources of income for Britishers in India. <ol><li>Permanent settlement was also known as Zamindari System or Istamarari (Sthayi) Bandobast.</li><li> Lord Cornwallis introduced this system in Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, and districts of Benaras in 1793. Later it was structured by John Shore.</li><li>Zamindars were act as middlemen between farmers and the East India Company. </li></ol>

Permanent settlement

<ol><li>The zamindars were free to impose desired rent on farmers.</li><li>Zamindars had to pay a fixed revenue of 10/11th or 89% to the East India Company and he keep the rest 1/11th or 11% to himself.</li><li>Permanent settlement fixed the land rights of the members in perpetuity without any provision for fixed rent or occupancy right for actual cultivators.</li></ol>

Tax under Zamindari System

This Is The First Major Study To Examine Each Of The Strands Of The Epic Struggle Individually And Collectively And To Present Them In A New And Coherent Narrative. It Succeeds In Evolving A New And Lucid History Of The Period.

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Books

India's Struggle For Independence presents a detailed outlook on the struggle for Indian Independence in a new analytical framework. Designed for ardent history enthusiasts, India's Struggle For Independence is one of the most exhaustive and precise account of the struggle of Indian Independence ever written in the literary world. Written and edited by five expert authors, it presents a detailed outlook on one of the most important periods in Indian history. The facts and details provided in this book have been gathered from oral and written sources, and various other primary sources have been used along with years of intense research. Written with a very concise approach, it is a one of a kind book that details the intricacies of the Indian Independence struggle. The struggle for Indian Independence took a long time and was something that affected the whole country. Every state in the country boasted of some kind of revolt – minor or major during this period. Numerous revolutionaries throughout the country came together in their efforts to fight against the British rule and set their country free. Few of the chapters in the book are The Fight to Secure Press Freedom, Foundation of the Congress: The Myth, World War I and Indian Nationalism: The Ghadar, An Economic Critique of Colonialism, Peasant Movements and Uprisings after 1857, The Non-Cooperation Movement—1920-1922, The Gathering Storm-1927-1929, Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings, and many more. India's Struggle For Independence takes the reader on a journey across India as she was craving for her Independence. This book starts at the very first revolt of 1857 under the guidance of Mangal Pandey, from Rani Lakshmi Bai’s innate passion to free her country, Subhash Chandra Bose’s unmatched charisma and aggressive tactics, to Mahatma Gandhi’s famous civil disobedience and non-cooperation movement, to the final victory in 1947 when the British Raj finally came to an end. The book reflects a coherent narrative as it incorporates the existing historiographical advances and yet provides an utterly new and clear view of this period in Indian history.

Bipan Chandra

Mridula Mukherjee

Aditya Mukherjee

K. N. Panikkar

Sucheta Mahajan

India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947

Architecturechat's list of famous buildings of the world is assembled in the attempt to bring you a bit closer to the historical and the modern traits of what makes the famous architecture.﻿

It is one of the largest religious and mysterious monuments in the world. It was transformed to Buddhist temple from Hindu temple at end of 12th century. It is as impressive as it is vast, making it a brilliant example of Khmer architecture. It is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture although it just combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple.

1. Angkor Wat – Cambodia

The present standing building was constructed originally as a church between 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor; therefore, it is also a singular testimony to the grandeur and the genius of Byzantine architecture. It is the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

2. Hagia Sophia – Istanbul

The Forbidden City is the world’s largest collection of well-preserved medieval wooden structures; every detail reflects features of traditional Chinese architecture and rich Chinese culture. It was constructed from 1406 and opened for public in 1420. The complex consists of 980 buildings and covers 72 hectares. Such structures give us an idea about the great architecture of the world.

3. Forbidden City – Beijing, China

It is a French château (a large French country house or castle, often giving its name to wine made in its neighbourhood) spanning the River Cher. The current château was built in 1514–1522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later extended to span the river. The bridge over the river was built in 1556-1559, on the basic designs of French Renaissance architecture.

