Memphis is an important centre and capital of ancient Egypt, significantly advancing humanity’s understanding of medicine. Memphis is the Greek name for the city, which the Egyptians called Men-Nefer (“beautiful harbour”) since at least the third millennium BC. The archaeological zone at Memphis is now a designated UNESCO World Heritage site with tourists that flock to see the remains of the ancient city in the Memphis Open Air Museum.

Memphis, capital of ancient Egypt

The area has been inhabited since Neolithic times and had a well-developed culture by about 3600 BC. During the Old Kingdom (c. 2700–2200 BC), Egypt’s first golden age, Memphis was home to as many as <a href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-lost-city-of-memphis-egypt.html">30,000</a> people, making it perhaps the world’s largest settlement at that time.

Memphis served as capital for almost three and a half millennia

<ul><li>The great medical innovator was Imhotep, the chief minister and head magician for the Third Dynasty Pharaoh Djoser (reigned c. 2686–2648 BC,) whose court was in Memphis.</li><li>The medical advancements made in Memphis were remarkable for the era, partly thanks to the practice of mummification.</li><li>The physicians of Memphis also developed many medical specializations. Each physician [was] a healer of one disease and no more, such as eye physicians or stomach physicians. </li><li>The physicians discovered many effective treatments and pioneered areas, including surgery, nutrition, pharmacology, and prosthetics.</li></ul>

Memphis is home to the earliest pioneer of medicine

history

History

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

Centers of Progress, Pt. 33: Memphis (Medicine) - HumanProgress

Scientists studying this reflex have proposed several reasons for the phenomenon. A yawn is a reflex that may be triggered by sleepiness, stress, boredom, or seeing another person yawn. There are several reasons for yawning. snakes yawn to realign their jaws after eating and to aid respiration. Fish yawn when their water lacks sufficient oxygen. However, it is more difficult to pinpoint why humans yawn.

Everybody yawns

Cortisol levels increase after yawning and may increase alertness and the need for action. Psychologists think yawning helps improve blood flow to the brain. The premise is that stretching the jaw increases blood flow to the face, head, and neck, while the deep breath of a yawn forces blood and spinal fluid to flow downward. This may explain why people yawn when they are stressed.

Physiological reasons for yawning in humans

<ul><li>Yawning may serve a social function as yawning is contagious in humans. </li><li>Catching yawns may communicate fatigue or help people synchronize waking and sleeping patterns. </li><li>Contagious yawning may help group members become more alert to defend against attackers or predators.</li></ul>

Psychological reasons for yawning

Explore the reasons for yawning, including physiological and psychological factors. Learn about scientific studies that answer the question why do we yawn?

health

Health

Why Do We Yawn? A Look at the Reasons

Pay attention to the following red flags to spot fake scientists:<ul><li>All the material about their work was produced by themselves or their teams. </li><li>No peer-reviewed research. It’s not a good sign if you do a quick search in Google Scholar and nothing comes up.</li><li>A vague biography that leaves out important information such as their alma mater. </li><li>Made-up scientific terms not used by anyone else in the scientific community. </li></ul>

How to spot fake scientists

There is of course no sure-fire way to know for certain whether you are looking at the work of an honest scientist, especially if you are not an expert in their particular field, but these signs taken in combination can be a good indication to proceed with caution. Especially when the research topic is around health and wellness, teaching yourself and your loved ones to be skeptical can sometimes mean the difference between life and death.

The rise of fake scientists

Ingredients of a formidable memoryR.E.I.G.R.M<ul><li>R- Retrieve</li><li>E- Elaborate</li><li>I- Interleaving</li><li>G- Generate</li><li>R - Reflect</li><li>M - Mnemonics</li></ul>

Improving memory

Remembering an idea that you just learnt.Drawing an idea from memory about a subject just learnt

Retrieve

Expanding on the knowledge of the subject to understand it more deeply.

Elaborate

Understand the subject of study by mixing it with other ideas to see how they can work together.<ul><li>Apply one idea in different scenarios</li></ul>

Interleaving

Developing new ideas about the subject and innovative ways it can be applied.A result of Interleaving

Generate

Memory is a mental process and like any other efficient process, the output is evaluated to find potential errors and areas of improvement

Reflect

The use of abbreviations and rhymes in order to remember information easier.

