Emojis are not hieroglyphics.<ul><li>Language has moved from more concrete characters to less concrete versions, allowing humans to communicate abstract concepts. But most signs point to emojis lacking the characteristics of a true language. For example, when given a string of emojis, two people will not always interpret them the same way.</li><li>Emojis cannot be combined in ways that function as a true linguistic system, meaning that, although they are a helpful bunch of symbols, they aren’t a particular, conventionalized system for representing abstract meaning, like English or Japanese or ASL.</li></ul>

Communicative System vs. Hieroglyphics vs. Language

If you adhere to the strictest definition of language, emojis definitely do not make the cut. However, if you define a language as “a system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to each other,” emojis have a chance.Whether or not they can replace English or any other formal language, emojis have evolved into a meaningful communicative system, allowing users worldwide to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas in new visual ways. They represent an interesting and deeply entertaining evolution of language worldwide.

Emojis: An Interesting Evolution of Language

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

communication

Communication

Are Emojis Language?

Not all envy is bad. There is healthy envy (applauding envy) and unhealthy envy (resenting envy.)<ul><li>Resenting envy refers to the tendency to believe that others shouldn’t have something just because we don’t have it. It’s rooted in fear. We may start to believe that for us to be successful, someone else has to fail.</li><li>Applauding envy, helps us understand that our friends’ achievements don’t prevent our own successes. This doesn’t mean we pretend that we aren’t jealous or sad. Rather, it refers to our ability to acknowledge conflicting emotions: We can be sad for ourselves and happy for our friends. </li></ul>

Understand envy

Allow yourself to experience your envy fully, process it, and work through it. Begin by naming your feelings.<ul><li>Envy can be accompanied by embarrassment, disappointment, sadness, anger, or regret — so be as specific as possible. The goal here is to pay attention to your emotions without shame or judgment when they show up. </li><li>Remember that there are no good or bad emotions, and no emotion is permanent. Every emotional experience is an opportunity for you to gather information about your deep-seated needs and desires — and eventually, use that information to guide your actions.</li></ul>

Feel your emotions

Once you acknowledge, label, and validate your emotions, let them guide you to explore the motivations and fears driving them.Think about what these rejections mean to you. While this self-reflection will not be an easy task, working through your feelings and understanding what really matters to you will inform what you do next. For instance, you may find that you feel jealous of your friend’s opportunity to learn new things, maybe more than the fact that they got into a top school. The former is something you have control over.

Reflect on what you really want

career

Career

Ask an Expert: I’m Jealous of My Friends’ Successes. How Do I Cope?

“Whatever happens, happens.”Spike

Go With The Flow

philosophy

Philosophy

movies

Movies & Shows

Hajime Yadate

Cowboy Bebop VI

Cowboy Bebop

Once a monk was traveling towards forest a thief try to steel his belongings & threaten to kill if doesn't so.. monk want to save him from his sinfulness..He told the theif that..sure ill give everything..as you are doing this for your mom, wife & thier happiness, will they take part in your sin too..Ask them until then ill stay here..The thief thought was shattered after asking the same with the family..family is ready to share the happiness that he brought by threatening other's but not to share his sin..He felt lonely, he was broken , he ran to the monk and ask for his forgiveness..

Story Of Thief And Monk

YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOURSELF !!YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR ACTIONS !!!do you really think anyone will take responsibility for what you have done..??

For Whom We Are Fighting 👊🏻

You can employ someone to drive the car for you, make money for you but you cannot have someone to bear the sickness for you.

Steve Jobs Last Words

So don't be broken because of loneliness..you can lift you up if you think you can..If there is creation there is creator..He'll take care of you..

Loneliness Is Not Weakness 

When you feel lonely..spend time with yourself..you can eat only for your hunger..not for others..even others cant eat for your hunger..

mindfulness

Mindfulness

mentalhealth

Mental Health

 Try to know yourself..🤏🏻

This self help guide teaches us that the key to being happier is to stop trying to be positive all the time and instead to become better at handling adversity.FUCK POSITIVITY!Sometimes things are fucked up and we have to accept it.This book will correct your delusional expectations of yourself and the world. Its like a guide to suffering better, more meaningfully with compassion and humility.I recommend it to anybody stuck in the feedback loop from hell, which is the psychological epidemic making many of us overly stressed, overly neurotic and overly self loathing.