4. Château de Chenonceau – Chenonceaux, France

It is originally known as the Fuller Building. It is a triangular 22-story, 285-foot (87 m) tall steel-framed landmark building. It was completed in 1902 and has been called one of the world’s most iconic skyscrapers of that time, being the tallest. As with numerous other wedge-shaped buildings in the neighbourhood, the name “Flatiron” derives from its resemblance to a cast-iron clothes iron. The Flatiron Building was designated a New York City landmark in 1966.

5. Flatiron Building – New York City, New York

The Gateway Arch is a 630-foot monument and it is the world’s tallest arch.  It is Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch. There was a design competition for this piece of work for 3 years 1945-48, though it was complete in 1965 and officially dedicated to “the American people.

6. The Gateway Arch – St. Louis, Missouri, USA

It is a masterpiece designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1935. It is a famous modern architecture example, a house which is a fusion of the artificial and the natural in perfect harmony. This house is set above a natural waterfall and water is actually flowing through it. It was declared “best all-time work of American architecture” by the American Institute of Architects in the year 1991.

7. Kauffman Residence or Falling water–Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Burj al Arab is 321 meters high and it represents one of the wonders of contemporary engineering in today’s world, completed in 1999. It is built on an artificial island 280 meters away from the coast. It has a helipad near the roof at a height of 210 m (689 ft) above ground making it is one of the most luxurious and the fourth tallest hotel in the world.

8. Burj al Arab – Dubai

Metropol Parasol is a wooden structure, some 90 feet high and nearly 500 feet long. The structure consists of six parasols (A parasol is an object like an umbrella that provides shade from the sun) in the form of giant mushrooms constructed in four levels. The wood used in the structure is birch, imported from Finland, because of its straight qualities and it was completed in 2011.

9. Metropol Parasol – Spain

It is a nature park, created in 2012. Gardens by the Bay is Singapore’s plans to transform its “Garden City” to a “City in a Garden”, with the main aim of raising the quality of life by enhancing greenery all around and flora in the city. The park consists of three waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden, Bay East Garden and Bay Central Garden. Its flower Dome is the largest glass greenhouse in the world. It can be considered as one of top 10 coolest buildings in the world.

10. Gardens by the Bay – Singapore

Our list of famous buildings of the world is assembled in the attempt to bring you a bit closer to the great architecture of the world

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Personal Development

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Society, Arts & Culture

Great architecture of the world - Architecturechat

Being in touch with the earth is a reminder that your body is just that - earth. Never forget this.

Mystic Quotes - Sadhguru

Devote significant time in planning for any project. And more importantly, use deception. Many people get over excited on starting a new project and fail to fool-proof it, ultimately giving your rival an advantage. Your buisness should be seen as struggling to your rivals until you reach a point where you're outperforming them. "When you're near, you must make the enemy belive, you're far away."

#1. LET YOUR PLANS BE DARK AND IMPENETRABLE AS NIGHT, AND WHEN YOU MOVE, FALL LIKE A THUNDERBOLT

Sun Tzu says, it is extremely important to choose the timing of when to engage the enemy. Having a good strategy is must, but appropriate timing of it's implementation is essential for it's success. Like in marketing, it is important to pay attention to what is happening in a market before entering it, and to stay on top of trends, responding to them in real-time.

#2. THE QUALITY OF DECISION IS LIKE THE WELL-TIMED SWOOP OF A FALCON WHICH ENABLES IT TO STRIKE AND DESTROY ITS VICTIM

Every conflict creates an oppurtunity. Warren Buffet says, the best time to invest is when everyone sells out of fear & prices hit the floor, maximizing the value of your investment. So, as a leader continue to make strongly informed, rational decisions and not decisions based on emotions. Sun Tzu suggests that, remain calm and clear minded during chaos.

