The Concept of Infinity in the Continuum Hypothesis This is not as commonly known, infinite value. But countless in different contexts. However, the sequence of numbers of any type is always infinite, in the sense it's unreachable. There are two infinite series of numbers, that's what it means.

New Concept of Infinity

Surprisingly George Cantor claims there is an infinite-2 which is greater than infinity-1. Isn’t infinity enough innumerable? Then how can there be two kinds of infinite, where one "infinity" is greater than the second "infinity". Yet intuitively, the infinite is pretty much weird. Then how many kinds of infinite are more than the previous infinity? This is where the understanding of the continuum hypothesis begins ____

Two Infinites

A series of numbers is always uncountable, so how can there be a series of numbers that is more uncountable than the one that was previously uncountable?How to measure one thing than the other when both are equal? Thus the method was found which became the root of this problem. Some have objected to this.It’s not that they’ve been cheated, but they deceived themselves, then made this a trick for the next generation.

Illusion In Math

What is the method for measuring that something that is innumerable can challenge another that is also innumerable? I will give an example before going into the formal method, so that we can see the weird of the continuum hypothesis in this case. It’s like between hot water & ice water, then asked, <ul><li>... "which is more characteristic of water, hot water or ice water?" </li> </ul>

The Method - Parable

How can, according to George Cantor’s version, formally determine that there is an infinite series of numbers that is more infinite than another infinite? Simply by making a relationship (connecting in) between each member of the two sets. So, if the members of the two sets can be connected one to one (bijective), then it means that they are the same amount of number, both have the same amount of infinite. Put simply: there is an infinity that is shorter than another infinity. You see, this reasoning is much more absurd, but forcing it, as this is a mathematical structure.

The Formal Method

It’s like when we button a shirt, so if all buttons are buttoned, it is assumed that the left and right sides are the same length.But when the buttons don’t fit properly, so you can see that there is a longer side of the shirt. But actually THE LEFT SIDE & RIGHT SIDE IS TOTALLY THE SAME LENGTH!!! That’s it

An Illustration

1 <---> 1❌<---> 1.52 <---> 2❌<---> 2.53 <---> 3❌ <---> 3.54 <---> 4❌ <---> 4.55 <---> 5Similar to the illustration of buttoning a shirt, only the difference is that the length is the same between the left and right sides, but on the left side of the shirt, the buttonhole is a less than as it should be compared to the right side of the shirt with greater amount of buttons. So there are buttons that don’t fit in the holes (because there are fewer buttonholes) …

1 <---> 1❌<---> 1.52 <---> 2❌<---> 2.53 <---> 3❌ <---> 3.54 <---> 4❌ <---> 4.55 <---> 5They thought there were points that couldn’t be connected (marked by a red cross) one to one (bijective) from left to right (from the member of the set of integer numbers to the set of real numbers.But they forgot that what was (red) crossed was actually a location, an existence, not nothingness. So this confirms axiomatically that from the left side and from the right side, they can always be connected one by one.

First Analysis

When you point to the number one, you are actually pointing to something that exists. The question is "how wide is the “number 1" you’re pointing at?" <ul><li>... Of course the number 1 is the area of ​​0 to 0.999999999999999 ... </li><li>...Similarly the number 2 is area from 0 to 1.999999999999999 ... </li> </ul>It can be seen here that even from the left side there are connecting points as decimal numbers to the set of real numbers on the right. So?

Second Analysis

So that between the members of the set of integers and the members of the set of real numbers (involving decimals), it can always be paired (connected) one to one (bijective) for all members of the two set of different types of numbers.This also has confirmed that from the left side to the right side there is an equality of numbers, that the two sets are sets with the same possible number of UNCOUNTABLE numbers.Yes, that "Continuum Hypothesis" is FALSE.That there is no "countless" greater than another “countless”.

Problem Solved

Actually, whether we are trying to do cantor’s diagonal, or multiplying power set of aleph-null, but it’s actually we are doing on the same numbers as whole numbers, as one infinity.Although you can create multiple infinities, still we are doing on the same range.<ul><li>It’s just that our point of view seeing all of those as different areas, illusion of separation, since we are dealing with multiple cardinality. but in essence?</li></ul>

What About George Cantor's Diagonal?