A Book About Hope 

Life itself is a form of suffering. The rich suffer because of their riches. The poor suffer because of their poverty.People without a family suffer because they have no family. People with a family suffer because of their family.People who pursue wordly pleasures suffer because of their worldly pleasures.People who abstain from wordly pleasures suffer because of their abstention.

Most of us struggle through life giving way too many fucks in situations where fucks dont deserve to be given.Your going to die some day. In the short time you have here, if you go round giving a fuck about everything and everyone, you are going to get fucked.Learn to prioritise and pick and choose what is fuckworthy to you based on finely honed personal values.Its part of our biology to give a fuck but when you give too many fucks you become entitled to be comfortable and happy all the time, as if everything is supposed to be exactly the fucking way you want. This is a sickness.

The Subtle Art Of Not Giving A Fuck

Honesty is communication with no conditions, no strings attached, no ulterior motive, no sales job, no desperate attempt to be liked.When things suck, you say so openly and without apology.

Being open to your insecurities paradoxically makes you more confident and charismatic around others.

Reserve your fucks for what truly matters.

Suffering is biologically useful as it is natures preferred agent for inspiring change. We are wired to become dissatisfied with whatever we have and satisfied by only what we don't have.Problems will never fucking go away. They just get exchanged and upgraded. Life is an endless series of problems. The solution to one problem is merely the creation of the next one.Negative emotions are a call to action. If you feel crappy, your brain is telling you there is an unresolved problem for you to address.Happiness comes from solving these problems.

Happiness Is A Problem

Without conflict, there can be no trust.Conflict exists to show us who is there for us unconditionally and who is just there for the benefits.

It is the norm in Western cultures to smile and say polite things even when you don't feel like it, to tell white lies and agree with someone you don't actually agree with. People learn to pretend to be friends with people they don't actually like.The downside of this is that you never know if you can completely trust the person you're talking to. There is a pressure in the West to be likable that people often reconfigure their entire personality depending on the person they're dealing with.Honesty is a natural human craving. Part of living honestly is becoming comfortable with the word 'NO'.

The Importance Of Saying No

Decision making based on emotional intuition, without the aid of reason to keep it in line, pretty much always sucks. You know who bases their entire lives on their emotions? Three year old kids.And dogs.You know what else three year olds and dogs do? Shit on the carpet.

If you've got a problem, chances are millions of other people have had it in the past, have it now, and are going to in the future. This doesn't minimise your problem, it just means that you are not special.The first step towards solving your problems is to acknowledge the realisation that your problems are actually not privileged in their severity and pain.When we experience real traumatic shit, we believe we are uniquely special, that we are somehow unlike everyone else, that the rules are different for us.We become entitled.

You Are Not Special

If everyone were extraordinary, then by definition no one would be extraordinary.

The majority of life is unextraordinary, indeed quite average.Having the Internet, social media sites and hundred plus TV channels is amazing. But this flood of extreme information has conditioned us to believe that exceptionalism is the new normal.Technology and mass marketing is screwing up alot of peoples expectations.We end up feeling like losers because a simple Google search shows us thousands of people without the same problems as us. Technology has solved old economic problems by giving us new psychological problems. The Internet has opensourced insecurity, self doubt and shame.

The Tyranny Of Exceptionalism

Values underlie everything we are and do.If what we value is unhelpful, if what we consider success/failure is poorly chosen, then everything based upon those values - the thoughts, emotions and day to day feelings - will be out of whack. Everything we think and feel about a situation ultimately comes back to how valuable we percieve it to be.

Nobody makes it through life without collecting a few scars along the way -<ul><li>Psychiatric disorders</li><li>Struggling with depression or suicidal thoughts</li><li>Having been subjected to abuse or neglect</li><li>Dealt with a tragedy or death of a loved one</li><li>Survived a serious heath issue</li><li>Accidents</li><li>Traumatic situations</li></ul>Nobody else is ever responsible for the situation you are in. Someone else may be to blame for your unhappiness, but nobody is ever responsible for your unhappiness except your self. This is because you always get to choose how you see things, how you react and how you value them.