#3. IN THE MIDST OF CHAOS, THERE IS OPPORTUNITY

Sun Tzu always had to be prepared for the worst, no matter how trained his soldiers were. While going for battle, you have to counter serveal variables and tactics, so it's better to always be prepared for worst case scenario. Similarly, when you're working on a project, there can be several instances, when your plan can go wrong, so anticipating this in advance can help you come out with solutions quickly.

#4. EXPECT THE BEST, BUT PREPARE FOR THE WORST

"Boats" mean the excuses. If you've provided yourself a goal, a dream, then burn every friggin boats! Destroy every possible excuse which blocks your way. Commit entirely to the goal, but again, be prepared for the worst.

#5. IF YOU WANT TO TAKE THE ISLAND, BURN THE BOATS!

Unlike most editions of Sun-tzu's valuable text currently available (many simply retreads of older, flawed translations), this superb new translation makes use of the best available classical Chinese manuscripts, including and ancient "tomb text" version discovered by archaeologists at Linyi, China. Maps.

"There's not a dated maxim or vague prescription in it." — Newsweek Regarded as the world's oldest military treatise, this compact volume has instructed officers and tacticians for more than 2,000 years. From its origins in China, The Art of War traveled the world to inform the strategies of Napoleon and World War II generals. More recently, it has taken on a new life as a guide to competing successfully in business, law, and sports. All of The Art of War's concepts retain their value to modern readers, from the prudence of circumventing a strong opponent and taking advantage of a weak one to the wisdom of preparedness and flexibility. Other topics include strategy, tactics, maneuvering, communications, the treatment of soldiers, and the worth of well-trained officers. History enthusiasts, business thought leaders, and anyone intrigued by competition and rivalry will appreciate this elegant edition of the classic work.

Sun Tzu (孫子; pinyin: Sūnzǐ) is a honorific title bestowed upon Sūn Wu (孫武 c. 544-496 BC), the author of The Art of War (孫子兵法), an immensely influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy. Sun Tzu believed in the use of the military sciences to effect outcomes that would result in peace.In the author's name, Sūn Wu, the character wu, meaning "military", is the same as the character in wu shu, or martial art. Sun Wu also has a courtesy name, Chang Qing (Cháng Qīng).

Sun Tzu

The Art of War

2021, now this year is a big problem for many people, it's such as a pin in the neck for them.Coronavirus, financial issues, lockdown, safety issues and tension between countries.

Don't Plame 2021 Pt1

Now you are thinking.."why am I even exist?", Well, maybe you don't know, but you are so lucky!

Let's go back in time, specifically to the 1900s, (what will happen if you were born in 1900?)

You will see the light as a beautiful, cute baby but after 14 years, when you were a teenager, the world war 1 started, and ended when you were 18, so 4 years of your life with 22 million dead human. Luckily you survived

Don't be happy, in the 18th year of your life, the Spanish flu has spread out, and it reached your city and a lot of your friends dead because of it. 50 million death in 2 years, but again you luckily survived.

After all of this events, surely you were depressed and really disappointed. After 9 years, the great depression has started, unemployment and financial depression all around the world, the unemployment reached %25, world's sources decreased by %47, 4 years of this thing, the world is poor such as you.

You reached your 34th, you were a super human, you decided that you are ok, and started to look for the good half of the cup "I can do it!"(you said), and started to recognize your life. It didn't go well, world war 2 just started, you were a solider, and you saw 75 million dead human in 2 years.

To Be Continued

In 2021, at least you have internet and a house, in these ideas you will see some events from 1900s.

mentalhealth

Mental Health

Why we are depressed from 2021

Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine. The innovation also opens new avenues for other applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the creation of model tissues for drug screening, the scientists say. The team is even looking to use the hydrogel technology to create lungs to test COVID-19 drugs.

New Synthetic Biomaterial For Wound- Repair.

Advance in age and advance in science are complementary to each other.

health

Health

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

New Synthetic Biomaterial Can Repair Hearts, Muscles, and Vocal Cords

A new coronavirus variant - B. 1.1.529 - Omicron - has been red-flagged by scientists over an amazingly high variety of spike anomalies that may make the virus much more immune to vaccinations, boost transmissibility as well as cause extra serious signs.

