Curated from: Lifespan with Dr. David Sinclair
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Dr David Sinclair is a professor of genetics at Harvard, a co-director of the Paul F Glenn Centre for Biology of Aging Research, and an author.
His research and biotech companies focus on understanding why we age and how to slow its effects.
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The new idea of ageing is that it’s not just random stuff in your body going wrong. There’s actually a program that starts at birth. The Horvath clock or epigenetic clock is the biological clock that is ticking all the time. The clock is measured by the methylation of the DNA. A chemical called methyl is added to the DNA and it stays there and ensures that cells have their identity and play the right genes for the rest of your life.
What you do in your 20s and 30s will impact how healthy you are in your 70s, 80s, and 90. There are ways to work on ageing that can keep the whole body young.
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The brain age ages slower than the rest of the body. The brain has super protective mechanisms that keep the brain younger for longer.
After the age of 40, the volume of the brain reduces about 5% per decade. However, you can slow that process down and even reverse it later in life.
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All three factors work together to protect the body. They turn up metabolism, burn fat, repair DNA, remove senescent cells, they lower inflammation.
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While your body clock is ticking away, the loops and bundles of the DNA are getting messed up. When a cell is overstressed and damaged, the sirtuins have two jobs:
To mitigate that, we need to upregulate the sirtuins through NAD boosters.
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All three pathways play a role in autophagy (cleaning out damaged cells), but mTOR is the most potent. mTOR responds to insulin signalling and fasting. In response, it mobilises proteins to be recycled and made into new proteins when you’re hungry.
When we get older, we have misfiled proteins: In the eye, they’re called lipofuscin. In Alzheimer's, they’re plaques and tangles of proteins. To get rid of them, you need deep cleansing called chaperone-mediated autophagy.
Changing our diet ensures all three pathways are working.
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A good Mediterranean-type diet protects the brain from ageing and can even reverse aspects of ageing in the elderly.
A Mediterranean diet includes olive oil in the diet, red wine, and very little red meat.
The Mediterranean diet mimics adversity. Your body has to work a bit harder to get everything it needs.
Aerobic exercise and walking improve cognition, particularly as we age.
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