Genetics And The Hand We're Dealt

And because you and I and everybody else all have differing needs and personal histories and life circumstances, we will all inevitably come to differing correct answers about what our lives mean and how they should be lived.

Todays culture is obsessed with unrealistically positive expectations.<ul><li>Be happier</li><li>Be the best</li><li>Be smarter</li><li>Be richer</li><li>Be sexier</li><li>More powerful</li><li>More productive</li><li>More admired</li></ul>Be perfect and amazing and shit out 12 karat gold nuggets before breakfast while kissing your selfie ready partner before flying off to work in a helicopter to your wonderfully fulfilling job, where u spend the day doing incredibly meaningful work that will save the planet.Conventional life advice hightlights your percieved shortcomings and failures, resulting in you feeling like a failure as though you aren't successful enough.

Dont Try

The more something threatens your identity, the more you will avoid it.

When any result is regarded as progress and important, we propel ourselves ahead. We feel free to fail and that failure moves us forward.The do something principle helps us to overcome procrastination. That something can be the smallest viable action toward something else. It can be anything.Just do something. Start simple. Thats all thats necessary to get the snowball rolling, the action needed to inspire the motivation to keep going.

Failure Is The Way Forward

Ultimately, the only way to achieve meaning and a sense of importance in ones life is through a rejection of alternatives, a narrowing of freedom, a choice of commitment to one place, one belief or (gulp) one person.

People in a healthy relationship have strong boundaries and take responsibility for their own values and problems.People in a toxic relationship with poor or no boundaries will regularly avoid responsibility for their own problems and take responsibility for their partners problems.Entitled people expect others to take responsibility for their problems.'I want a nice relaxing break. You should have known and canceled your plans'.This is avoiding accepting responsibility for their own problems, resulting in fragile fake relationships.

Boundries

The victim creates more and more problems to solve - not because additional real problems exist, but because it gets her attention and affection she craves.The saver solves and solves - not because she actually cares about the problems, but because she believes she must fix others' problems in order to deserve attention and affection for herself. In both cases, the intentions are selfish and conditional and therefore self-sabotaging, and genuine love is rarely experienced.

You stand in front of the mirror repeating affirmations saying that you're beautiful because you feel as though you're not beautiful already.

No truly happy person feels the need to stand in front of the mirror and recite that she's happy. She just is.

Death is the only thing we can know with any certainty.

In life we have a limited amount of fucks to give. Time ticks away. So choose your fucks wisely. A book worth gifting, to your self, and to those around you.

#1 New York Times Bestseller Over 1 million copies sold In this generation-defining self-help guide, a superstar blogger cuts through the crap to show us how to stop trying to be "positive" all the time so that we can truly become better, happier people. For decades, we’ve been told that positive thinking is the key to a happy, rich life. "F**k positivity," Mark Manson says. "Let’s be honest, shit is f**ked and we have to live with it." In his wildly popular Internet blog, Manson doesn’t sugarcoat or equivocate. He tells it like it is—a dose of raw, refreshing, honest truth that is sorely lacking today. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is his antidote to the coddling, let’s-all-feel-good mindset that has infected American society and spoiled a generation, rewarding them with gold medals just for showing up. Manson makes the argument, backed both by academic research and well-timed poop jokes, that improving our lives hinges not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade, but on learning to stomach lemons better. Human beings are flawed and limited—"not everybody can be extraordinary, there are winners and losers in society, and some of it is not fair or your fault." Manson advises us to get to know our limitations and accept them. Once we embrace our fears, faults, and uncertainties, once we stop running and avoiding and start confronting painful truths, we can begin to find the courage, perseverance, honesty, responsibility, curiosity, and forgiveness we seek. There are only so many things we can give a f**k about so we need to figure out which ones really matter, Manson makes clear. While money is nice, caring about what you do with your life is better, because true wealth is about experience. A much-needed grab-you-by-the-shoulders-and-look-you-in-the-eye moment of real-talk, filled with entertaining stories and profane, ruthless humor, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is a refreshing slap for a generation to help them lead contented, grounded lives.