Those all sets are just one set of infinite number, and we did arranging those numbers into different set of point of view, so we thought we were dealing with something different increasingly at different stage of infniity.It’s just a set. Only they did interchange in between numbers, so it looks like they did two or more moment, but actually just one moment interchangeably.

The Same Area

Continuum hypothesis is failed, because of these reasons:If we can do multiple calc on different areas of infinity and that looks like we are doing things differently, or we're dealing with different infinity, but actually we're doing at the same area, the same numbes were used interchangeably.These axioms tackle this issue ...<ul><li>🧩 If the two things overlap each other perfectly, then they are really just one thing (venn diagram)</li><li>​​​​​​🧩 Two infinites overlap each other perfectly, then it's just one thing</li></ul>We're playing at the same area & there is no bigger infinity, it's just one infnity

Venn Diagram

<a href="https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/9746/what-are-the-useful-outcomes-of-denying-the-continuum-hypothesis">What are the useful outcomes of denying the Continuum Hypothesis?</a>This opens new perspective of how we think on math._____How do the integers and even integers perfectly overlap? – J Kusin yesterdayWhen infinite, that means the farthest length of integers just the same the farthest lenght of any kind of numbers. do you think the farthest of the first infinity lower than another kind of inifinity. try not making comparison the other way around, just focus on the farthest of infinity and make comparison on those field – Seremonia 22 hours ago  Delete

Discussion @StackExchange

Don't make quick conclusion on this case. you can prolong your question in this issue, so that we can synchronise understanding better on this issue – Seremonia 22 hours ago   DeleteConsider you are holding aleph-null with full of infinities from any fields. the question is does aleph-null bigger than all infinites? no, since aleph-null is just a label. you're holding on infinites, not on aleph-null – Seremonia 22 hours ago   Delete

I’m focusing on “overlap”. Cantors diagonal numbers don’t overlap with the ones on the list either. Even and don’t overlap odd either. Since we can order {0,1,3..} and {0,1,2,3,4…} by the time we get to 2 in the second list, we know we will never find it in the first. Both are infinite yet different. Can you agree to that? – J Kusin 22 hours ago Let's do thought experiment. consider there is huge room. do you thing only one of both kind of number can fill the entire space? no. both (integers & real numbers) can fill the entire space in a single room. – Seremonia 22 hours ago   Delete

Okay i will try following you – Seremonia 22 hours ago   DeleteAny cantor's diagonal trial, actually can be connected bijective, simply by understanding that both numbers can be divided. are we on the same page on this?. make a detail question. we try to slice this sharply to zoom the issue. but we have to relate this with reality, so we can make sense of this case – Seremonia 22 hours ago   DeleteRemember that any time we talk about numbers, then we talked about things (not just numbers) – Seremonia 22 hours ago   Delete

When someone said about "infinity" don't be tricked by the cardinality, but try seeing on infinity itself as it's expanding to the entire possible space – Seremonia 22 hours ago   DeleteWe don’t know how math relates to the physical. I can write down 50^80 yet what is the physical meaning. We won’t come to terms here. I can see we differ at this step. –J Kusin 22 hours ago

You have to relate math on reality. if you reject this, try with small step. consider a number must be related to a thing, otherwise we're dealing with nonsense. although someday someone accept math explaining other dimention, or relativity, still it has to do with things. there is nothing simple than this – Seremonia 22 hours ago    Delete

A single finite number may be related to a banana. two finite numbers may be related to two bananas. more & more numbers may be related to more and more bananas, rocks, books, atom, and so forth. more & more infinites number then, must be related to all of possible things that fill the entire possible space. this is the consequence of following the logic behind math – Seremonia 22 hours ago   Delete

There is nothing weird about this kind of thinking. it's all make sense, and that's the way we must analysis math – Seremonia 22 hours ago    DeleteMath is part of reality I’m not arguing that. I’m saying we don’t know how. The fictionalist and pure formalist do not claim how it relates just that it is effective. You are a physicalist about math. Not everyone is. – J Kusin 22 hours ago50^80 may be related to huge things as much as 50^80. but thanks anyway for your appreciation to my perspective rather than just downvoting. thumbs up – Seremonia 22 hours ago   Delete