10 Things To Know About Omicron.

What is Omicron meaning ? : the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ο, ο ), transliterated as ‘o’.

A new coronavirus variant - B. 1.1.529 - Omicron - has been red-flagged by scientists over an amazingly high variety of spike anomalies.

problemsolving

Problem Solving

10 things to understand about the new COVID-19 variant - B. 1.1.529 - Omicron

Ever since Google was born in 1998, the company has become one of the most valuable and successful companies in the tech world. But despite having a net worth of hundreds of billions and 15 years of history, the company still maintains a startup mentality. 
How does Google achieve that? By focusing on so-called smart-creatives. Smart-creatives are employees who possess a curious, ambitious personality and combine it with their tech know-how.

How Google Works

The technological advancement over the past few decades has brought a highly competitive market. Consumers became increasingly more demanding, as they could easily compare prices and quality (reviews) of products. So companies had to adjust and produce better products to stand out.
The second effect of the tech explosion is that companies could develop products very quickly and cost-effectively. Digital products scale incredibly well, which is why a tiny group of engineers can produce a product used by millions of people. It is also easy to outsource work.

The Two Effects Of The Tech Explosion

Successful companies need to rely on employees who can give them a competitive edge. These employees are called smart-creatives by Google. Smart-creatives combine ideas from different areas. They combine business and tech expertise in a creative way. They are competitive, curious and very ambitious. They are so passionate about their work that they will have no problem pulling all-nighters.
The hiring approach then is to bring in those types of engineers and give them as much freedom as possible. Letting their intrinsic motivation free flow. Smart-creatives are the essence of Google.

Smart Creatives

Hiring should be a top priority. So instead of relying on just a single opinion of a manager, as it is the case in most companies, you should create a committee to represent the company’s different viewpoints.Resumes aren’t the best way to find the most interesting and intelligent employees. Finding them requires imagination, Google’s CEO Eric Schmidt asks himself before making any hiring decision: If he were stuck at an airport with the prospective employee, would they be able to hold an interesting conversation?

Hiring Smart Creatives

To attract smart and creative people, you have to create a company culture which attracts those types of employees. The culture should encourage interaction (as smart people love to talk to other smart people), freedom (smart-creatives don’t like to be in a rigid environment). Employees should be able to speak their mind and have freedom to make their own decisions. A good starting point to define the company culture is to create the guidelines and principles that attract smart-creatives.

Building A Creative, Free-Thinking Company-Culture

Enforcing innovation rarely works because external motivators are harmful to intrinsic motivation as described in Drive. How can a company then encourage innovation? You create the conditions for innovation to flourish.
So how can we create the right conditions for innovation? One simple rule is trying to shoot for bigger goals by “10xing” everything. For example, striving for a product which is 10 times better and has only 1/10 the cost of its current alternative.

Creating The Climate For Innovation

Google dedicates 10 percent of its budget to experiments. Employees have 20 percent free time to spend on whatever they like.Thanks to these measures innovation keeps moving. Gmail for example was a result of an employee’s 20-percent time.

Embrace Risk

Google learned from the book Where Good Ideas Come From that they come from collaborating environments. Innovative companies foster this type of rich environment by creating collaborative working environments and company-wide meetings.
Google has an Intranet system accessible to all employees called Moma, which stores every single product in development so that every employee knows what everyone else is working on(like Notion). This makes it easier for employees to collaborate and share knowledge, even across different departments.

Creating An Open Space To Facilitate Collaboration

The restless and ambitious nature of smart creatives will naturally lead them to create something of their own sooner or later or at least make a change and try something new, like going to another company. So how can you retain them? The answer is, by giving them what they most crave, intellectual challenges.
If you challenge a smart creative’s intellect, they will feel stimulated and more motivated, keeping them happy and away from the thoughts of leaving the company.