problemsolving

Problem Solving

#1 New York Times BestsellerOver 10 million copies soldIn this generation-defining self-help guide, a superstar blogger cuts through the crap to show us how to stop trying to be "positive" all the time so that we can truly become better, happier people.For decades, we’ve been told that positive thinking is the key to a happy, rich life. "F**k positivity," Mark Manson says. "Let’s be honest, shit is f**ked and we have to live with it." In his wildly popular Internet blog, Manson doesn’t sugarcoat or equivocate. He tells it like it is—a dose of raw, refreshing, honest truth that is sorely lacking today. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is his antidote to the coddling, let’s-all-feel-good mindset that has infected American society and spoiled a generation, rewarding them with gold medals just for showing up.Manson makes the argument, backed both by academic research and well-timed poop jokes, that improving our lives hinges not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade, but on learning to stomach lemons better. Human beings are flawed and limited—"not everybody can be extraordinary, there are winners and losers in society, and some of it is not fair or your fault." Manson advises us to get to know our limitations and accept them. Once we embrace our fears, faults, and uncertainties, once we stop running and avoiding and start confronting painful truths, we can begin to find the courage, perseverance, honesty, responsibility, curiosity, and forgiveness we seek.There are only so many things we can give a f**k about so we need to figure out which ones really matter, Manson makes clear. While money is nice, caring about what you do with your life is better, because true wealth is about experience. A much-needed grab-you-by-the-shoulders-and-look-you-in-the-eye moment of real-talk, filled with entertaining stories and profane, ruthless humor, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is a refreshing slap for a generation to help them lead contented, grounded lives.

Mark Manson (born 1984) is a professional blogger, entrepreneur, and former dating coach. Since 2007, he's been helping people with their emotional and relationship problems. He has worked with thousands of people from over 30 different countries. He regularly writes and updates his blog at: www.markmanson.net

Mark Manson

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

Потребность - необходимостьМотив - опредмеченное потребностьЦель - путь достижения мотива Улучшение EQ, да и в принципе всего начинается с себя. Сейчас хочу заострить внимание именно на EQ.Для начала начните записывать свой эмоции и причину их появлении. Поймете свой спектр эмоции, сможете лучше объяснять своё эмоциональное состояние. Улучшить понимания можно также с помощью подходящих литератур. Желательно проделывать этот эксперимент месяц, а лучше год. Так оно войдет в привычку и автоматически будет происходить анализ эмоционального состояния.

RU #1

После эксперимента, пробуйте вызвать у себя различные эмоции. Не имею виду стоять столбом и пробывать их вызвать. С помощью определенных действии надо достигать этого.

RU #2

Requirement - need, what is needed in the near futureMotive - objectified needGoal - the way to achieve the motive Improving EQ, and in principle everything starts with yourself. Now I want to focus on EQ.To get started, start writing down your emotions and the reason for them. Understand your range of emotions, you can better explain your emotional state. Understanding can also be improved with the help of suitable literature. It is advisable to do this experiment for a month, and preferably a year. So it will become a habit and an analysis of the emotional state will automatically occur.

EN #1

After the experiment, try to evoke different emotions in yourself. I do not mean to stand like a pillar and try to call them. With the help of certain actions it is necessary to achieve this.

EN #2

Way to understand your emotions. Improve selfcontrol. Understanding peoples.

EQ, Goals, Emotions

One of the feelings of the age is a kind of anxiety or unease about things.One reason is that we’re on our phones all the time, we’re consuming more information than ever. Technology has enabled us to do everything on demand. We never get downtime between moments.We're exhausted because of social media and keeping up with the Joneses. In short, we have sort of merged with our phones.