Yes but the argument is what if there are not 50^80 things. Anyway I’m not saying you couldn’t be right. No camp seems completely satisfactory – J Kusin 22 hours agoIf there are no 50^80 or there is no "krohntirtoir" but the 50^80 is much more make sense to be related to "possibility", while "inn@&@?!" much more harder to think of the possibility – Seremonia 21 hours ago   DeleteAlthough i agree with you that there could be math field can't be translated into physical understanding, but at least we can try on this issue, one step at a time – Seremonia 21 hours ago   Delete

Beware of Illusion in Math | Denial of CH Determines that We are not Living On Discrete World

Isn’t infinity enough innumerable? Then how can there be two kinds of infinite, where one "infinity" is greater than the second "infinity". In simple language ... there are the highest that are still…

philosophy

Philosophy

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

Continuum Hypothesis

The scientific community cannot practise science without some set of accepted beliefs that form the foundation on how to practice science.  Normal science, the everyday work of scientists, is set on the assumption that the scientific community knows what the world is like. Its success comes from the community’s willingness to defend that assumption. But when it can no longer escape anomalies that overturn the tradition of scientific practice, then a scientific revolution will at last lead to a new set of commitments.

Scientific revolutions in a nutshell

Scientific revolutions happen in a specific pattern:<ul><li>Normal science: Adding to existing knowledge through experiments and study.</li><li>Puzzle-solving: Finding and fixing discrepancies in science.</li><li>Paradigm: The perfect example of an idea which can be expanded into the framework.</li><li>Anomaly: Finding a discrepancy between the current paradigm and experimental results.</li><li>Crisis: The discrepancy can’t be resolved. Some scientists dismiss it, while others try to show the current paradigm is wrong.</li><li>Revolution: The old paradigm is overthrown by new information, and eventually, a new one takes its place.</li></ul>

The pattern of a scientific revolution

Many people think that science progresses in a linear fashion, from ignorance to knowledge. If that were true, old ideas would never need to be overturned, only built upon.

Scientific progress is not linear

Normal science means the study based on the previous scientific knowledge that is learned through textbooks and formal education. These textbooks:<ul><li>Outline the main questions of a field and </li><li>Give methods to answer them. </li></ul> Scientists are happy to refer to past achievements without assuming they are necessarily correct. Therefore, science should be kept objective and open-ended.

The route of normal science 

Paradigms are at the heart of normal science. A paradigm is a collection of interconnected beliefs we use to understand the world. But it is a limited process.  Scientific discoveries become paradigms when they are remarkable enough to attract a loyal following but still leave questions and unsolved problems for followers.

Paradigms and discoveries

Because there is a paradigm doesn’t mean there is a set of rules that accompany it. Historians can generally find the paradigms of a given community, but finding the specific rules that the community followed is more difficult because:<ul><li>Scientists may follow the same paradigm yet disagree on how to interpret it. </li><li>Scientists have experience and knowledge they don’t communicate clearly or don’t realise others lack.</li></ul>

The priority of paradigm

One of the major functions of normal science is to solve anomalies. However, scientists often assure themselves there is a solution within the paradigm, and it must just be found. But this isn’t always the case.  Crises are a necessary precondition for the emergence of novel theories. Sometimes we have to discard scientific ideas that we find comfortable because the problems they tried to fix did not work.

Anomalies and crises

A paradigm will become messy as people try to expand their existing views outward into new, creative directions.  A crisis can end if:<ul><li>It is resolved within the existing and accepted paradigm.</li><li>The problem is categorically explained but without the technology necessary to test the ideas fully. The community postpone their inquires to the future when technology has progressed.</li><li>A new proponent arises that changes the paradigm. Competing views are fought out.</li></ul>

The response to crises

Almost every field has certain established beliefs and paradigms. It means that nearly anything could be subject to a crisis. When a paradigm changes, almost the entire world changes with them. Scientists ask different questions, follow different rules and use different terms. Scientific revolutions only go one way and are irreversible. A scientist who now views the world through a Copernican paradigm can’t go back to Ptolemy.

