Modern science credits the atomic theory to an English chemist and physicist named John Dalton (1766-1844). However, not many people are aware that a theory of atoms was formulated approximately 2500 years before Dalton by an Indian sage and philosopher named Acharya Kanada.   Acharya Kanada, originally known by the name of Kashyap, is believed to have been born either around 600 BC or 800 BC in Prabhas Kshetra near Dwaraka in present day Gujarat, India.  He was the son of a philosopher named Ulka.

7. Acharya Kanada 

Kashyap displayed a keen sense of detail since childhood and minute things attracted his attention.As a young boy, he once accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Prayaga. He noticed that thousands of pilgrims in the town were littering its roads with flowers and grains of rice which they offered at the temples by the shore of river Ganges. Fascinated by the tiny particles, Kashyap began collecting the grains of rice from the ground while everyone else was busy offering prayers or bathing in the Ganges. Noticing this behaviour from a boy of a well-to-do family, an inquisitive crowd gathered

Acharya Kanada's Childhood 

around him and started wondering why he was acting in such a strange manner. When questioned about why he was collecting grains of rice that even a beggar wouldn’t touch,Kashyap replied that one grain in itself may seem worthless but a collection of some hundred grains make up a person’s meal. The collection of many meals would feed an entire family and ultimately the entire mankind was made up of many families.And for this reason alone,a single grain of rice was as important as all the riches in the world.People started calling him Kanada after this incidence as ‘kan’the smallest particle.

....

It was Kanada who first realized the idea that “anu” (atom) was an indestructible particle of matter.  This theory occurred to him while he was walking with food in his hand.  As he nibbled at the food in his hand, throwing away the small particles one by one until he was unable to break it down anymore and it left a smell on his hands.  He realized that he could not divide the food into further parts and the realization of a matter which cannot be divided further came into existence.

Anu (Atom) Indestructible Particle

He called this indivisible matter, “anu” which literally means atom. He founded the Vaisheshika School of philosophy where he taught his ideas and the nature of the universe.  He authored the text “Vaisesika Sutras” or Aphorisms, pioneering theatomic theory, describing dimension, motion and chemical reactions of atoms. Acharya Kanada considered the atom minute objects invisible to the naked eye which come into being and vanished in an instant; they were indestructible and hence eternal.

Vaisheshika School And Vaisheshika Sutra

Adherents of this philosophy further held that atoms of same substance combined with each other to produce dvyanuka (bi-atomic molecules) and tryanuka (tri-atomic molecules). This devinuka has the properties similar to those of the two original paramanu. Kanada also put forward the idea that atoms could be combined in various ways to produce chemical changes in presence of other factors such as heat. He gave blackening of earthen pot and ripening of fruit as examples of this phenomenon.

Kanada's Atomic Theory

His primary area of study was Rasavādam, considered to be a type of alchemy. He is said to have believed that all living beings are composed of five elements: water, fire, earth, air, ether. Vegetables have only water, insects have water and fire, birds have water, fire, earth and air, and Humans, the top of the creation, have ether—the sense of discrimination (time, space, mind) are one. He theorized that Gurutva (Hindi/Sanskrit for Gravity) was responsible for the falling of objects on the Earth.

Gurutva ( Gravity)

Accordingly, the universe is the interplay of seven aspects or states of material things, namely: <ol><li>Dravyam (matter) </li><li>Guna (Quality) </li><li>Karma (Action) </li><li>Samanya (Generic species) </li><li>Vishesha (Unique trait) </li><li>Samavaya (Inherence or integrated part of the whole), and </li><li>Abhava (Non-existence) </li> </ol>

7 States Of Material Things

<ol><li>Prithvi (Earth) </li><li>Jala (Water) </li><li>Teja (Light) </li><li>Vaayu (Gas) </li><li>Aakaasa (Ether) </li><li>Dika (Direction / space dimension) </li><li>Kaala (Time) </li><li>Maanas (Mind) </li><li>Atma (Soul) </li></ol>Kanada defined‘life’ as an organized form of atoms and molecules and ‘death’ as an unorganized form of those atoms and molecules.