Retaining Good Employees

How to assure long-term success? Most CEOs would think that their company needs a business plan. But a rigid business plan in fact isn’t going to work well in most situations. A fixed plan doesn’t leave room for fine-tuning. And in the technology business, things change all the time. A company needs to be able to react quickly to adapt to new situations.

Leaving Some Room For Change

In a traditional company, management used to be hierarchical (vertical). That means that decisions are to be made from superiors and that they are not debated openly, employees have to shut up and follow orders from their superiors.
In smart, creative cultures, decision making is more horizontal and are debated openly. Management cannot just make up their minds about something expecting everyone to follow the orders. If employees don’t support the decision, they won’t follow it.

Discussions, Not Decisions

Chairman Eric Schmidt and executive advisor Jonathan Rosenberg pull back the curtain to reveal how the company created its unique culture of workplace innovation

Seasoned Google executives Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg provide an insider's guide to Google, from its business history and disruptive corporate strategy to developing a new managment philosophy and creating a corporate culture where innovation and creativity thrive. Seasoned Google executives Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg provide an insider's guide to Google, from its business history and disruptive corporate strategy to developing a new managment philosophy and creating a corporate culture where innovation and creativity thrive. Google Executive Chairman and ex-CEO Eric Schmidt and former SVP of Products Jonathan Rosenberg came to Google over a decade ago as proven technology executives. At the time, the company was already well-known for doing things differently, reflecting the visionary-and frequently contrarian-principles of founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. If Eric and Jonathan were going to succeed, they realized they would have to relearn everything they thought they knew about management and business. Today, Google is a global icon that regularly pushes the boundaries of innovation in a variety of fields. How Google Works is an entertaining, page-turning primer containing lessons that Eric and Jonathan learned as they helped build the company. The authors explain how technology has shifted the balance of power from companies to consumers, and that the only way to succeed in this ever-changing landscape is to create superior products and attract a new breed of multifaceted employees whom Eric and Jonathan dub "smart creatives." Covering topics including corporate culture, strategy, talent, decision-making, communication, innovation, and dealing with disruption, the authors illustrate management maxims ("Consensus requires dissension," "Exile knaves but fight for divas," "Think 10X, not 10%") with numerous insider anecdotes from Google's history, many of which are shared here for the first time. In an era when everything is speeding up, the best way for businesses to succeed is to attract smart-creative people and give them an environment where they can thrive at scale. How Google Works explains how to do just that.

strategy

Strategy

business

Business

Seasoned Google executives Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg provide an insider's guide to Google, from its business history and disruptive corporate strategy to developing a new managment philosophy and creating a corporate culture where innovation and creativity thrive. Seasoned Google executives Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg provide an insider's guide to Google, from its business history and disruptive corporate strategy to developing a new managment philosophy and creating a corporate culture where innovation and creativity thrive. Google Executive Chairman and ex-CEO Eric Schmidt and former SVP of Products Jonathan Rosenberg came to Google over a decade ago as proven technology executives. At the time, the company was already well-known for doing things differently, reflecting the visionary-and frequently contrarian-principles of founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. If Eric and Jonathan were going to succeed, they realized they would have to relearn everything they thought they knew about management and business. Today, Google is a global icon that regularly pushes the boundaries of innovation in a variety of fields. How Google Works is an entertaining, page-turning primer containing lessons that Eric and Jonathan learned as they helped build the company. The authors explain how technology has shifted the balance of power from companies to consumers, and that the only way to succeed in this ever-changing landscape is to create superior products and attract a new breed of multifaceted employees whom Eric and Jonathan dub "smart creatives." Covering topics including corporate culture, strategy, talent, decision-making, communication, innovation, and dealing with disruption, the authors illustrate management maxims ("Consensus requires dissension," "Exile knaves but fight for divas," "Think 10X, not 10%") with numerous insider anecdotes from Google's history, many of which are shared here for the first time. In an era when everything is speeding up, the best way for businesses to succeed is to attract smart-creative people and give them an environment where they can thrive at scale. How Google Works explains how to do just that.

Eric Schmidt

Jonathan Rosenberg

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