Paradigm shifts change the world

Normal science is commonly held conclusions. When scientific revolutions occur, they can be invisible and hard to detect, but they are of crucial importance.  A person will only change their mind about a scientifically held belief from an old paradigm through repeated testing.

The nature of scientific revolutions

This book singlehandedly changed the way most people think about the philosophy behind science and how transformation happens.

A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach. With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age. This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.

books

Books

“One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK). First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science). This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.

Thomas S. Kuhn

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Although studies have found that both men and women with “attractive voices” are thought to be “warmer, more likable, honest, dominant, and <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00996223">more likely to achieve</a>” — and they also have more sexual partners and may be more likely to <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109051380400042X">engage in infidelity</a> — the qualities that make a voice attractive are slightly less clear.

A Great Voice In Men and Women

For men, an attractive voice is fairly straightforward: a lower one is good, as it indicates size, strength, and reproductive prowess (<a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/01/120105-deep-voices-sperm-masculine-men-women-science-health-evolution/">or does it</a>?), while hints of <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-women-like-deep-voices-and-men-prefer-high-ones-41492244/">breathiness</a> also seem to be preferable. But for women, it seems to be more complicated. Higher voices signal reproductive fitness, femininity, and smaller body size, and while it stands to reason that women would try to accentuate these qualities by speaking in correspondingly high voices — and some studies confirm this — other studies find that women tend to speak in lower voices around men they’re trying to attract.

The Paradox Of The Voice

<ul><li>There “appears to be a common stereotype in our culture that deems a sexy female voice as one that sounds husky, breathy, and lower-pitched.</li><li>Voice manipulation may be a learned behavior based on sexual voice stereotypes rather than actual vocal characteristics of attractiveness. </li><li>Perhaps when a woman naturally lowers her voice, it may be perceived as her attempt to sound more seductive or attractive, and therefore serves as a signal of her romantic interest.</li></ul>

Why Women Lower Their Voice

Men preferred the women with the lower-pitched voices. The researchers don’t quite know why, although they speculate that it could be in response to a woman signalling sexual interest and intimacy to a man, via our society’s current socially accepted methods. Or it could be in response to a woman communicating social dominance or a confident and mature persona, as people with low-pitched voices are often attributed traits such as competence, trustworthiness and leadership.

What Men Want

What makes a voice attractive? Research over the years has shown that while women prefer men with lower voices, and men sometimes prefer women with higher voices, men also generally prefer women who speak with lower voices. Why? 

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

loveandrelationships

Love & Relationships

Is My Voice Attractive?

Control your mind = control your impulses.If you are also facing mind control problems then here are some fast-tips to save your day.

Will Power

To exert self control, you need to find your motivation when it matters. It can be anything like playing 2 hour game after 5 hour study.

Find Your Motivation

People who have better control of their attention, emotions and actions are better off almost any way you look at it. Their relationships are more satisfying and last longer. They make more money and go further in their career.

Better Self , Better Life

The prefrontal cortex controls your decision of control. It's your prefrontal cortex that tells you to eat salad instead of fast food. And I think that controlling your mind through your brain is the best way.

If You Can't Control Mind, Control Brain Then

Meditation. Meditation. Meditation.The ultimate weapon against wandering and wild mind. Learn to meditate.The easy method is to close your eyes and focus on your breathe. Inhale and exhale.

Meditate

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

mindfulness

Mindfulness

Develop Willpower

The San hunter-gatherers of Namibia have no electric lights or new Netflix releases that keep them awake. Yet, they don't sleep more than the typical Western city-dweller who stays up doom-scrolling on their smartphone. <ul><li>Research shows that people in non-industrial societies average less than seven hours a night.</li><li>Chimps sleep around 9.5 hours out of 24. Three-striped night monkeys sleep for 17 hours a day. </li></ul> The various ways that human sleep is unusual. We spend fewer hours asleep than our nearest relatives, and more of our night sleep is spent in the rapid eye movement or REM phase.