Dravyam (matter) is again subdivided into nine aspects: 

The school founded by Kanada explains the creation and existence of the universe by proposing an atomistic theory, applying logic and realism, and is one of the earliest known systematic realist ontology in human history.Kanada suggested that everything can be subdivided, but this subdivision cannot go on forever, and there must be smallest entities (parmanu) that cannot be divided, that are eternal, that aggregate in different ways to yield complex substances and bodies with unique identity, a process that involves heat, and this is the basis for all material existence.

Systematic Realist Ontology

He used these ideas with the concept of Atman (soul, Self) to develop a means to moksha. If viewed from the prism of physics, his ideas imply a clear role for the observer as independent of the system being studied. Kanada's ideas were influential on other schools of Hinduism, and over its history became closely associated with the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy.

Concept Of Atman 

Multiple Hindu texts dated to the 1st and 2nd century CE, such as the Mahavibhasa and Jnanaprasthana from the Kushan Empire, quote and comment on Kanada's doctrines.His ideas are also mentioned in Buddhist texts attributed to Aśvaghoṣa of the same period.In Jainism literature, he is referred to as Sad-uluka, which means "the Uluka who propounded the doctrine of six categories".His Vaisheshika philosophy similarly appears with alternate names, such as "Aulukya philosophy" derived from the nickname Uluka (literally owl, or grain eater in the night).

Influence And Mentions

Kanada was influential in Indian philosophies, and he appears in various texts by alternate names such as Kashyapa, Uluka, Kananda, Kanabhuk among others.The ideas of Kanada span a wide range of fields, and they influenced not only philosophy, but possibly scholars in other fields such as Charaka who wrote a medical text that has survived as Charaka Samhita.National Aeronautical Laboratory in Bangalore runs a science magazine in this great philosopher’s name called Kanada.

Acharya Kanada, originally known by the name of Kashyap, is believed to have been born either around 600 BC or 800 BC in Prabhas Kshetra near Dwaraka in

philosophy

Philosophy

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

problemsolving

Problem Solving

scienceandnature

Science & Nature

Acharya Kanada: The Father of Atomic Theory

Motivation works well in the short-term. If you set a new goal, you can probably summon up the motivation to pursue it earnestly for a week or two. But motivation wanes. If your goal takes more than a month or two, you’re going to need more than just motivation. You’re going to need habits.Habit-building methods are great because they translate that short-term motivation into something more durable. If you invest in consistent routines, with triggers, rewards and punishments, you can stabilize that motivation into systematic output.

Habit Formation

This transition from motivated bursts to stable habits is often so powerful that people who’ve never tried it before become proselytizing converts.I know many <a href="http://zenhabits.net/">bloggers </a><a href="http://www.stevepavlina.com/">that </a><a href="http://jamesclear.com/">built </a>their initial audiences on habit forming. Part of that is because habits are a popular topic. But I suspect the real reason is that the methods are so powerful that people feel compelled to start a blog about them.

The Gospel of Changing Habits

Any action requires two kinds of effort in order to get done :<ul><li>An intrinsic effort that depends on the action. </li><li>An effort to decide whether or not to execute the action.</li></ul> Habits can modify the first, but the main reason they work is that they eliminate the second type of effort.Every time you read a book, you’re investing these two kinds of effort. First there’s the effort of reading. Depending on the difficulty of the book, this might require a lot of effort or zero effort. Imagine the difference between a quantum physics textbook and a Harry Potter book and you’ll see why.

Action Requires Two Kinds of Effort

Any action requires two kinds of effort in order to get done:<ul><li> An intrinsic effort that depends on the action </li><li>An effort to decide whether or not to execute the action. </li></ul>Habits can modify the first, but the main reason they work is that they eliminate the second type of effort.Every time you read the book, you’re investing these two kinds of effort. First there’s the effort of reading. Depending on the difficulty of the book, this might require a lot of effort or zero effort. Imagine the difference between a quantum physics textbook and a Harry Potter book and you’ll see why.