Hooked on technology

A transformation has taken place that is not well documented. We can’t figure out why we can’t read a book. We can’t consume long-form complex ideas. During the Lincoln Douglas debates, Lincoln talked for three hours, Douglas for three hours, then after a break, everyone returned for another three hours. Now democratic debates are one hour and 20 minutes in total, and there are eight candidates. Yet, when we consume long-form stuff such as hours of television, we consume entertainment that doesn’t require us to engage deeply and robustly with it.

Technology is diminishing our capabilities

Previously, media houses were the only trusted sources. Now, almost anyone can create podcasts, books or YouTube videos.  Traditional media institutions are becoming empty shells. Their only value is in their brand's reputation, but their content is decreasing. They seem to only talk to each other and themselves. Focusing on themselves could lead to being irrelevant and wrong or misleading. Yet they still have a measure of coherence that the wild west lacks. On the one side, we have the interesting stuff that is incoherent; on the other, we have stuff that is coherent but meaningless.

The media landscape is shifting

We may watch stuff that doesn’t make sense and leave us fixed in a sort of hypnagogic state. We pay attention to the traditional media houses, but we completely miss important things because they are filtered out by whatever the dominant media narrative is.  We pay attention to the media narrative because our mind is looking for symbols to inform us what is the important narrative. Or that has been vetted. We’re unreachable by real art. The art created now that matters, that is appropriate to this time, and would genuinely pierce the cultural consciousness is mostly unseen.

Why we're fixated on the unimportant and miss the crucial things

People these days try to find meaning in things like polyamorous relationships, travelling, or being an influencer. We emptied our life of real meaning, then tried to replace it with nothing. We tear down marriage and replace it with nothing. We tear down the office, community, the small town square, and replace them with nothing.  If you want to have a meaningful life, get married, have kids, live within your means, find work that you find purposeful and fulfilling, participate in your community.

If you want a meaningful life, start a family

The baby boomers caught a wave that made it easy to prosper. But in their selfishness, they are more concerned about themselves than their children.  They hoard stuff they are not willing to give up. They think everybody will find their bliss and make their own way, just like they did, but they don’t know how expensive college had become relative to themselves or home prices than when they were young. Millennials experienced 9/11, the Iraq war, the 2008 financial crisis, huge student debt, and more. “A society grows great when old men plant trees in whose shade they know they shall never sit.”

The disconnect between the Boomers and the Millennials

Informed in an interesting fashion by his relationship to stoicism, Ryan shares that he cares deeply about the future, but always in a thoughtful and measured way. In this podcast, he shares what is really driving our current moment across many areas.

Ryan Holiday is a master manipulator with a cool head, and keen eye for social observation and a big heart. Eric sits down with the Author of "Conspiracy" and tries to get a self-confessed former manipulator and one of the top emerging millennial social analysts to tell us how he unweaves society's artifices to see what is really driving our current moment across many areas.   Ryan is a unique voice who uses stoicism to remain intellectually detached but without seemingly succuming to emotional or moral disinterest in the issues of our day. With a background in marketing and media. he has gone beyond mere vice signaling to try to help people see how open they are to having their own media and digital habits weaponized against them. In some ways, one could say that he has migrated from grey-hat mind hacker to a white hat analyst and conversationalist helping us to better understand ourselves using ancient wisdom in a modern moment.    This interview was recorded slightly before the quarantining and so is interesting to think of in light of what is about to happen.      Thank You to Our Sponsors:  Four Sigmatic: foursigmatic.com/portal  Personna: Amazing.com/personna and use the code RAZORS25   Blinkist: Blinkist.com/portal  Theragun: theragun.com/portal  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