Humans need less sleep

To learn about how ancient humans slept, anthropologists study contemporary non-industrial societies, such as the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and various groups in Madagascar, Guatemala, and elsewhere. Sleep across all three groups averages around 5.7 - 7.1 hours, which is much less than primates. Evolutionary anthropologist David Samson thinks the evolution of human sleep is a story about safety in numbers when humans began sleeping on the ground and napping often.

The human sleep paradox is the result of our evolutionary history

The threat of predators may have led humans to sleep less than tree-living primates. Yet, scientists point out that existing data about sleep in primates come from captive animals, who may sleep more because the animals are bored. Having data from more wild animals would help sleep researchers although it is more challenging to do. If scientists had a clearer picture of primate sleep in the wild, it might turn out that human sleep isn’t as exceptionally short as it seems.

Human sleep isn't exceptionally short

How much we sleep is different from how much we wish we slept. Research from 2017 shows that out of 37 people, 35 said they slept just enough. On average, they slept about 6.25 hours a night. But they awoke frequently and needed more than 9 hours in bed to get those 6.25 hours. By contrast, a 2016 study of nearly 500 people found they spend almost all of their time in bed asleep and got about 7 hours of sleep, yet 87 percent in a 2020 survey said they didn't feel rested at least one day per week. A better understanding of how human sleep evolved could help people rest better.

Unsatisfied sleepers

Ancient humans may have evolved to slumber efficiently &#8212; and in a crowd

health

Health

Why people sleep less than their primate relatives

We know that time flows from the past to the future. We remember the past and make predictions about the future. You stir cream in your coffee, and it mixes in. It doesn't un-mix. The classical understanding of the nature of time is that time is absolute - that time ticks by the seconds, minutes, hours, and years at the same rate for everyone. The directionality of time comes from the idea in classical physics called the 'second law of thermodynamics', which states that a quantity called 'entropy' (which is a measure of the disorder of a system) always increases.

We see time as absolute

Because of the equations of special relativity and the nature of the speed of light, Einstein was forced to let go of the Newtonian idea of absolute time.  Einstein taught that time and space are connected. Space and time are relative. It ticks at different rates for different people, depending on your frame of reference. It's malleable and stretchable. But Einstein takes it further with his 'general theory of relativity' and says what Newton taught about the invisible force of gravity pulling objects together is really about the shape of space-time.

Einstein's view of time

Clocks tick at different rates depending on where they are in Earth's gravitational field. From Einstein's perspective, time is integral to reality itself.  Looking at the way the equations of quantum mechanics evolve in time, you could run the tape forwards or backwards without knowing the difference.  Time is a parameter in the quantum world. It is just a number.  But quantum systems are not isolated, they are always interacting with their surroundings, which gives a direction to time.

Gravity affects time

This interview is an episode from The Well, our new publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the John Templeton Foundation. Subscribe to The Well on YouTube ► https://bit.ly/thewell-youtube Watch Jim Al-Khalili 's next interview ► What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? https://youtu.be/gElOu6WzgiU Is our experience of time different from how time actually works? Jim Al-Khalili, theoretical physicist and author of The Joy of Science, offers a lesson on the science of time — from Newton to Einstein to quantum thermodynamics. Going beyond the classical “common sense” view of time as absolute, Al-Khalili explains how Einstein changed everything when he taught us that time is relative and time and space are connected. “Time," says Al-Khalili. “ticks by at different rates for different people depending on your frame of reference, and it’s malleable and it’s stretchable.” Read the video transcript ► https://bigthink.com/the-well/the-science-of-time/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About Jim Al-Khalili: Jim is a multiple award-winning science communicator renowned for his public engagement around the world through writing and broadcasting and a leading academic making fundamental contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in nuclear reaction theory, quantum effects in biology, open quantum systems and the foundations of quantum mechanics. Jim is a theoretical physicist at the University of Surrey where he holds a Distinguished Chair in physics as well as a university chair in the public engagement in science. He received his PhD in nuclear reaction theory in 1989 and has published widely in the field. His current interest is in open quantum systems and the application of quantum mechanics in biology. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Read more from The Well: I put a camera on a monkey. Here’s how it shook my understanding of humanity ► https://bigthink.com/the-well/awe-ani... Atheism is not as rare or as rational as you think ► https://bigthink.com/the-well/atheism... System 1 vs. System 2 thinking: Why it isn’t strategic to always be rational ► https://bigthink.com/the-well/system-... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About The Well Do we inhabit a multiverse? Do we have free will? What is love? Is evolution directional? There are no simple answers to life’s biggest questions, and that’s why they’re the questions occupying the world’s brightest minds. So what do they think? How is the power of science advancing understanding? How are philosophers and theologians tackling these fascinating questions? Let’s dive into The Well. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join The Well on your favorite platforms: ► Facebook: https://bit.ly/thewellFB ► Instagram: https://bit.ly/thewellIG