Habits appear to reduce these two costs in different ways:<ol><li>Habits can reduce the intrinsic cost by making you better at the task. As you read more difficult books, you get better at reading, so it doesn’t require as much energy.</li><li>Habits reduce the decision cost by eliminating the ambiguity of when and how to perform the behavior. If you read your fifty pages at lunch, every day, for three months, the next lunch break you’ll automatically start reading without having to decide whether to do it.</li></ol>For a lot of tasks, the second cost reduction is far greater than the first.

Cost Reduction

Habits, appear to reduce these two costs in different ways:<ol><li>Habits can reduce the intrinsic cost by making you better at the task. As you read more difficult books, you get better at reading, so it doesn’t require as much energy.</li><li>Habits reduce the decision cost by eliminating the ambiguity of when and how to perform the behavior. If you read your fifty pages at lunch, every day, for three months, the next lunch break you’ll automatically start reading without having to decide whether to do it.</li></ol>For a lot of tasks, the second cost reduction is far greater than the first.

<ul><li>Not all habits are equally easy to build . This makes sense because some have higher intrinsic effort required, which results in not only higher intrinsic cost but also higher decision costs.</li><li>You can’t establish an unlimited number of habits . This makes sense because even if you eliminate the decision effort, you still have to pay the intrinsic effort. </li><li>Most habits are only metastable . <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastability">Metastability </a>is a concept in physics where a certain state of affairs is stable, but small perturbations can break that stability. </li></ul>

Habits are Metastable

This idea of metastability conforms to my experience as the reason why I’ve found few habits have had permanent lifespans. <ul><li>Inevitably, the habit breaks down because of a temporary lifestyle change: a vacation, an illness, needing to move or work overtime. </li><li>These create shocks which are often enough to break the behavior, increase the decision cost, making it no longer automatic when you return to the habit.</li></ul>

Why Habits Fade ? 

<ul><li>This metastability suggests that the most important positions to look at when setting a habit are during possible disruptions. If you temporarily have to break a habit, then re-establishing it as soon as the interruption is gone should be your top priority.</li></ul>Even better if you can avoid breaking the habit at all, creating a placeholder habit in its absence. That might mean reading five pages instead of fifty when you’re busy, or doing a home workout when you’re traveling instead of going to the gym.

How to Deal With Medium-Term Habits

We often struggle with keeping up our habits. This article explains why we struggle so :)

Harness that short-term motivation to generate long-term benefits.

habits

Habits

timemanagement

Time Management

Why Is It so Hard to Create Permanent Habits?

With so many uncertainties stemming from the current pandemic, you might be looking for more human connection and comfort from friends and family. If there’s someone in your life that really needs your support and compassion, here are 10 ways to ask how someone is doing that are empathetic and open-ended.

Alternatives

If your friend or family member is dealing with something particularly stressful, ask them how you can help. Sometimes, it can be comforting just to know that you are ready to support them. It’s good to express that you are there for moral support and are willing to help if need be.

1)  How can I support you?

Allowing your colleague to vent about whatever has been on their mind will likely lead to a deeper, more honest conversation. They’ll feel like you really care about their inner thoughts and feelings.

2 What’s been on your mind lately?

By inquiring about their day, you are creating the space for them to talk about whatever has affected their mood or feelings most recently. Plus, you might be able to find more immediate ways to help and support them, knowing what’s irritating or distressing them on this particular day.

3 Tell me about your day.

There are millions of ways to find joy even in difficult times, but for some reason we are always prone to focusing on the negative. By asking this question, you’ll remind your friend that there is still at least something that’s good and redeeming to be grateful for.

4) What’s bringing you joy right now?