Mnemonics

education

Learning & Education

Memory

Temperature would be nice up there, Just don't fall...

Floating In Venus's Clouds

Elon Musk's favorite ideaJust a bit cold ❄️Beware of the gigantic duststorms tho...

Exploring Mars's Red Surface

Damn Jupiter is BigThat great red spot looks violent 😯Is there really an ocean under europa's surface?

Watching Jupiter Through Icy Europa

Put on some fake wings and u can flyTitan's atmosphere is thick enough 😆Those rings of Saturn look really bright

Feeling Like A Bird On Titan

Neptune's moon will be perfect for that, Some chances of finding life too, be safe 👽

Watch The Sunset From Neptune

Dwarf planet? So what, it has 5 moonsGood to see while camping Don't forget your winter clothes tho ❄️

Camp On Pluto

We must become Interstellar species someday, don't u wanna experience hanging out on Olympus Mons, the tallest mountain in the solar system 😆Hopefully the day comes before we die 🚀

One Day It Will Be Reality

Wanna travel around the solar system in the future? Here's a checklist you should see 🚀

technologyandthefuture

Technology & The Future

travel

Travel

Solar System Travel Checklist

Have you noticed that every morning, you brush your teeth almost the same way, your actions are almost automated, the way you brush, the way you keep it back and also your actions you do after brushing. Why? Read next

Habit Chunks, Adding New Habits And Keystone Habits

Habit Chunks are group of habits that are almost automated inorder to reduce making decision by your brain. These are repeated behaviors.Basal Ganglia:Part of the brain that gets activated while habits are turned on and decision taking is reduced

Habit Chunks

Ever been into trap of same negative sequence happening and you falling into same trap of negative loop automaticaly, yes there can be sequence for your emotional habits too.

Emotional Habit Chunks

Brain needs reward to do things( dopamine should be released for any action or motivation to even do any task)What if you can sandwich your new habit in between your pre existing habits such that the new habit is also percieved as something easy in between them.

Adding New Habits

I found it really difficult to setup an exercise routine until I read the book power of habit, all I had to do was find some activities that I considered rewarding (in my case was drinking cup of tea while reading books)Added the exercise routine just before drinking tea(the reward)I did not worry about loosing weight and focused on routine as I knew loosing weight would be a by-productI also added additional reward of having a cold showerAnd once I did, Now its almost automated, when its time for exercise I dont have to force myself to do so, my brain knows after the exercise is the reward.

How I Added Exercise Routine

Is a habit due to which multiple habits are chained as chunks. Its the master habit due to which all other habits exist.Break the Keystone habit and you will find rest of the habits dissociated.Example:Developing an identity that you want to be a fit personAnd you start controlling your diet, due to which you feel more energetic and you are finding there are lot of changes going on due to one decision. You start working out and find you are more active etc.Can you make a keystone habit yourself ? Something to find out yourself.

Keystone HABIT

These ideas helped me to know the importance of habits and to add or remove any new habits.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • This instant classic explores how we can change our lives by changing our habits. NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Wall Street Journal • Financial Times In The Power of Habit, award-winning business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. Distilling vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives that take us from the boardrooms of Procter & Gamble to the sidelines of the NFL to the front lines of the civil rights movement, Duhigg presents a whole new understanding of human nature and its potential. At its core, The Power of Habit contains an exhilarating argument: The key to exercising regularly, losing weight, being more productive, and achieving success is understanding how habits work. As Duhigg shows, by harnessing this new science, we can transform our businesses, our communities, and our lives. With a new Afterword by the author “Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins “Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times “A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity “You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind “Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review

habits

Habits

books

Books

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • This instant classic explores how we can change our lives by changing our habits. NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Wall Street Journal • Financial Times In The Power of Habit, award-winning business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. Distilling vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives that take us from the boardrooms of Procter & Gamble to the sidelines of the NFL to the front lines of the civil rights movement, Duhigg presents a whole new understanding of human nature and its potential. At its core, The Power of Habit contains an exhilarating argument: The key to exercising regularly, losing weight, being more productive, and achieving success is understanding how habits work. As Duhigg shows, by harnessing this new science, we can transform our businesses, our communities, and our lives. With a new Afterword by the author   “Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins   “Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times   “A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity “You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind “Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review

Charles Duhigg is an American journalist and non-fiction author. He was a reporter for The New York Times, currently writes for The New Yorker Magazine and is the author of two books on habits and productivity, titled The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business and Smarter Faster Better.