timemanagement

Time Management

videos

Videos

This interview is an episode from The Well, our new publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the John Templeton Foundation.

Subscribe to The Well on YouTube ► https://bit.ly/thewell-youtube
Watch Jim Al-Khalili 's next interview ► What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? https://youtu.be/gElOu6WzgiU

Is our experience of time different from how time actually works? Jim Al-Khalili, theoretical physicist and author of The Joy of Science, offers a lesson on the science of time — from Newton to Einstein to quantum thermodynamics.

Going beyond the classical “common sense” view of time as absolute, Al-Khalili explains how Einstein changed everything when he taught us that time is relative and time and space are connected.

“Time," says Al-Khalili. “ticks by at different rates for different people depending on your frame of reference, and it’s malleable and it’s stretchable.”

Read the video transcript ► https://bigthink.com/the-well/the-science-of-time/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

About Jim Al-Khalili:
Jim is a multiple award-winning science communicator renowned for his public engagement around the world through writing and broadcasting and a leading academic making fundamental contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in nuclear reaction theory, quantum effects in biology, open quantum systems and the foundations of quantum mechanics.

Jim is a theoretical physicist at the University of Surrey where he holds a Distinguished Chair in physics as well as a university chair in the public engagement in science. He received his PhD in nuclear reaction theory in 1989 and has published widely in the field. His current interest is in open quantum systems and the application of quantum mechanics in biology.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Read more from The Well: 
I put a camera on a monkey. Here’s how it shook my understanding of humanity
► https://bigthink.com/the-well/awe-ani...
Atheism is not as rare or as rational as you think
► https://bigthink.com/the-well/atheism...
System 1 vs. System 2 thinking: Why it isn’t strategic to always be rational
► https://bigthink.com/the-well/system-...

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

About The Well
Do we inhabit a multiverse? Do we have free will? What is love? Is evolution directional? There are no simple answers to life’s biggest questions, and that’s why they’re the questions occupying the world’s brightest minds.

So what do they think?

How is the power of science advancing understanding? How are philosophers and theologians tackling these fascinating questions?

Let’s dive into The Well.

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Join The Well on your favorite platforms:
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How Einstein changed time forever | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think

People often want to know if they should do a detox or cleanse, hoping it will remove toxins from their bodies. Dr Jen Gunter says that isn't going to happen.

The value of a detox

The idea of cleansing has been around for thousands of years. For centuries, there was a lot of focus on ridding the body of impurities and sickness. Bloodletting, purging and fasting were all well-guarded treatments.  Today's wellness industry picked up on our desire to get rid of things. The word "detox" is a medical treatment for people with drug and alcohol addictions, yet the wellness industry uses it to make it sound like getting rid of all the dirty stuff. It sounds right to us because of our lack of understanding of how our liver works.

The idea of cleansing is age-old

The liver is about the size of an American football and weighs three pounds. It does many jobs to keep our bodies running, from helping the immune system to creating proteins for blood clotting.  The liver also deals with harmful substances, almost like a factory. It takes nutrients from the food and drinks we consume and breaks them down to be packaged in a usable way while removing the waste in the bile or via the kidneys, usually in the form of urine.

Understanding how the liver works

A popular cleanse is the cayenne pepper and lemon juice drink to "help your liver flush toxins."  You drink it, and it gets digested. Nutrients get absorbed in the blood and arrive at the liver. But the liver processes these nutrients the same as everything else. It packages what's useful and disseminates it throughout the body. What it can't use becomes waste. So there's nothing exceptional about mixing cayenne and lemon. It doesn't "clean the pipes." You might lose a few pounds at best because you aren't eating much. At worst, you could go into starvation mode.