If you know for a fact that your partner is going through a rough patch, it’s nice to ask a question that acknowledges the difficulty head-on. This is also a good way to start the conversation with an undertone of empathy; you’re recognizing that they might not be doing too well right now, and you’re interested in knowing exactly how they’re getting by.

5) Are you holding up OK?

This is a rather sweet way of sparking a conversation about your friend or family member’s self-care routine. Knowing what they’re currently doing to create a little positivity during tough times will give you a better sense for how you can also console or take care of them.

6 How are you taking care of yourself these days?

Telling someone that they’ve been on your mind will instantly engender <a href="https://www.grammarly.com/blog/email-greetings/">empathy </a>and connection, as they will know that you’re concerned about them. “What’s new?” is a perfect follow-up question, showing them that you’re curious to know what they’ve been doing. Again, this is a powerful open-ended avenue, creating a dialogue for sharing anything that’s important to them.

7) I’ve been thinking about you. What’s new?

Similar to offering your support, you can ask your friend if there is a specific task or activity that you can do to take the pressure off of them. Even if they say no, it’s always nice to help in whatever way you can without being asked!

8) Is there anything I can help take care of?

With the need for social distancing making it a more challenging than usual to see friends, offering to video call is the next best thing for some “face-to-face” catching up. Having authentic one-on-one time, even if it takes place behind a screen, is an ideal way to reconnect and make sure your friend is doing okay.

9) Are you free for a virtual coffee chat?

A final alternative to asking someone how they are is to open a discussion about their high moments and low moments of the week. This will not only allow them to vent about their main pain points, but it will also make them aware of the positive things that happened too, which will definitely help boost their mood.

10) What were your highs and lows this week?

When you know someone is going through a challenging time and a simple “how are you?” doesn’t suffice, use these alternative ways to inquire about how someone is doing.

health

Health

communication

Communication

loveandrelationships

Love & Relationships

How to Reach Out to Someone Beyond “How Are You?”

If I could give one piece of advice to writers on the Medium platform, it would be to make connections. Find writers whose writing you admire. Pay special attention to writers who write about the topics you like and have bylines at publications you enjoy reading. Ultimately, finding your writing tribe can be exciting as long as you feel ready to learn and grow alongside your peers. — Allison Gaines, of WEOC Editors

1. Make Connections With Other Medium Creators

The lesson for me is that editing is a feature of the writing process, not a bug. Now, I don’t begrudge editing. I realize that it is just part of the process of helping me think. I love the process of editing! Nothing that anyone sees from me on Medium has been edited less than a dozen times. Each time, it is a slightly better expression of what is in my head- Roger Martin

2. Edit your drafts (and then edit them again)

My best work happens when I write for a single person instead of a mass of people. Like any writer, I want to be popular. I want to be read by as many people as possible. But the only way to do that is to connect with one person. Before I write anything — whether it’s a social media post for a brand or a first-person essay or a movie review — I ask myself, “Who am I writing for?” - John DeVore

3. Know Who Your Reader Is

Once you’ve found your audience, you want to keep serving that same audience. If you jump from one audience to another, you’re not likely to build a large readership. That means you have to enjoy what you write about. Otherwise, you’ll be one of those people who spends a year on Medium and gives up because readers can’t relate to your content.It can be tempting to write for superficial ends, like views or money. But if you spend all your energy writing for those reasons, you’ll eventually burn out. And who wants that? — Darius Foroux

4. Serve Your Reader

I say devote 15–30 minutes, a minimum of 3 times a week to read your comments, respond and then read a piece from a commenter — they’ve already shown an interest in your work. — Teressa P. of WEOC Editors

5. Read Medium Posts

Every time I publish a story, I add it to a list. I write many different types of articles on Medium — fiction, nonfiction, poetry — and having a way to collect similar stories together is a great way to organize my page. — Casey Lawrence