Charles Duhigg

The Power of Habit

Whether it’s more troubling to imagine that the Universe goes on forever in every direction, or that it has an edge, beyond which there is nothing, is hard to say.Astrophysics doesn’t provide any guidance as to which flavour of existential crisis we should be having – while we can’t say with any level of confidence whether the Universe goes on forever or not, we can say that our observable universe has an edge, in the sense that there’s a distance beyond which, whatever may or may not exist, we absolutely cannot see it.

The Universe: Infinite Or With A Boundary

<a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/why-the-sky-is-dark-at-night/">Olbers’ Paradox</a> asks: if the Universe is infinite, and if there are stars (or galaxies) throughout it, why is the sky dark? Surely, if we look in any direction in the sky, that sightline will, eventually, land on a star. Common sense, therefore, tells us that everywhere we look, the sky should be as bright as the Sun, constantly aglow.

Olbers’ Paradox

The standard resolution to this paradox invokes the finite age of the cosmos and the speed of <a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/science/how-the-brightest-minds-in-science-from-einstein-to-da-vinci-revealed-the-nature-of-light/">light</a>. Even if the cosmos is endless and full of stars, one might reason, we can only see the ones that are close enough for there to have been enough time (since the beginning of the Universe) for the light to reach us from there. Anything distant enough from the Earth that the light travel time is more than the age of the Universe is invisible to us.

The Standard Resolution

The stranger physics comes in when you ask, what are those things whose light has travelled for that long? The Big Bang theory says that the Universe 13.8 billion years ago was a hot, dense inferno, in which all of space was filled with glowing-hot plasma, rippling and churning like the surface of the Sun. Because all of space was glowing, when we look into the farthest reaches of the cosmos in any direction, that glow is in fact what we see.﻿

The Age Of The Ever-Expanding Universe

The reason the Universe can be glowing all around us but still look dark comes down to the physics of light in an expanding universe. When space expands, and the distance between objects grows, the light passing between those things gets stretched out, shifting the light to lower frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum.For visible light, lower frequencies correspond to redder colours, so this effect is called “redshift”. You can think of it like a Doppler shift – the same kind of effect that’s responsible for a siren dropping to a lower tone when an ambulance speeds away from you

Another Paradox Resolved

While we may never know if the Universe as a whole is infinite or bounded, we know that the <a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/will-the-cosmic-microwave-background-disappear/">cosmic microwave background</a> – the distant shell of fading fire that surrounds us – is the most distant light we can ever see, at the edge of our observable universe. But just like the darkness of the night sky, this edge is a matter of perspective. Someone living in a galaxy billions of light years away from us sits at the centre of their own observable universe, which may only partly overlap our own.

We Are Not The Center Of The Universe

Puzzling over the answers to a centuries-old cosmic paradox can teach us profound things about the Universe.

sciencefiction

Science Fiction

Olbers' Paradox: What the mystery of the night sky teaches us about our Universe | BBC Science Focus Magazine

This year, the northern summer solstice falls on June 21 at 5:13 am EDT (June 21 at 9:13 UT). Solstices occur simultaneously around the world, but their local times vary with time zones.  Traditionally, summer and winter solstices helped mark the changing of the seasons. Today, meteorologists officially use temperature records instead to draw lines between the seasons.

Summer and winter solstices

The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted about 23. degrees relative to Earth's orbit around the sun. This tilt causes the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to get unequal amounts of sunlight over a year. The Earth's axis is tilted most closely toward the sun for two moments each year. These are called solstices. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted more toward the sun from September to March, which feels like autumn and winter. The hemisphere tilted most toward our home star sees its longest day and the hemisphere tilted away from the sun sees its longest night.