Popular cleanse myth

The best things you can do:<ul><li>Don't smoke</li><li>Eat a balanced diet</li><li>Exercise regularly</li><li>Get enough sleep</li><li>Don't consume too much alcohol as it can cause problems over time, such as fatty liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer.</li><li>Some medications can damage your liver.</li><li>Be careful with supplements and herbs.</li></ul>

A healthy liver is extremely important

Put down the cayenne-lemon water and step away from the herbal tea. Cleanses and detox products like these don't remove toxins, says Dr. Jen Gunter, and some of them may even be hurting your health. Learn how your body rids itself of harmful substances and what you can do to keep this system running smoothly. Think you know how your body works? Think again! Dr. Jen Gunter is here to shake up everything you thought you knew -- from how much water you need to drink to how often you need to poop and everything in between. This TED original series will tell you the truth about what's *really* going on inside you. Want to hear more from Dr. Jen Gunter? Follow Body Stuff on Apple Podcasts: https://link.chtbl.com/BodyStuffYT Visit http://TED.com to get our entire library of TED Talks, transcripts, translations, personalized talk recommendations and more. The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know. Become a TED Member: http://ted.com/membership Follow TED on Twitter: http://twitter.com/TEDTalks Like TED on Facebook: http://facebook.com/TED Subscribe to our channel: http://youtube.com/TED TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy (https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy). For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

Put down the cayenne-lemon water and step away from the herbal tea. Cleanses and detox products like these don't remove toxins, says Dr. Jen Gunter, and some of them may even be hurting your health. Learn how your body rids itself of harmful substances and what you can do to keep this system running smoothly. 

Think you know how your body works? Think again! Dr. Jen Gunter is here to shake up everything you thought you knew -- from how much water you need to drink to how often you need to poop and everything in between. This TED original series will tell you the truth about what's *really* going on inside you. 

Want to hear more from Dr. Jen Gunter? Follow Body Stuff on Apple Podcasts: https://link.chtbl.com/BodyStuffYT

Visit http://TED.com to get our entire library of TED Talks, transcripts, translations, personalized talk recommendations and more.

The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know. 

Become a TED Member: http://ted.com/membership
Follow TED on Twitter: http://twitter.com/TEDTalks
Like TED on Facebook: http://facebook.com/TED
Subscribe to our channel: http://youtube.com/TED

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy (https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy). For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know.

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy. For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

A cleanse won't detox your body -- but here's what will | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter

To create a rich dining experience, all of the basic senses should be engaged. <ul><li>Taste and smell play the largest role. Both senses identify and react to chemicals in food. This is known as flovour.</li><li>Flavour is a sensation that uses many senses at once: an amalgam of taste, texture, temperature, and smell.</li><li>Taste buds can differentiate between five basic tastes: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami (a savoury taste found in mushrooms or steak.)</li><li>Humans have 450 different types of smell receptors, each of which can notice slightly different smell molecules.</li></ul>

The brain plays a huge role in the rich sensory experience when we eat.

Smell's role in flavour is why food can call up memories. These processes seem to be related to where it is located in the brain structure. The many connections between the olfactory system and the regions responsible for emotion and memory tie these experiences together. Our brains lessen the risk of eating poisonous or rancid food through the storage of emotional memories. If you become sick after eating a particular food, that flavour can cause disgust when you try to eat it again. But, we can also recall positive emotional memories associated with food, creating a rich dining experience.

Remembrance of past flavours

Scientists are investigating why the taste of food you love (or hate) can conjure up such strong memories.

Savor the Moment: The Peculiar Connection Between Taste and Memory

The magic and power of sound has improved the lives of millions of people. Binaural beats are musical tones that have seen significant rise in their application. The sound waves enable one to reach higher realms consciousness, and thus help in learning, meditation, focus, sleep, heal, enhanced moods, among other implementations. The science behind binaural beats frequencies is brain entrainment.