6. Use Medium's List Feature To Organize Your Notss

Your article is only two-thirds of the final product. The other third is arguably more important — it’s the attention grabber. Alongside your title, it’s the best weapon you have to stop a reader scrolling right past your work. What I’m referring to is, of course, the feature image.Many writers are guilty of getting sloppy at this stage in the excitement of getting their work published. Don’t get complacent and throw in the first stock image you find under a vague term like ‘writing’ or ‘work.’ If it’s in the first few results, you can bet your life it has been used to death. - Stephen Moore

7. Use A Unique Image

Writing alt-text allows me to see what I pay attention to first. It gives me time and space, in a relatively low-pressure environment, to notice these things. And I can put that knowledge to use in my life outside of alt-text later.I’m just now beginning to understand how paying closer attention to accessibility benefits everything around me. But I don’t think I expected that being more aware of it would also help to benefit who I am as a writer. — Yi Shun Lai

8. Add Alt-text To Your Image

Do not chase algorithms. Do not read articles on how to “make it” on Medium. Do not create headlines that scare the living daylights out of people so they click on them, searching for some elusive answer to life’s unanswerable questions.Instead, write a story in a huff while you’re crying. Crawl back under the sheets and workshop the story with your dog. Chase the flow-feeling. Be naive. — Adeline Dimond.

9. Don't Try To Go Viral. Just Write Your Heart Ou

I think the most important value we offer as a publication is our extensive and thorough editing process. Our editors are very hands-on and we work closely with writers to further developer their skills. I want to underscore the point that this isn’t just about ensuring we publish great work on SUPERJUMP itself; it’s also about leaving writers with something of lasting value well beyond their time with us. — James Burns, EIC of SUPERJUMP

10. Start A Publicatio

writing

Reading & Writing

How to succeed on Medium

There are two students in the class and the teacher gives a project to work on. The introverted student doesn't want to join because he feels being with other students is stressful. But a shy student wants to join in, he is rather afraid to interact with others.Which one are you?Introverts can interact with people, they just don't want to. Shy people want to interact with people, but they can't, they're afraid of judgement.(P.S. - It is possible for a person to be both)

SHY or INTROVERT - know in 2 minutes

Introverts enjoy time alone and get emotionally drained after spending a lot of time with others.Shy people don't necessarily want to be alone but are afraid of interacting with others. They are considerate of what others think about them, their looks, their behaviour, etc. They fear being rejected, being judged or rather being negatively evaluated.  They are afraid of social disapproval.

The Difference Between Introverts and Shy people

Quiet people have the loudest minds

There is a general confusion between shyness and being introverted. This can clear you on which one you are.

Are you shy or just introverted? See where you fit on this chart that displays typical behaviors of shy vs. outgoing introverts and extroverts.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

Where Do You Fit on the Dimensions of Introversion and Shyness Scale?

What your mental strength is what your attitude will be towards the innumerable hindrances and obstacles that are likely to come in your way in life.You can either live life one day at a time or plan elaborately for a distinct near future, but for all of that you need to develop a mental strength that would keep you rock solid no matter what surprises life throws at you.

Mental strength: How to boost it?

Psychologists define it as the measure of resilience when a certain individual braves adversity.Every individual exhibits a certain type of attitude while facing a difficult situation and that attitude entails mental strength.Negative turns in life events, crisis, financial issues, environmental factors are few of the unavoidable hindrances faced by every human being.The degree by which these negative incidents affect varies from individual to individual and the way a person responds to these effects is what constitutes mental strength.

What is mental strength?

In order to boost mental strength, one needs to adopt a psychological exercise. This involves understanding core beliefs, figuring out the strengths and weaknesses, creating extra space for positive thoughts, knowing a proper way to channel emotions, and observing daily activities.Always use mental energy judiciously in order to boost mental strength. "Wasting brain power ruminating about things you can’t control drains mental energy quickly. The more you think about negativity that you can’t solve, the less energy you’ll have leftover for creative endeavour" an article in Forbes.

How to boost mental strength?

Mental energy should be used for productive tasks. For example, try to find a long forgotten hobby or leisure activity that you had interest in during school days. When your thoughts are not productive, try to distract it towards the hobby. A hobby engages your mind no matter how stressed you are, because it is something that you love doing.