podcasts

Podcasts

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

Ryan Holiday is a master manipulator with a cool head, and keen eye for social observation and a big heart. Eric sits down with the Author of "Conspiracy" and tries to get a self-confessed former manipulator and one of the top emerging millennial social analysts to tell us how he unweaves society's artifices to see what is really driving our current moment across many areas. Ryan is a unique voice who uses stoicism to remain intellectually detached but without seemingly succuming to emotional or moral disinterest in the issues of our day. With a background in marketing and media. he has gone beyond mere vice signaling to try to help people see how open they are to having their own media and digital habits weaponized against them. In some ways, one could say that he has migrated from grey-hat mind hacker to a white hat analyst and conversationalist helping us to better understand ourselves using ancient wisdom in a modern moment.  This interview was recorded slightly before the quarantining and so is interesting to think of in light of what is about to happen. Thank You to Our Sponsors:Four Sigmatic: foursigmatic.com/portalPersonna: Amazing.com/personna and use the code RAZORS25 Blinkist: Blinkist.com/portalTheragun: theragun.com/portalSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Portal is an exploration into discovery, including conversations with thought leaders. Host Eric Weinstein, Managing Director of Thiel Capital, brings his unique expertise and diverse roster of guests for a wide range of discussions, including science, culture, business, and capitalism. The show will feature people whose lives demonstrate that portals into what we would normally consider impossible, are indeed possible.  Guests include presidential candidate Andrew Yang, NY Times bestselling author Sam Harris, and retired Navy Seal and creator of the hit business podcast Jocko Willink.

The Portal

31: Ryan Holiday - Conspiracy, Manipulation & other Pastimes

Habits are essential because they decide our character and it becomes very essential to build a strong character for a successful life. In order to be the best version of yourself, one needs to give his 100% in his work but it's not easy as we think giving out your best in the extreme is tough but with these habits you can make it more easier.

Top 3 Habits To Increase Your Standards Of Thinking 

Attitude matters a lot, the way you walk, the way you talk, the way you stand matters a lot, most importantly the way you think matters a lot.  Attitude is something that can make you a successful person and a champion with no competitors, so it becomes important to have an attitude like a winner.

Strong Attitude Makes You Successful 

This is an important thing that you must know, success requires high efforts and these efforts can't be achieved while working from a 9-5 job that requires high and intense hard work. One must be capable of working hard and intensely even one should resist himself towards problems. He must be capable of doing hard work and to fight with those struggles. If you anyhow build that habit of being resist towards your goals until you get success then nobody can even defeat you.

Resistivity for your goals

Success is the result of sacrifices and the late night struggle that we all have and to be honest you have to acquire that rule. Acquire it for a successful lifestyle for a better life. Work like you will die up tomorrow, work so intensely that success automatically chooses you. Believe in yourself, work like hell get disappear from this society and come up with a revolution. That can change this whole world.  Be the man of fire, be the man of change, be the revolutionary person.

Work like you will die up tomorrow

Top 3 habits to increase your standards of thinking, these habits will make you close to your success and can help you in achieving your goals with 10x speed.

Being inspired is a very tough task . But not the impossible one , introducing you the best and evergreen blog that will make you inspired everyday .we will provide you the quality of content just for free

motivationandinspiration

Motivation & Inspiration

habits

Habits

Top 3 habits to increase your standards 

After two years of remote work, it can feel challenging to go back in-person to a world that more closely resembles life pre-Covid. This may bring feelings of relief, excitement, and hope for some people, but public re-engagement may cause anxiety and dread for many introverts. While introverts do enjoy being around people, they generate energy from time alone, as they find themselves drained by being around many people, meetings, and noisy gatherings.

Introverts may dread returning to the office

<ul><li>Practice self-care. Introverts need to spend time on activities they find regenerating.</li><li>Ask for what you need. Introverts need to let their managers and coworkers know what they need to function well in an office setting, whether a hybrid work schedule or a quieter workspace.</li><li>Reach out to others for support. Research found that 50.7% of employees are introverted, and 49.3% are extroverted. This means that half the people you work with understands what you are going through.</li><li>Gradually expose yourself to new situations, such as going in one or two days per week.</li></ul>

How to prepare

After two years of working remotely, going back to in-person work can be rough. Here’s how to ease the transition.


How introverts can prepare emotionally for offices reopening

Projection bias is a cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the degree to which their future attributes (e.g., tastes and beliefs) will resemble their current ones. Essentially, this bias leads people to engage in flawed self-forecasting, by projecting their current attributes onto their future selves, and thus underestimating how much their attributes will likely change over time.Projection bias can strongly influence people’s thoughts, statements, and actions in various domains, so it’s important to understand it.