Binaural Beats 

<ol><li>Gamma (30-100 Hz)</li><li>Theta (3.6-7.9 Hz)</li><li>Delta (0.1-3.5 Hz)</li><li>Alpha (8-14 Hz)</li><li>Beta (15-29 Hz)</li></ol>

Five Important Binaural Beats Frequencies

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">They enhance your creativity</li><li class="ql-align-justify">They help reduce and mitigate pain</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Enhance your focus and concentration</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Induce and improve sleep</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Helps avoid and manage stress</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Increase mind stimulation</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Enhance your cognition</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Wards off and reduces anxiety</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Improves memory</li></ul>

Benefits Of Binaural Beats Frequencies 

YouTube hosts a great choice of binaural beats.You can use the YouTube search feature and choose from the variety, according to your needs, and what will work for you.In addition, there are <a href="https://www.binauralbeatsmeditation.com/?ap_id=minddaily">Professional </a> generators that have outstanding collection of binaural beats, customised for various needs.

Where Can One Get Binaural Beats

What are BINAURAL BEATS FREQUENCIES, their BENEFITS? DO they work? Find the guide and Hz for the Binaural Beats Frequencies. The Mental Health Catalysts!

meditation

Meditation

Binaural Beats: The Best Guide To Understanding The 5 Binaural Beats Frequencies

When we’re falling in love with someone, the first thing we notice is how good it feels. It’s because the brain releases feel-good neurotransmitters that boost our mood. When we find love, it is like biological fireworks. Our heart rate is elevated, our levels of the so-called love hormone oxytocin are rising, which makes us feel connected. Our levels of the hormone and neurotransmitter norepinephrine are spiking, which makes us lose track of time; our levels of adrenaline rise, which expands the capillaries in our cheeks and makes us flush.

Love And Your Brain

Our levels of serotonin, a key hormone in regulating appetite and intrusive anxious thoughts, fall down. So when we are in love we might find ourselves eating irregularly or fixating on small details, worrying about sending “the perfect text,” “saying the perfect words” and then replaying the text or the phone call over and over again in our head.

Being In Love Lowers Anxiety

When we start feeling a deep sense of calm and contentment with our partner, brain areas are activated that trigger not just basic emotions, but also more complex cognitive functions. This can lead to several positive results, like pain suppression, more compassion, better memory and greater creativity. Romantic love feels like a superpower that makes the brain thrive.

Love Heals, According To Science

Love is a biological necessity, just like water or exercise or food. My research has convinced me that a healthy love life — which could include your beloved partner, your closest circle of friends, your family and even your favorite sports team — is as essential to a person’s well-being as a good diet.

Love Is Needed To Survive

If you don’t feel that you have a meaningful relationship, it’s as if you are socially thirsty, and your brain sends a signal to tell you that you need to help your social body. Some of the same alarms activated when people are thirsty are activated when people feel socially disconnected from others. The key is not to suppress these feelings. They are meant to help us survive; we are meant to do something about it.

The Thirst For Love

No one feels guilty when they are thirsty, right? So no one should feel guilty when they are lonely.There is a paradox in loneliness; we want to approach others, but the lonely mind has been lonely for so long that it detects more threats — inaccurately, of course — and makes you want to withdraw rather than approach others.

The Paradox Of Loneliness

Love doesn’t have to be with a living person. If you are really in love with life, with your passion, with your hobby, it can also be a buffer against loneliness.

Love Yourself, Love Your Life, Love Your Passion

For years, people have thought that to help people who are lonely, you have to put them together. But the worst thing you can do for a lonely person is try to help them without asking them for help in return — a concept based on mutual aid and protection. Instead, we need to help them have a new sense of worth. We can ask them for their advice.

Helping The Isolated

Yes, you can stay connected with others even if you are physically alone in a room.Close your eyes right now and think about the person you love the most. Now, think about the last time you made them laugh out loud. Does that bring a smile to your face? We store these positive memories in our mind, and we can access them any time. We have the remote control.

A Long Distance Connection

In her new book, Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist, delves into romance, loss and human connection as she writes of her love story with her husband.

How Love Changes Your Brain

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