How to use mental energy?

Though self-isolation is the need of the hour due to rising cases of Omicron, it is not isolation literally. Though one is confined within four walls to stop the spread of the virus, one can always reach out to people virtually. Make the most use of the internet. Participate in group interactions, share your ideas, discuss on varied topics, and gain positive insights.

Interact, don't isolate

Do not stop reading, no matter how difficult it is for you to concentrate. Reading books on self development will not only give your insights on coping with stress, it will also make you aware of various facts that can actually productively boost your mental health. The time engaged in reading can never go in vain.

Read, read, read

What your mental strength is what your attitude will be towards the innumerable hindrances and obstacles that are likely to come in your way in life. You can either live life one day at a time or plan elaborately for a distinct near future, but for all of that you need to develop a mental strength that would keep you rock solid no matter what surprises life throws at you.

mentalhealth

Mental Health

Expert approved ways to improve your mental strength  | The Times of India
			

An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in the form of waves called seismic waves. The location in the Earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter or also known as focus. The surface directly above the focus is called epicenter. Seismic waves from earthquakes are used by scientists to study what our planet Earth is actually made up of.(Please see the figure above for clear details)

📚What Is Seismic Waves Exactly?

The Earth is divided into three layers: the Crust, the Mantle, and the Core. The crust is the Earth's outermost, thinnest, rocky layer, where we live. The layer beneath the crust is known as the mantle. It is the thickest and is primarily composed of semi-molten rock known as magma. This granite is hard in the upper mantle, but as it descends, it begins to dissolve and become softer. The core is the hottest layer and is separated into two parts: the outer core, which is liquid, and the inner core, which is solid. (Please see the figure above for clear details)

Layers Of Earth 🌎

Seismic waves move at different speeds depending on the materials they are encountering. Earthquakes cause different types of seismic waves: BODY WAVES and SURFACE WAVES. The surface waves can only travel through Earth’s surface while body waves, on the other hand, can travel through the inner layers of the Earth.

Different Types of Seismic Waves 🌊

Waves travelling through Earth’s surface are the surface waves. The surface waves are the slowest travelling seismic waves and arrive after the body waves. They are responsible for the damage and destruction related with earthquakes. There are two types of surface waves: LOVE WAVES and RAYLEIGH WAVES. The love waves are the fastest surface waves and cause the ground to move from side to side while Rayleigh waves are the slowest of the seismic waves and cause the ground to roll like ocean wave.(Please see the figure above for clear details)

📍Two types of surface waves

There are two types of body waves. The first type of body wave is the P (Primary) wave. P waves are the fastest travelling seismic wave, push and pull the materials they encounter, the first wave you feel in an earthquake and can move through solids and liquids.The second type of body wave is the S (Secondary) wave. S waves move slower than P waves but faster than the surface waves, move the materials they encounter up and down, arrive after the P waves and can move only through solids.(Please see the figure above for clear details)

📍Two Types of Body Waves

The waves of energy that travel through the Earth because of earthquakes enable scientists to tell us a lot about the internal structure of the Earth. Seismic waves move at different speeds when they travel through different types of materials they are encountering. As the body waves travel through the Earth, the waves are bent by the different materials that make up the Earth. The bending of waves is similar to the bending of light waves as they travel through a prism.

⚡️Waves of Energy

These ideas I’ve made had become a profound significance in the learning of education. To be prepared and sum up all what we learned is what we need when calamities strike in our country 📖

When an earthquake occurs, the shockwaves of released energy that shake the Earth and temporarily turn soft deposits, such as clay, into jelly (liquefaction) are called seismic waves, from the Greek ‘seismos’ meaning ‘earthquake’. Seismic waves are usually generated by movements of the Earth’s tectonic plates but may also be caused by explosions, volcanoes and landslides.