Projection Bias

An example of the projection bias is that a person who is grocery shopping while hungry will likely buy more food than they really need, because they assume that they will keep being as hungry in the future, even after they’ve eaten.

The Hungry Shopper

<ul><li>It can cause people who are making summer vacation plans during the winter to pick overly warm destinations, because they overestimate how much they will want to be somewhere warm during the summer, due to the current winter conditions.</li><li>It can cause diners to order too much food at the beginning of their meal, because they overestimate how hungry they will be as the meal progresses, due to their current hunger.</li><li>It can cause people to start engaging in an addictive habit, such as smoking cigarettes, because they underestimate how addictive it will be, due to their current lack of addiction.</li></ul>

How Projection Bias Influences Our Behaviour

Some entities may also take advantage of people’s projection bias intentionally, as in the case of companies that do so to influence people’s shopping patterns.Example: Companies may encourage overconsumption by encouraging people to purchase large quantities of a certain product in advance (like the food at an all-you-can-eat buffet) before those people realize that they don’t need so much of the product or don’t value the product as much as they initially thought.

How Entities Can Take Undue Advantage Of Projection Bias In People

The projection bias means that even though people generally understand the direction in which their attributes will change over time, they systematically underestimate the magnitude of this change, so their prediction lies between their current attributes and their actual future attributes.
This happens because people give too much weight to the anchor of their current attributes, and fail to properly take into account factors that could cause their attributes to change, such as maturation, social influence, change in circumstances, adaptation to changes, and general mood fluctuations.

The Psychology and Causes of Projection Bias

Factors that change people’s attributes over time can be categorized based on whether they are:<ul><li>Personal (or dispositional), as in the case of maturation or general mood fluctuation.</li><li>Environmental (or situational), as in the case of influence from peers or influence from a certain physical location.</li></ul>These factors can also be categorized based on whether they are short-term or long-term, based on the period of time over which they influence a person.For example, social influence from a salesperson is likely to be short-term, whereas social influence from a parent is likely to be long-term.

Factors That Influence Attributes

People often fail to learn from past mispredictions of their future attributions, and therefore continue to repeatedly display the same type of projection bias over time. This can happen due to various reasons, such as:
<ul>
<li>A person’s desire to feel that they understand themself well can lead them to engage in self-enhancement, by forgetting or misremembering their past mispredictions.</li>
<li>A person’s focus on confirming their current predictions, rather than on assessing them properly, which can lead them to ignore evidence that contradicts those predictions.</li>
</ul>

Failure to Learn from Mispredictions

<ul><li>Understand what this bias is and what causes it.</li><li>Understand when and how this bias can affect people in general.</li><li>Be aware of common projection traps, such as underestimating the influence of visceral factors, overestimating the likelihood of following up on future plans, and oversensitivity to your current state when making long-term decisions.</li><li>Identify specific situations where this bias can play a key role, and plan how you will deal with it.</li><li>Use general debiasing techniques, such as slowing down your reasoning process and making it explicit.</li></ul>

How to Deal With Projection Bias

The projection bias is attributed to a 2003 paper titled “Projection bias in predicting future utility”, by researchers George Loewenstein, Ted O’Donoghue, and Matthew Rabin (published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 118, Issue 4, pages 1209–1248).
The associated study was also published as a working paper in <a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.239901">2000</a>, and mentioned in <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20210303030428/https:/www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/risky-behavior-among-youths-economic-analysis/risky-behavior-among-youths-some-issues-behavioral-economics">other publications</a> around that time period. Furthermore, evidence of this phenomenon has also been presented in other papers published <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.66">around that time</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.66">earlier</a>.

The Origin And History Of Projection Bias

Projection Bias is sometimes used to refer to people's tendency to project their beliefs, values, characteristics, and behaviours unto others, and to consequently overestimate the degree to which these things are shared with others, a phenomenon that’s sometimes referred to as social projection or the false-consensus effect.The type of projection bias that is outlined in this article can be considered a specific case of this, where people project current attributes onto their future selves.

Other Types Of Projection Bias

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