Understanding solstices

Cultures around the world have devised ways to celebrate and revere celestial events. <ul><li>Stonehenge, a 5,000-year-old monument, has a famously special relationship with the solstices. On the summer solstice, the complex’s Heel Stone, which stands outside Stonehenge’s main circle, lines up with the rising sun.</li><li>The Great Pyramids at Giza also seem to be aligned with the sun. When viewed from the Sphinx, the sun sets between the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre during the summer solstice.</li></ul>

Celebrating the solstice 

<ul><li>The solstices mark the brightest and darkest days of the year, but the temperatures don't reflect that because it takes time for Earth's land and water to heat up and cool down.</li><li>Some believe that since Earth's rotation is slowing down, each new solstice sets a new record for daytime length. But that's not the case. Instead, changes in the distribution of Earth's mass can subtly tweak our plant's rotation rate.</li></ul>

Misconceptions about the solstices

Once a year, an astronomical alignment ushers in this seasonal change. The summer solstice is celebrated across the world—and shrouded in myth.

What is the summer solstice? Here’s what you need to know.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines the backyard barbecue staple as “a flat, round cake of minced beef, fried or grilled and typically served in a bread roll garnished with various condiments.” One thing that generally doesn’t make the ingredients list? Ham. This begs the question: Why is a hamburger called a hamburger if there isn’t any ham in it?

The Hamburger

There’s no clear reason as to why a hamburger is called a hamburger, but our best guess is right in the name: The origins can be traced back to Hamburg, Germany. As Europeans began to immigrate to the United States en masse in the 18th and 19th centuries, they brought with them their favourite foods, including Hamburg steaks, or fried patties of <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/best-cuts-of-beef/">minced beef</a> and <a href="https://www.rd.com/article/why-onions-make-you-cry/">chopped onions</a> that were bound together with eggs, bread crumbs, and mild spices.

The Hamburg In The Hamburger

Were the inventors actually brothers Frank and Charles Menches, who placed a beef patty between two slices of bread at a county fair in Hamburg, New York, in 1885?  Or was it Oscar Weber Bilby, who first sandwiched a patty in a bun in 1891 in Tulsa, Oklahoma?  Perhaps the idea belongs to all of them. No matter who originally came up with the sandwiched patty, the national love affair with the hamburger thrives to this day, with burgers being about as American as it gets.

The Invention Of The Hamburger

While we can’t say for sure why a hamburger is called a hamburger, beef burgers are still called hamburgers, even though there’s no ham in them. The term “Hamburg” influenced the modern food’s name, perhaps because Hamburg steak so closely resembles the beef patty, so every burger is considered a hamburger, including those with meatless patties.

Hamburger Is A Name For Any Burger

In the 18th century, on the rainy isle known as England, the Earl of Sandwich ordered his cook to serve him meat placed within slices of bread so that he didn’t have to abandon his duties for a meal. And so the sandwich was born.  Why is a burger not a sandwich? There are many subtle differences between the two (like the type of bread used and the way the bread is cut), not the least of which is the filling. A burger will always contain one or more grilled patties of ground food—meat or vegetables or faux meat—and will always be circular.

Comparisons With The Sandwich

The iconic hamburger has a rich international history that's still up for debate.

Why is a hamburger called a hamburger? It's traveled around the world to get to where it is today, with a name to remind us of its origins.

food

Food

Why Is It Called a Hamburger If There’s No Ham?

Do Coke Zero and Diet Coke have the same ingredients and same flavor? You might be surprised by the results of our research. <ul><li>The ingredient lists are similar</li><li>Both consist of carbonated water, caramel color, phosphoric acid, potassium benzoate, aspartame, natural flavors, and caffeine</li><li>Coke Zero has two ingredients Diet Coke lacks: potassium citrate and acesulfame potassium</li><li>Diet Coke has one ingredient not found in Coke Zero: citric acid</li><li>Coca-Cola Zero Sugar looks and tastes more like Coke-Cola Classic</li></ul>

The Two Cokes

<ul>
<li>Diet Coke: Smooth and sweet, enjoyable, bubbly, goes well with a meal, refreshing by itself.</li>
<li>Coke Zero: Smooth, sweeter, and more bubbly.</li>
</ul>

Coke Zero vs. Diet Coke

'80s expert and diet soda fan Gael Fashingbauer Cooper conducted a taste test to compare Coke Zero and Diet Coke. Here's what she discovered.

Coke Zero vs. Diet Coke: What’s the Difference?

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