Seismic waves

No matter how small a task is, creating a list of all the things you need to accomplish throughout the course of your day will help you stay on track. Being able to cross off some of the simpler tasks you need to handle will keep you motivated.

Step 1: Create a list. 

If you put the tedious jobs at the top of your to-do list, it’ll be harder for you to avoid them throughout your day. Remember to remove distractions like your TV, and try to take care of the daunting stuff before handling the easier tasks on your list.

Step 2: Tackle the tedious stuff first.

It’s important to take short breaks about every 15-30 minutes when taking on a boring, time-consuming task. Procrastination is all mental, so trick your brain by breaking that one monumental task into several simpler ones that you can accomplish in between breaks.

Step 3: Take breaks.

When you finally scratch something off your to-do list, be sure to reward yourself. Indulging in a temptation you removed, such as Netflix, or treating yourself to a little online shopping is all you need. Just be sure to not give in until the job is completely finished! Most jobs today are accompanied by some larger, more boring tasks that need to be done, and real estate is no different. However, with a game plan and a little perseverance, you can boost your productivity and break these procrastination habits.

Step 4: Reward yourself.

productivity

Productivity

How to Break Your Procrastination Habits and Boost Productivity

<ul>
<li>Reducing yourself to any single characteristic, whether it be your title or your job performance, is a deeply damaging act.</li>
<li>Too many people who work hard and strive for success self-objectify as excellent work machines and tools of performance.</li>
<li>Strivers seek professional success to deliver satisfaction and happiness. But self-objectification makes both impossible, setting us up for a life of joyless accomplishment and unreachable goals followed by the tragedy of inevitable decline.</li>
</ul>
To be happy, we need to throw off these chains we put on ourselves.

You Are More Than Your Work

Objectification lowers well-being. Research shows, for example, that when people are reduced by others to physical attributes through objectifying stares or harassment, it can lower self-confidence and competence in tasks. The philosopher Immanuel Kant referred to this as becoming “an Object of appetite for another,” at which point “all motives of moral relationship cease to function.”
Physical objectification is just one type. Objectification at work is another, and an especially injurious one.

Objectification At Work

The case against objectifying others is fairly straightforward. Less obvious but equally damaging is when the objectifier and the person being objectified are one and the same. 
Humans are capable of objectifying themselves in many ways—by assessing their self-worth in terms of their physical appearance, economic position, or political views, for example—but all of them boil down to one damaging core act: reducing one’s own humanity to a single characteristic, and thus encouraging others to do so as well.

Accessing Your Self Worth

Ask yourself a few questions, and answer them honestly.<ul><li>Is your job the biggest part of your identity? Is it the way you introduce yourself, or even understand yourself?</li><li>Do you find yourself sacrificing love relationships for work? Have you forgone romance, friendship, or starting a family because of your career?</li><li>Do you have trouble imagining being happy if you were to lose your job or career? Does the idea of losing it feels a little like death to you?</li></ul>If you answered affirmatively to any or all of these, recognize that you will never be satisfied as long as you objectify yourself.

Being A Self-Objectifier

Use this principle in your professional life. To begin with, it should be the main goal of your vacation—to get a break from work and spend time with people you love. As obvious as this may sound, that means taking your vacation, and not working during it at all. 
Your employer should thank you for doing so: I have been a chief executive and can assure you that I wanted only employees who worked with their whole heart and free will. If they needed to leave, I wanted them to leave.

Get Some Space

Having friends outside your professional circles is important. Striking up friendships with people who don’t have any connection to your professional life encourages you to develop nonwork interests and virtues, and thus be a fuller person. 
The way to do this goes hand in hand with recommendation No. 1: Don’t just spend time away from work; spend it with people who have no connection to your work.

Have Friends Other Than Work

We all want to stand out in some way, and working harder than others and being better at our jobs seems a straightforward way to do so. This is a normal human drive, but it can nonetheless lead to destructive ends. The great irony is that by trying to be special, we end up reducing ourselves to a single quality, and turning ourselves into cogs in a machine of our own making.Don’t make this mistake. You are not your job, and I am not mine. Take your eyes off the distorted reflection, and have the courage to experience your full life and true self.

The Bottomline

Reducing yourself to any single characteristic, whether it be your title or your job performance, is a deeply damaging act.

career

Career

A Profession Is Not a Personality

There are steps you can take to make arriving at a party less stressful and more fulfilling. 
One of the issues with parties, unless you’re the most gregarious of extroverts, is that feeling when you’re about to walk into one but don’t know a single person there. Or perhaps you’re only vaguely connected to the host, who will surely be busy hosting. How do you start a conversation at a party with a complete stranger or someone you barely know? What if you do something horribly wrong, requiring you to sever all relationships and perhaps even move to an entirely new town or galaxy?

The Arrival

Take a moment to identify, realistically, what your purpose is for going. Is it:<ul><li>To make a business connection?</li><li>To meet a new friend?</li><li>To relax?</li><li>To have a good conversation?</li><li>To taste some new food or wine?</li></ul>

Define Your Purpose

Party prep should involve what you wear. Pick a tried-and-true outfit — whatever taps you into the best version of yourself, as opposed to something that makes you feel self-conscious or that you’ll be constantly adjusting. 
Some people like to choose a great blouse or jacket or necklace, like a talisman. That’s powerful. Or imagine the person who would play you in a movie, and dress like that for a boost of confidence.

The Outfit

The classic rule is to show up with something in hand. Nowadays, however, you don’t always need to show up with something for your good friends. If you feel more comfortable arriving with a bottle of wine or a token of your appreciation, by all means, go for it.Remember that conversation is part of what you bring to any social event. I don’t walk into a party without two to three things to talk about. These topics can be anything that’s interesting to you at the moment, and you need not even talk about them — but they are there if you need them.

What To Bring To The Party

There’s the sense that we should arrive fashionably late and with a posse of friends, but in fact, the very best time to get there is right when the party starts — before everyone is ensconced in conversations and you find yourself in the position of having to work your way into established groups.
If you can bear it, go solo, and watch the other guests make a beeline toward you.

Arrive on Time, and Go Alone

The person who walks in alone at a party, that’s the most approachable person.

Getting past the initial hellos can itself be a juggernaut. Do you hug, shake hands or kiss on one cheek, or both, or three times, in the European style? What if you hate being touched? If something makes you uncomfortable, however, you can let the other person know by saying politely, “I’m not a big hugger,” or some version of that

Greetings

It’s time to start meeting your fellow partygoers and impressing them with your warm and witty repartee. But how do you do that?
You’ve arrived on time, by yourself or not, with a gift in hand or simply your presence as your present. You know what you want to accomplish, and you have conversational topics in the back pocket of your carefully selected outfit (which, by the way, makes you look like a million bucks). It's time to shine.

Time to Mingle

If you feel intensely awkward about standing in the middle of the room and smiling, or actually approaching someone else — this really does work, the experts say, though it also sounds terrifying — you have alternatives. One thing that is really powerful is to have a job.If you know the host, see if you can help serve drinks. You could also offer to help take coats, clear used glasses or open the door as people knock.

Get Yourself A Job

Although Americans tend to put down small talk as if it’s superficial, it’s actually very important.
It’s about negotiating relationships, as sometimes it leads to an ongoing relationship or even a romantic relationship. You hear, ‘We were at this party, the next thing we knew, we were talking until 2 a.m.’ 
The appetizer for any relationship. You don’t know where your next opportunity will be in life, in friendship, in romance, in meeting people. In most cases, the relationship started with small talk. Somebody had to say hello first. Most of us are afraid to say hello!

Do The Small Talk

An all-inclusive and practical guide to being great at parties.

People love to party! Well, at least some of them do. For the rest of us, parties bring on waves of feelings, good and bad, much like the events themselves. Here's everything you've ever wanted to know about being the hit of the party.

Be Better at Parties - Smarter Living Guides

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